{"meta":{"redlist_version":"2026-1","redlist_accessed":"2026-07-28","corpus":"Richardson, M. (2023) Threatened and Recently Extinct Vertebrates of the World: A Biogeographic Approach. Cambridge University Press.","built":"2026-08-02","counts":{"dd":2372,"ne":36,"priority_dd":795,"priority_all":803,"prehistoric":7},"validation":{"n_labelled":108,"high":{"n":19,"threatened":10,"rate":52.6,"lo":32,"hi":73},"low":{"n":89,"threatened":18,"rate":20.2,"lo":13,"hi":30},"all":{"n":108,"rate":25.9,"lo":19,"hi":35},"p":0.0075,"odds_ratio":4.38,"baseline_all_species":28,"borgelt_prediction":56}},"tiers":{"5":"Type locality, original collection, or a single specimen","4":"A single named site — one river, cave, spring, island, massif","3":"A single drainage, archipelago, or mountain range","2":"Restricted, extent unclear","1":"No restriction statement"},"classes":{"Actinopterygii":1218,"Reptilia":472,"Mammalia":343,"Amphibia":265,"Chondrichthyes":57,"Aves":38,"Myxini":14,"Petromyzonti":1},"tier_counts":{"5":411,"4":392,"3":63,"2":1263,"1":279},"sites":[{"name":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","count":51},{"name":"Terra firma","count":30},{"name":"The lower Congo","count":12},{"name":"The Mano River","count":10},{"name":"Luzon","count":10},{"name":"Lowland rainforests","count":10},{"name":"The South China Sea","count":9},{"name":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","count":9},{"name":"The Gulf of Guinea","count":8},{"name":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","count":8},{"name":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","count":8},{"name":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","count":8},{"name":"The East African coastal forests","count":7},{"name":"The Cape Verde Rise","count":6},{"name":"The Sala y Gómez Ridge","count":6},{"name":"The Western Indo-Pacific","count":6},{"name":"The Cordillera Central","count":6},{"name":"The Red Sea","count":5},{"name":"The Luapula River","count":5},{"name":"The South Atlantic Ridge","count":5},{"name":"The Chagos-Laccadive Ridge","count":4},{"name":"The Ituri / Aruwimi River","count":4},{"name":"The cerrado","count":4},{"name":"Palawan","count":4},{"name":"The Albertine Rift","count":4},{"name":"The Lufira River","count":4},{"name":"The Isthmian Highlands","count":4},{"name":"The Bay of Bengal","count":4},{"name":"The Norfolk Ridge","count":4},{"name":"The Kyushu-Palau Ridge","count":3},{"name":"“Miombo”","count":3},{"name":"Negros","count":3},{"name":"Manus","count":3},{"name":"The Luhoho River","count":3},{"name":"The Nyong River","count":3},{"name":"The Sanaga River","count":3},{"name":"The Sierra Nevada de Mérida","count":3},{"name":"Located in the southeastern Philippines, Mindanao","count":3},{"name":"The Flores Sea","count":3},{"name":"The North Atlantic Ridge","count":3},{"name":"Arrowsmith Bank","count":3},{"name":"Espiritu Santo","count":3}],"species":[{"n":"Adelotremus leptus","v":"Marsa el At combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Red Sea","e":"The Marsa el At combtooth blenny (Adelotremus leptus) is known only from a single specimen collected from the northwestern Red Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Adelotremus leptus Smith-Vaniz & Rose, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Alloblennius frondiculus","v":"South Cinque combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The South Cinque combtooth blenny (Alloblennius frondiculus) is known only from a single specimen collected from South Cinque Island, in the Andaman Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Alloblennius frondiculus Allen, 2012","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amblyceps platycephalus","v":"flat-headed torrent catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The flat-headed torrent catfish (Amblyceps platycephalus) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Salween River drainage in northwestern Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyceps platycephalus Ng & Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anampses viridis","v":"green wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The green wrasse (Anampses viridis) is known only from a single specimen collected off Mauritius in the early nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anampses viridis Valenciennes, 1840","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Andamia cyclocheilus","v":"Atjatuning combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Atjatuning combtooth blenny (Andamia cyclocheilus) is known only from a single specimen collected from the coast of western New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Andamia cyclocheilus Weber, 1909","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Andamia expansa","v":"Andaman combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Andaman combtooth blenny (Andamia expansa) is known only from its original collection in the Andaman Island in the mid-nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Andamia expansa Blyth, 1858","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aphyosemion decorsei","v":"Decorse's killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Decorse's killifish (Aphyosemion decorsei) is known only from its original collection in southwestern Central African Republic in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aphyosemion decorsei (Pellegrin, 1904)","sil":true,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aplatophis zorro","v":"snaggle-toothed snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The snaggle-toothed snake-eel (Aplatophis zorro) is known only from a single specimen collected from the mouth of the Bay of San Miguel in 2001.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aplatophis zorro McCosker & Robertson, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Argopleura conventus","v":"Digue de Cartagena characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Digue de Cartagena characin (Argopleura conventus) is known only from a single specimen collected during the early twentieth century from northwestern Colombia (Cartagena department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Argopleura conventus (Eigenmann, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Arothron leopardus","v":"banded leopard pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The banded leopard pufferfish (Arothron leopardus) is known only from a single specimen collected off the southern coast of India in 1878.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arothron leopardus (Day, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aseraggodes firmisquamis","v":"Palau reef sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Kyushu-Palau Ridge","e":"The Palau reef sole (Aseraggodes firmisquamis) is known only from a single specimen collected off Palau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aseraggodes firmisquamis Randall & Bartsch, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus jimenezae","v":"Jimenez's naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Jimenez's naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus jimenezae) is known only from its original collection within the Calles River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus jimenezae Ardila Rodríguez, 2013","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus rengifoi","v":"Rengifo's naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Rengifo's naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus rengifoi) is known only from its original collection in 1960 within a small brook in eastern Chocó department.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus rengifoi Dahl, 1960","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atopochilus vogti","v":"Wami upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Wami River","e":"The Wami upside-down catfish (Atopochilus vogti) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Wami River in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atopochilus vogti Pellegrin, 1922","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aulonocara auditor","v":"Vua peacock cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Vua peacock cichlid (Aulonocara auditor) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1930s from the northern part of the lake.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aulonocara auditor (Trewavas, 1935)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bagrus filamentosus","v":"silver catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The silver catfish (Bagrus filamentosus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1920s, most likely (but not certainly) from somewhere in the Niger River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bagrus filamentosus Pellegrin, 1924","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Barbus hondeensis","v":"Pungwe barbel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Pungwe barbel (Barbus hondeensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from the upper Pungwe River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barbus hondeensis Määr, 1962","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Barbus myersi","v":"Myer's barbel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Luapula River","e":"Myer's barbel (Barbus myersi) is known only from its original collection in the 1930s from the Muniengashsi River, a tributary of the Luapula River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barbus myersi Poll, 1939","sil":true,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bassozetus oncerocephalus","v":"Cape Verde assfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Cape Verde Rise","e":"The Cape Verde assfish (Bassozetus oncerocephalus) is a type of cusk-eel known only from a single specimen collected in deep waters of the Cape Verde Rise.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bassozetus oncerocephalus (Vaillant, 1888)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bathyblennius antholops","v":"Gulf of Guinea combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"The Gulf of Guinea combtooth blenny (Bathyblennius antholops) is known only from a single specimen collected off the coast of Nigeria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathyblennius antholops (Springer & Smith-Vaniz, 1970)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bathylaco macrophthalmus","v":"bigheaded slickhead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The bigheaded slickhead (Bathylaco macrophthalmus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1960s off the western coast of Central America.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathylaco macrophthalmus Nielsen & Larsen, 1968","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Batrachoides walkeri","v":"Walker's toadfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Walker's toadfish (Batrachoides walkeri) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Gulf of Panama in 1953.","l":"dd","iucn":"Batrachoides walkeri Collette & Russo, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Borostomias abyssorum","v":"Biscay snaggletooth","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Biscay snaggletooth (Borostomias abyssorum) is a type of barbeled dragonfish known only from a single specimen collected from deep waters of the Bay of Biscay in the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Borostomias abyssorum (Köhler, 1896)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Brachysomophis longipinnis","v":"sharp-fanged snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The sharp-fanged snake-eel (Brachysomophis longipinnis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Taiwan Strait.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brachysomophis longipinnis McCosker & Randall, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconamericus icelus","v":"Guamural characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Guamural characin (Bryconamericus icelus) is known only from its original collection from a ravine in northwestern Colombia (Córdoba department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconamericus icelus Dahl & Medem, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Callionymus platycephalus","v":"flathead dragonet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The flathead dragonet (Callionymus platycephalus) is a rare, bottom-dwelling species known only from its type locality in the Visayan Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callionymus platycephalus Fricke, 1983","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Canthigaster flavoreticulata","v":"Tonga sharpnose pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Tonga-Kermadec Ridge","e":"The Tonga sharpnose pufferfish (Canthigaster flavoreticulata) is known only from a single specimen collected from a deep, rocky reef of the Tonga Ridge.","l":"dd","iucn":"Canthigaster flavoreticulata Matsuura, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cetopsis jurubidae","v":"Fowler's catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Fowler's catfish (Cetopsis jurubidae) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1940s from the Jurubidá River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cetopsis jurubidae (Fowler, 1944)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chaetodontoplus caeruleopunctatus","v":"blue-spotted angelfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The blue-spotted angelfish (Chaetodontoplus caeruleopunctatus) is known only from a single specimen caught in a reef off Cebu, Philippines in 1972.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaetodontoplus caeruleopunctatus Yasuda & Tominaga, 1976","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chaudhuria fusipinnis","v":"Leuk spineless eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Leuk spineless eel (Chaudhuria fusipinnis) is known only from its original collection in 1997 from the Leuk River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaudhuria fusipinnis Kottelat & Britz, 2000","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Choerodon paynei","v":"Payne's tuskfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Payne's tuskfish (Choerodon paynei) is known only from a single specimen collected from a coral reef off Dirk       Hartog Island, Western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Choerodon paynei Whitley, 1945","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Chriolepis benthonis","v":"deepwater goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Campeche Bank","e":"The deepwater goby (Chriolepis benthonis) is known only from a single specimen collected from deep waters in the Bay of Campeche.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chriolepis benthonis Ginsburg, 1953","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chriolepis tagus","v":"mystery goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The mystery goby (Chriolepis tagus) is known only from a single specimen collected from an uncertain locality within the Galápagos Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chriolepis tagus Ginsburg, 1953","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chrysichthys uniformis","v":"Uele catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Uele catfish (Chrysichthys uniformis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Uele River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chrysichthys uniformis Pellegrin, 1922","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Clarias engelseni","v":"Engelsen's airbreathing catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Engelsen's airbreathing catfish (Clarias engelseni) is known only from its original collection in the 1920s from the Yei River of eastern Sudan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Clarias engelseni (Johnsen, 1926)","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Coelorinchus notatus","v":"Alice Channel rattail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Alice Channel rattail (Coelorinchus notatus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1908 from deep waters of the Alice Channel, which connects the Sulu Sea with the Sulawesi Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coelorinchus notatus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Coryogalops monospilus","v":"onespot goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The onespot goby (Coryogalops monospilus) is known only from a single specimen collected from a rockpool in       coastal Kuwait.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coryogalops monospilus Randall, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Coryphaenoides dubius","v":"dubious grenadier","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The dubious grenadier (Coryphaenoides dubius) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1909 in Iligan Bay, Mindanao in the southern Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coryphaenoides dubius (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dactylanthias aplodactylus","v":"Ambon seabass","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Banda Sea","e":"The Ambon seabass (Dactylanthias aplodactylus) is a small, deepwater reef species known only from a single specimen collected near Ambon Island in the mid-nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dactylanthias aplodactylus (Bleeker, 1858)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendrochirus tuamotuensis","v":"Tuamotu turkeyfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tuamotu turkeyfish (Dendrochirus tuamotuensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Tuamotu Archipelago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrochirus tuamotuensis Motsunuma & Motomura, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Derilissus vittiger","v":"red-striped clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The red-striped clingfish (Derilissus vittiger) is known only from a single specimen collected off Tortuga Island, Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Derilissus vittiger Fraser, 1970","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dermogenys brachynotopterus","v":"Hooghly halfbeak","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Hooghly halfbeak (Dermogenys brachynotopterus) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Hooghly Estuary in the mid-nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dermogenys brachynotopterus (Bleeker, 1853)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Didogobius bentuvii","v":"Ben-Tuvia's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Ben-Tuvia's goby (Didogobius bentuvii) is known only from a single specimen collected off the mouth of the Rubin River, coastal Israel, in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Didogobius bentuvii Miller, 1966","sil":true,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Discotrema zonatum","v":"Fijian clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Fijian clingfish (Discotrema zonatum) is known only from a single specimen collected near Charybdis Reef on the northern coast of Viti Levu, Fiji.","l":"dd","iucn":"Discotrema zonatum Craig & Randall, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dolichopteryx anascopa","v":"Brauer's spookfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Brauer's spookfish (Dolichopteryx anascopa) is a deep-sea fish known only from a single specimen collected during the early nineteenth century from the southeastern Pacific.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dolichopteryx anascopa Brauer, 1901","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ebomegobius goodi","v":"Good's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Good's goby (Ebomegobius goodi) is known only from a single specimen collected from a brackish water stream near Kribi, in coastal Cameroon, in the 1940s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ebomegobius goodi Herre, 1946","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eleotris vomerodentata","v":"Pangalana sleeper goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Pangalana sleeper goby (Eleotris vomerodentata) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1980s from Pangalana Lagoon in eastern coastal Madagascar (former Toamasina province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Eleotris vomerodentata Maugé, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Emblemaria culmenis","v":"ridge blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The ridge blenny (Emblemaria culmenis) is known only from a single specimen collected off Aruba during the late twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Emblemaria culmenis Stephens, 1970","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius lamani","v":"Laman's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The lower Congo","e":"Laman's barb (Enteromius lamani) is known only from its original collection from a small effluent of the lower Congo in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius lamani (Lönnberg & Rendahl, 1920)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius nigrifilis","v":"Nichols' barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Nichols' barb (Enteromius nigrifilis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1920s from the junction of the Lualaba and Luvua rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius nigrifilis (Nichols, 1928)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius tongaensis","v":"Tonga barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tonga barb (Enteromius tongaensis) is known only from its original collection in 1935 from a single locality in northern South Sudan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius tongaensis (Rendahl, 1935)","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius trispiloides","v":"Mano barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Mano barb (Enteromius trispiloides) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1980s from the Mano River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius trispiloides (Lévêque, Teugels & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1987)","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Epinephelus chlorocephalus","v":"Tonga grouper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Tonga-Kermadec Ridge","e":"The Tonga grouper (Epinephelus chlorocephalus) is known only from a single specimen collected between 1826 – 29.","l":"dd","iucn":"Epinephelus chlorocephalus (Valenciennes, 1830)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Epinephelus suborbitalis","v":"seamount grouper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Kyushu-Palau Ridge","e":"The seamount grouper (Epinephelus suborbitalis) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Minami-Koho Seamount on the Kyushu-Palau Ridge.","l":"dd","iucn":"Epinephelus suborbitalis Amaoka & Randall, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Erethistoides pipri","v":"Rihand catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Sone River","e":"The Rihand catfish (Erethistoides pipri) is known only from its original collection in 1950 from the Rihand River, a tributary of the Sone River in Uttar Pradesh.","l":"dd","iucn":"Erethistoides pipri Hora, 1950","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ethadophis byrnei","v":"Byrne's snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Byrne's snake-eel (Ethadophis byrnei) is known only from a single specimen collected from a sandbank in the northeastern Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ethadophis byrnei Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Frontilabrus caeruleus","v":"Maldives wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Chagos-Laccadive Ridge","e":"The Maldives wrasse (Frontilabrus caeruleus) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Maldives in the 1980s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Frontilabrus caeruleus Randall & Condé, 1989","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Garra yiliangensis","v":"Nanpan garra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Nanpan garra (Garra yiliangensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1960s from a hillstream in southern China (Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Garra yiliangensis Wu & Chen, 1977","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gephyrocharax martae","v":"Batatal characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Batatal characin (Gephyrocharax martae) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Batatal River, a tributary of the San Jorge River, in the 1940s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gephyrocharax martae Dahl, 1943","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gillellus inescatus","v":"flagfin stargazer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The flagfin stargazer (Gillellus inescatus) is known only from a single specimen collected off Navassa Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gillellus inescatus Williams, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Glyptosternon malaisei","v":"Malaise's catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Malaise's catfish (Glyptosternon malaisei) is known only from its original collection from the upper Irrawaddy River in the 1940s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptosternon malaisei Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941","sil":true,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Glyptothorax kurdistanicus","v":"Kurdistan mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kurdistan mountain catfish (Glyptothorax kurdistanicus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the early twentieth century from the Little Zab River, in the Zagros Mountains of Iran.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax kurdistanicus (Berg, 1931)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gobiesox stenocephalus","v":"narrow-headed clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The narrow-headed clingfish (Gobiesox stenocephalus) is known only from its original collection in 1955 from coastal northwestern Costa Rica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gobiesox stenocephalus Briggs, 1955","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gogo brevibarbis","v":"Mananjary catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Mananjary catfish (Gogo brevibarbis) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Mananjary River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gogo brevibarbis (Boulenger, 1911)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gunnellichthys grandoculis","v":"large-eyed wormfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The large-eyed wormfish (Gunnellichthys grandoculis) is known only from a single specimen collected from Arno Atoll in the Marshall Islands in 1911.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gunnellichthys grandoculis (Kendall & Goldsborough, 1911)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemimyzon khonensis","v":"Khone Falls river loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Khone Falls river loach (Hemimyzon khonensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from Khone Falls.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemimyzon khonensis Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Heteropneustes longipectoralis","v":"Thirumurthi airsac catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Thirumurthi airsac catfish (Heteropneustes longipectoralis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1990s in an irrigation reservoir of the Thirumurthi Dam, within the Anaimalai Hills of southwestern India (Tamil Nadu).","l":"dd","iucn":"Heteropneustes longipectoralis Rema Devi & Raghunathan, 1999","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hippopotamyrus aelsbroecki","v":"Aelsbroeck's mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Aelsbroeck's mormyrid (Hippopotamyrus aelsbroecki) is known only from its original collection in the 1940s from southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hippopotamyrus aelsbroecki (Poll, 1945)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hoplostethus vniro","v":"Vniro's roughy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Vniro's roughy (Hoplostethus vniro) is a type of deep-sea fish known only from a single specimen collected off the coast of the Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hoplostethus vniro Kotlyar, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypoatherina crenolepis","v":"crenulated silverside","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The crenulated silverside (Hypoatherina crenolepis) is known only from its original collection in 1908 from the Mindoro Strait and the southern Sulu Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypoatherina crenolepis (Schultz, 1953)","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyporthodus darwinensis","v":"Darwin grouper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Darwin grouper (Hyporthodus darwinensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1988 northwest of Bathurst Island, northern Australia (Northern Territory).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyporthodus darwinensis (Randall & Heemstra, 1991)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyporthodus perplexus","v":"puzzling grouper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The puzzling grouper (Hyporthodus perplexus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1909 off the coast of southern Queensland, Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyporthodus perplexus (Randall, Hoese & Last, 1991)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Kryptopterus lumholtzi","v":"Bulungan sheatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Bulungan sheatfish (Kryptopterus lumholtzi) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1914 from the Kayan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kryptopterus lumholtzi Rendahl, 1922","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Kumba dentoni","v":"Denton's rattail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Denton's rattail (Kumba dentoni) is known only from a single specimen collected from deep waters of the Bay of Biscay in the early 1970s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kumba dentoni Marshall, 1973","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeo maleboensis","v":"Stanley Pool labeo","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Stanley Pool labeo (Labeo maleboensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from Stanley Pool in the 1990s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeo maleboensis Tshibwabwa, 1997","sil":true,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeo tongaensis","v":"Tonga labeo","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tonga labeo (Labeo tongaensis) is known only from its original collection in northern South Sudan in 1935.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeo tongaensis Rendahl, 1935","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus dartevellei","v":"Dartevelle's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The lower Congo","e":"Dartevelle's yellowfish (Labeobarbus dartevellei) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1940s from the lower Congo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus dartevellei (Poll, 1945)","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus gulielmi","v":"Gulielm's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Gulielm's yellowfish (Labeobarbus gulielmi) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century from the Cuanza River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus gulielmi (Boulenger, 1910)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lamprologus finalimus","v":"Uvira cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Uvira cichlid (Lamprologus finalimus) is known only from a single specimen collected at the northern tip of Lake Tanganyika in 1931.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lamprologus finalimus Nichols & La Monte, 1931","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lasiognathus amphirhamphus","v":"Madeira wolftrap angler","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Madeira Abyssal Plain","e":"The Madeira wolftrap angler (Lasiognathus amphirhamphus) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Madeira Abyssal Plain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lasiognathus amphirhamphus Pietsch, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptenchelys vermiformis","v":"slender worm-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The slender worm-eel (Leptenchelys vermiformis) is known only from a single specimen collected off the western coast of Costa Rica in the 1940s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptenchelys vermiformis Myers & Wade, 1941","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptoderma macrophthalmum","v":"Azores eel-slickhead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Azores Plateau","e":"The Azores eel-slickhead (Leptoderma macrophthalmum) is known only from a single specimen collected north of the Azores.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptoderma macrophthalmum Byrkjedal, Poulsen & Galbraith, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leuropharus lasiops","v":"acned snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The acned snake-eel (Leuropharus lasiops) is known only from a single specimen collected off Jalisco state, Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leuropharus lasiops Rosenblatt & McCosker, 1970","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Luciobrotula lineata","v":"lined cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The lined cusk-eel (Luciobrotula lineata) is known only from a single specimen found floating on the surface near a lava flow on the island of Hawaii.","l":"dd","iucn":"Luciobrotula lineata (Gosline, 1954)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lycodes sadoensis","v":"Sado eelpout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Sea of Japan","e":"The Sado eelpout (Lycodes sadoensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Sea of Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lycodes sadoensis Toyoshima & Honma, 1980","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Marcusenius macrophthalmus","v":"Tshikapa mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tshikapa mormyrid (Marcusenius macrophthalmus) is known only from its original collection in the 1920s from northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Marcusenius macrophthalmus (Pellegrin, 1924)","sil":true,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Meiacanthus erdmanni","v":"Erdmann's fangblenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Erdmann's fangblenny (Meiacanthus erdmanni) is known only from a single specimen collected near Tridacna Atoll within Cenderawasih Bay, western New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Meiacanthus erdmanni Smith-Vaniz & Allen, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Melodichthys hadrocephalus","v":"singing viviparous brotula","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The singing viviparous brotula (Melodichthys hadrocephalus) is a type of cusk-eel known only from a single specimen collected off the coast of France.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melodichthys hadrocephalus Nielsen & Cohen 1986","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microdesmus hildebrandi","v":"dark-tailed worm-goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The dark-tailed worm-goby (Microdesmus hildebrandi) is known only from a single specimen collected along the southern coast of Panama during the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microdesmus hildebrandi Reid, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Micrognathus erugatus","v":"smalljaw pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The smalljaw pipefish (Micrognathus erugatus) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1970s from the eastern coast of Brazil (Bahia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micrognathus erugatus Herald & Dawson, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Monognathus jesperseni","v":"Jespersen's one-jawed eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Jespersen's one-jawed eel (Monognathus jesperseni) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1930s from deep waters off the coast of Sierra Leone.","l":"dd","iucn":"Monognathus jesperseni Bertin, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Monopterus boueti","v":"Liberian swamp eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Liberian swamp eel (Monopterus boueti) is known only from a single specimen collected from a small freshwater rivulet flowing into a swamp near Monrovia, Liberia in 1922.","l":"dd","iucn":"Monopterus boueti (Pellegrin, 1922)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mormyrops intermedius","v":"Rubi mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Itimbiri River","e":"The Rubi mormyrid (Mormyrops intermedius) is known only from its original collection within the Rubi River, a tributary of the Itimbiri River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mormyrops intermedius Vinciguerra, 1928","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mormyrops microstoma","v":"New Antwerp mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The New Antwerp mormyrid (Mormyrops microstoma) is known only from its original collection during the nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mormyrops microstoma Boulenger, 1898","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nannocharax fasciolaris","v":"Cunene citharine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Cunene citharine (Nannocharax fasciolaris) is known only from its original collection during the 1860s from the Cunene River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nannocharax fasciolaris Nichols & Boulton, 1927","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nannocharax ogoensis","v":"Franceville citharine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Franceville citharine (Nannocharax ogoensis) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century from southeastern Gabon, within the Ogooué River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nannocharax ogoensis Pellegrin, 1911","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Neobola nilotica","v":"White Nile sardine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The White Nile sardine (Neobola nilotica) is known only from its original collection in Sudan in 1919.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neobola nilotica Werner, 1919","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ophichthus leonensis","v":"Sierra Leone snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Sierra Leone snake-eel (Ophichthus leonensis) is deepwater species known only from a single specimen found in the stomach of a fish taken off Sierra Leone in 1975.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ophichthus leonensis Blache, 1975","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ostichthys ovaloculus","v":"oval-eye soldierfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The oval-eye soldierfish (Ostichthys ovaloculus) is known only from a single specimen collected from deep waters off of Tahiti.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ostichthys ovaloculus Randall & Wrobel, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Panturichthys fowleri","v":"Fowler's shortfaced eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Fowler's shortfaced eel (Panturichthys fowleri) was long known only from a single specimen collected off Israel in the early 1950s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Panturichthys fowleri (Ben-Tuvia, 1953)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis murieli","v":"Muriel's snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Muriel's snailfish (Paraliparis murieli) is known for certain only from a single specimen collected off the eastern coast of Spain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis murieli Matallanas, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paramormyrops jacksoni","v":"ghost mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Longa River","e":"The ghost mormyrid (Paramormyrops jacksoni) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Longa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paramormyrops jacksoni (Poll, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parasaccogaster melanomycter","v":"black-nosed brotula","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The black-nosed brotula (Parasaccogaster melanomycter) is known only from a single specimen collected from a coral off off the coast of northern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parasaccogaster melanomycter (Cohen, 1981)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraulopus maculatus","v":"Kotthaus' cucumberfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Kotthaus' cucumberfish (Paraulopus maculatus) is a cylindrical-shaped known only from a single specimen collected in the 1960s off Mombasa, Kenya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraulopus maculatus (Kotthaus, 1967)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parioglossus verticalis","v":"vertical dartfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The vertical dartfish (Parioglossus verticalis) is known only from a single specimen collected from shallow waters off Pohnpei in the Caroline Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parioglossus verticalis Rennis & Hoese, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Parrella fusca","v":"dark goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The dark goby (Parrella fusca) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Gulf of Panama in the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parrella fusca Ginsburg, 1939","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Patagonotothen thompsoni","v":"Thompson's cod icefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Thompson's cod icefish (Patagonotothen thompsoni) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Strait of Magellan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Patagonotothen thompsoni Balushkin, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pelmatochromis ocellifer","v":"Monsembé cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Monsembé cichlid (Pelmatochromis ocellifer) is known only from a single specimen collected from the central Congo in 1899.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pelmatochromis ocellifer Boulenger, 1899","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Peristedion amblygenys","v":"Fowler's searobin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Fowler's searobin (Peristedion amblygenys) is known only from a single specimen collected off western Luzon during the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Peristedion amblygenys Fowler, 1938","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Petrocephalus degeni","v":"Degen's mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Katonga River","e":"Degen's mormyrid (Petrocephalus degeni) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1906 in the mouth of the Katonga River, Lake Victoria basin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Petrocephalus degeni Boulenger, 1906","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phractura bovei","v":"Bove's whiptailed catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The lower Congo","e":"Bove's whiptailed catfish (Phractura bovei) is known only from its original collection from a single locality within the lower Congo River in the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phractura bovei (Perugia, 1892)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phractura stiassny","v":"Stiassny's whiptailed catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Stiassny's whiptailed catfish (Phractura stiassny) is known only from a single collection in the Nyanga River at Tchibanga, Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phractura stiassny Skelton, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Physoschistura raoi","v":"Rao's stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Rao's stone loach (Physoschistura raoi) is known only from its original collection from the Salween River in central-eastern Myanmar (Shan State) in the 1920s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Physoschistura raoi (Hora, 1929)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Platygillellus smithi","v":"sailfinned stargazer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The sailfinned stargazer (Platygillellus smithi) is a blenny-like fish known only from a single specimen collected from Little Inagua Island in the Bahamas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Platygillellus smithi Dawson, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Plectranthias fijiensis","v":"Fijian perchlet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Fijian perchlet (Plectranthias fijiensis) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1980s from deep waters off Fiji.","l":"dd","iucn":"Plectranthias fijiensis Raj & Seeto, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pollimyrus maculipinnis","v":"Kananga mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kananga mormyrid (Pollimyrus maculipinnis) is known only from its original collection at Kananga (Luluabourg), south-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pollimyrus maculipinnis (Nichols & La Monte, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pomadasys schyrii","v":"smalleye grunt","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The smalleye grunt (Pomadasys schyrii) is known only from its original collection during the early twentieth century from the Gulf of Guayaquil off southern Ecuador and northern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pomadasys schyrii Steindachner, 1900","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Prionotus murielae","v":"barred sea robin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Cay Sal Bank","e":"The barred sea robin (Prionotus murielae) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Cal Say Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Prionotus murielae Mobray, 1928","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Psednos harteli","v":"Hartel's dwarf snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Hartel's dwarf snailfish (Psednos harteli) is known only from a single specimen collected from the northwestern Atlantic off Nova Scotia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psednos harteli Chernova, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Psettina hainanensis","v":"Hainan lefteye flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The South China Sea","e":"The Hainan lefteye flounder (Psettina hainanensis) is known for certain only from a single specimen collected off Hainan in the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psettina hainanensis (Wu & Tang, 1935)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudanthias xanthomaculatus","v":"New Caledonia basslet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The New Caledonia basslet (Pseudanthias xanthomaculatus) is known only from a single specimen collected off Grande Terre, New Caledonia in the 1970s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudanthias xanthomaculatus (Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979)","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudobagarius hardmani","v":"Hardman's catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Hardman's catfish (Pseudobagarius hardmani) is known only from its original collection from the Chao Phraya River in west-central Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudobagarius hardmani (Ng & Sabaj Pérez, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudochromis kolythrus","v":"Mbéré Reef dottyback","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Mbéré Reef dottyback (Pseudochromis kolythrus) is known only from a single specimen collected from a cave within Mbéré Reef off Grande Terre, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudochromis kolythrus Gill & Winterbottom, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudojuloides xanthomos","v":"yellow slender wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The yellow slender wrasse (Pseudojuloides xanthomos) is known only from a single specimen collected off Mauritius.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudojuloides xanthomos Randall & Randall, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pterocryptis indicus","v":"Namdapha sheatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Namdapha sheatfish (Pterocryptis indicus) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Namdapha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pterocryptis indica (Datta, Barman & Jayaram, 1987)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Puntius ambassis","v":"Day's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Godavari River runs west to east through most of central India. It","e":"Day's barb (Puntius ambassis) is known only from its original collection during the nineteenth century, most likely from the Godavari River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Puntius ambassis (Day, 1869)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Raiamas ansorgii","v":"Ansorge's trout barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Ansorge's trout barb (Raiamas ansorgii) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century from the Cuanza River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Raiamas ansorgii (Boulenger, 1910)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Raiamas longirostris","v":"Oubangui trout barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Oubangui trout barb (Raiamas longirostris) is known only from its original collection from northwestern Democratic Republic of Congo in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Raiamas longirostris (Boulenger, 1902)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhadinoloricaria macromystax","v":"Günther's catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Günther's catfish (Rhadinoloricaria macromystax) is known only from its original collection during the mid-nineteenth century from an unspecified locality in northeastern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhadinoloricaria macromystax (Günther, 1869)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rheocles pellegrini","v":"Pellegrin's rainbowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Pellegrin's rainbowfish (Rheocles pellegrini) was long known only from a single specimen collected in 1931 from an undefined area of northern Madagascar (former Antsiranana and / or Toamasina provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rheocles pellegrini (Nichols & La Monte, 1931)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sargocentron megalops","v":"Pitcairn squirrelfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Pitcairn squirrelfish (Sargocentron megalops) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Pitcairn Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sargocentron megalops Randall, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura crabro","v":"Ngiap stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Ngiap stone loach (Schistura crabro) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1999.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura crabro Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura pertica","v":"pole stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The pole stone loach (Schistura pertica) is known only from its original collection in 1997 from a small stream in northern Laos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura pertica Kottelat, 2000","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura xhatensis","v":"Xhat stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Xhat stone loach (Schistura xhatensis) is known only from its original collection in the upper Xhat River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura xhatensis Kottelat, 2000","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sciadonus cryptophthalmus","v":"Zugmayer's blind cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Zugmayer's blind cusk-eel (Sciadonus cryptophthalmus) is known only from a single specimen collected off the coast of northwestern Spain in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sciadonus cryptophthalmus (Zugmayer, 1911)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scorpaena annobonae","v":"Annobón scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"The Annobón scorpionfish (Scorpaena annobonae) is known only from a single specimen collected off Annobón in the Gulf of Guinea in 1969.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaena annobonae Eschmeyer, 1969","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Scorpaena lacrimata","v":"Society Islands scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Society Islands scorpionfish (Scorpaena lacrimata) is known only from a single specimen collected from deep water off Tahiti.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaena lacrimata Randall & Greenfield, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scorpaenopsis crenulata","v":"serrated deepwater scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The serrated deepwater scorpionfish (Scorpaenopsis crenulata) is known only from a single specimen collected off the Wallis and Futuna Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaenopsis crenulata Motomura & Causse, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Semiplotus cirrhosus","v":"Chaudhuri's kingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Chaudhuri's kingfish (Semiplotus cirrhosus) is known only from its original collection in 1919 from northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Semiplotus cirrhosus Chaudhuri, 1919","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sicyopterus micrurus","v":"clinging goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The clinging goby (Sicyopterus micrurus) is a freshwater and marine species known only from a single specimen collected during the mid-nineteenth century from Ambon, in the Moloccas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sicyopterus micrurus (Bleeker, 1853)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Siokunichthys striatus","v":"New Caledonian soft-coral pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The New Caledonia Barrier Reef surrounds Grande Terre, New Caledonia's largest i","e":"The New Caledonian soft-coral pipefish (Siokunichthys striatus) is known only from a single specimen collected off the southern coast of Grande Terre.","l":"dd","iucn":"Siokunichthys striatus Fricke, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Solocisquama carinata","v":"Sala y Gómez anglerfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Sala y Gómez Ridge","e":"The Sala y Gómez anglerfish (Solocisquama carinata) is known only from a single specimen collected near the Sala y Gomez Ridge.","l":"dd","iucn":"Solocisquama carinata Bradbury, 1999","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Spicara martinicus","v":"Martinique picarel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Martinique picarel (Spicara martinicus) is a type of ray-fined fish known only from a single specimen collected in the waters off Martinique during the early nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Spicara martinicus (Valenciennes, 1830)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Squalidus intermedius","v":"Yellow River gudgeon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Yellow River gudgeon (Squalidus intermedius) is known only from its type locality near the town of Jinan, in the Yellow River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Squalidus intermedius (Nichols, 1929)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stemonosudis bullisi","v":"Bullis' barracudina","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Bullis' barracudina (Stemonosudis bullisi) is known only from a single specimen collected from deep waters in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stemonosudis bullisi Rofen, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stomatorhinus schoutedeni","v":"Schouteden's mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The lower Congo","e":"Schouteden's mormyrid (Stomatorhinus schoutedeni) is known only from its original collection from the lower Congo River in the 1940s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stomatorhinus schoutedeni Poll, 1945","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sturisoma caquetae","v":"Caquetá armoured catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Caquetá armoured catfish (Sturisoma caquetae) is known only from its original collection during the 1940s from the upper Caquetá River drainage of southwestern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sturisoma caquetae (Fowler, 1945)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis camelopardalis","v":"Tshuapa squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tshuapa squeaker catfish (Synodontis camelopardalis) is known only from its original collection in 1971.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis camelopardalis Poll, 1971","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis iturii","v":"Ituri squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Ituri / Aruwimi River","e":"The Ituri squeaker catfish (Synodontis iturii) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis iturii Steindachner, 1911","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis multimaculatus","v":"dotted squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The dotted squeaker catfish (Synodontis multimaculatus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the early twentieth century from northern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis multimaculatus Boulenger, 1902","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis robbianus","v":"russet squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The russet squeaker catfish (Synodontis robbianus) is known only from its original collection in 1875 from the Calabar River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis robbianus Smith, 1875","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Taenioides kentalleni","v":"Persian Gulf eel goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Persian Gulf eel goby (Taenioides kentalleni) is known only from a single specimen collected in Ras Az Zawr Bay, Saudi Arabia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Taenioides kentalleni Murdy & Randall, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tanyemblemaria alleni","v":"slender blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The slender blenny (Tanyemblemaria alleni) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1990 from the Pearl Islands in the Gulf of Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tanyemblemaria alleni Hastings, 1992","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tariqilabeo bicornis","v":"bihorned barbel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The bihorned barbel (Tariqilabeo bicornis) is known only from a single specimen collected from the upper Salween River in the 1970s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tariqilabeo bicornis (Wu, 1977)","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tomicodon clarkei","v":"coral clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, also known as the Great Mayan Reef","e":"The coral clingfish (Tomicodon clarkei) is known only from a single specimen collected from a shallow, dead coral reef off Carrie Bow Cay, Belize.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tomicodon clarkei Williams & Tyler, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Torquigener hicksi","v":"Hick's toadfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Hick's toadfish (Torquigener hicksi) is known only from a single specimen collected off Morton Bay, Queensland.","l":"dd","iucn":"Torquigener hicksi Hardy, 1983","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Umbrina imberbis","v":"Günther's drum","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Günther's drum (Umbrina imberbis) is known only from a single specimen collected during the late nineteenth century off the coast of northern Chile.","l":"dd","iucn":"Umbrina imberbis Günther, 1873","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Uroconger drachi","v":"Drach's conger eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Drach's conger eel (Uroconger drachi) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1970s from deep waters off the coast of the Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Uroconger drachi (Blache & Bauchot, 1976)","sil":true,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenisthmus chapmani","v":"Chapman's sleeper goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Chapman's sleeper goby (Xenisthmus chapmani) is known only from a single specimen collected from Espiritu Santo harbour, Vanuatu during the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenisthmus chapmani (Schultz, 1966)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xyrichtys rajagopalani","v":"Rajagopalan's razorfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Rajagopalan's razorfish (Xyrichtys rajagopalani) is known only from its original collection during the 1980s along coastal southwestern India.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xyrichtys rajagopalani Venkataramanujam, Venkataramani & Ramanathan, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Zenarchopterus alleni","v":"Allen's river garfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Allen's river garfish (Zenarchopterus alleni) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Mamberamo River in 1982.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zenarchopterus alleni Collette, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Afrixalus schneideri","v":"Schneider's leaf-folding frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Schneider's leaf-folding frog (Afrixalus schneideri) is known only from its original collection in the late nineteenth century in what is now the city of Douala, western Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Afrixalus schneideri (Boettger, 1899)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Agalychnis danieli","v":"Antioquia leaf frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Antioquia leaf frog (Agalychnis danieli) is known only from a single specimen collected from western Colombia (Antioquia department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Agalychnis danieli (Ruíz-Carranza, Hernandez-Camacho & Rueda-Almonacid, 1988)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Alsodes monticola","v":"Inchy spiny-chest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Inchy spiny-chest frog (Alsodes monticola) is known only from its original collection during the 1840s from Inchy Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Alsodes monticola Bell, 1843","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amolops kaulbacki","v":"Kaulback's cascade frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Kaulback's cascade frog (Amolops kaulbacki) is known only from its original collection in 1940 from northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amolops kaulbacki (Smith, 1940)","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amolops longimanus","v":"Kambaiti cascade frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kambaiti cascade frog (Amolops longimanus) is known only from its original collection in 1939 from northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amolops longimanus (Andersson, 1939)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Arthroleptis bivittatus","v":"Tumbo screeching frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tumbo screeching frog (Arthroleptis bivittatus) is known only from a single specimen collected from Tumbo Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arthroleptis bivittatus Müller, 1885","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Arthroleptis nimbaensis","v":"Nimba screeching frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Nimba screeching frog (Arthroleptis nimbaensis) is known only from its original collection on Mount Richard-Molard in the mid-twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arthroleptis nimbaensis Angel, 1950","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atelopus chirripoensis","v":"Chirripó stubfoot toad","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Chirripó stubfoot toad (Atelopus chirripoensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1980 from a temporary pond in montane grassland, about four kilometres north of Mount Chirripó.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atelopus chirripoensis Savage & Bolaños, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Austrochaperina kosarek","v":"Kosarek land frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kosarek land frog (Austrochaperina kosarek) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1979 from west-central New Guinea (Papua province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Austrochaperina kosarek Zweifel, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Caecilia inca","v":"Fundo Sinchona caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Fundo Sinchona caecilian (Caecilia inca) is known only from a single specimen collected from an imprecise locality in central Peru (Loreto department) in 1944.","l":"dd","iucn":"Caecilia inca Taylor, 1973","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Callulops boettgeri","v":"Boettger's callulops frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Boettger's callulops frog (Callulops boettgeri) is known only from a single specimen collected in northern Halmahera in 1894.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callulops boettgeri (Méhelÿ, 1901)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Callulops kopsteini","v":"Kopstein's callulops frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Sanana","e":"Kopstein's callulops frog (Callulops kopsteini) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1930.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callulops kopsteini (Mertens, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Centrolene azulae","v":"Azul giant glass frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Azul giant glass frog (Centrolene azulae) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1966 from an isolated cloud forest in Huánuco department.","l":"dd","iucn":"Centrolene azulae (Flores & McDiarmid, 1989)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Choerophryne variegata","v":"variegated narrow-mouthed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The variegated narrow-mouthed frog (Choerophryne variegata) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1923 from an imprecise locality in southwestern New Guinea (Papua province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Choerophryne variegata (Van Kampen, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cornufer gigas","v":"Lake Loloru wrinkled ground frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Lake Loloru wrinkled ground frog (Cornufer gigas) is known only from its original collection in 1970 from a single locality in southern Bougainville.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cornufer gigas (Brown & Parker, 1970)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Craugastor cuaquero","v":"Puntarenas rain frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Puntarenas rain frog (Craugastor cuaquero) is known only from its type locality at Monteverde (Puntarenas province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Craugastor cuaquero (Savage, 1980)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Crotaphatrema bornmuelleri","v":"Bornmüller's caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Bornmüller's caecilian (Crotaphatrema bornmuelleri) is a type of burrowing, limbless amphibian known only from a single specimen collected from an undefined locality in southwestern Cameroon in the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crotaphatrema bornmuelleri (Werner, 1899)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendrobates nubeculosus","v":"Rockstone poison dart frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Rockstone poison dart frog (Dendrobates nubeculosus) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1980s along the upper Essequibo River in north-central Guyana.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrobates nubeculosus Jungfer and Böhme, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendropsophus grandisonae","v":"Mazaruni yellow tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Mazaruni yellow tree frog (Dendropsophus grandisonae) is known only from its original collection in 1966 from an undefined locality in Guyana.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendropsophus grandisonae (Goin, 1966)","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Duttaphrynus sumatranus","v":"Sumatran toad","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Sumatran toad (Duttaphrynus sumatranus) is known only from its original collection during the nineteenth century in central-western Sumatra (Sumatera Barat province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Duttaphrynus sumatranus (Peters, 1871)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Duttaphrynus valhallae","v":"Weh toad","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Weh toad (Duttaphrynus valhallae) is known only from a single specimen, and is possibly extinct.","l":"dd","iucn":"Duttaphrynus valhallae (Meade-Waldo, 1909)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria","v":"phantasmagorical fringe-limbed tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Terra firma","e":"The phantasmagorical fringe-limbed tree frog (Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1940s from an imprecise locality in northwestern Colombia (Antioquia or Bolívar department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ecnomiohyla phantasmagoria (Dunn, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Epipedobates espinosai","v":"Espinosa's poison dart frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Espinosa's poison dart frog (Epipedobates espinosai) is known only from its original collection in the 1950s in northwestern Ecuador (Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Epipedobates espinosai (Funkhouser, 1956)","sil":true,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Fejervarya pulla","v":"Penang Hill frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Penang Hill frog (Fejervarya pulla) is known only from its original collection in 1870.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fejervarya pulla (Stoliczka, 1870)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Fejervarya schlueteri","v":"Schlueter's frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Schlueter's frog (Fejervarya schlueteri) is known only from a single specimen collected during the nineteenth century from an unspecified locality in Borneo.","l":"ne","iucn":"Fejervarya schlueteri","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gastrotheca flamma","v":"Jibóia marsupial frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Jibóia marsupial frog (Gastrotheca flamma) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Jibóia Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gastrotheca flamma Juncá & Nunes, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gastrotheca williamsoni","v":"Williamson's marsupial frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Terra firma","e":"Williamson's marsupial frog (Gastrotheca williamsoni) is known only from its original collection in 1922 from northern coastal Venezuela (Carabobo state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gastrotheca williamsoni Gaige, 1922","sil":true,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gracixalus medogensis","v":"Medog foam-nest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Medog foam-nest tree frog (Gracixalus medogensis) is only known from a single specimen collected in southeastern Tibet.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gracixalus medogensis (Ye & Hu, 1984)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Haddadus plicifer","v":"Igaraçu robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Igaraçu robber frog (Haddadus plicifer) is known only from its original collection during the late nineteenth century from coastal eastern Brazil (Pernambuco).","l":"dd","iucn":"Haddadus plicifer (Boulenger, 1888)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyla imitator","v":"imitator treefrog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The imitator treefrog (Hyla imitator) is known only from a single specimen collected during the early twentieth century in west-central Brazil (Amazonas).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyla imitator (Barbour & Dunn, 1921)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyla nicefori","v":"Nicefor's frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Nicefor's frog (Hyla nicefori) is known only from a single specimen collected from north-central Colombia (Casanare department) in the 1940s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyla nicefori (Cochran & Goin, 1970)","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hymenochirus feae","v":"Fea's dwarf clawed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Fea's dwarf clawed frog (Hymenochirus feae) is known only from its original collection from the central coast of Gabon in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hymenochirus feae Boulenger, 1906","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyperolius atrigularis","v":"Marungu reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Marungu reed frog (Hyperolius atrigularis) is known only from its original collection in the 1940s, in montane grassland of the Marungu Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius atrigularis Laurent, 1941","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyperolius xenorhinus","v":"Teye reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Mount Teye","e":"The Teye reed frog (Hyperolius xenorhinus) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Teye.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius xenorhinus Laurent, 1972","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ichthyophis billitonensis","v":"Belitung caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Belitung caecilian (Ichthyophis billitonensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis billitonensis Taylor, 1965","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ichthyophis singaporensis","v":"Singapore caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Singapore caecilian (Ichthyophis singaporensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the mid-twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis singaporensis Taylor, 1960","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Isthmohyla xanthosticta","v":"South Fork tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The South Fork tree frog (Isthmohyla xanthosticta) is known only from its type locality, the south fork of the Río Las Vueltas on the south slope of Barva Volcano at 2,100 metres.","l":"dd","iucn":"Isthmohyla xanthosticta (Duellman, 1968)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Kalophrynus eok","v":"Eok sticky frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Eok sticky frog (Kalophrynus eok) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Kelabit Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kalophrynus eok Das & Haas, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Laurentophryne parkeri","v":"Parker's tree toad","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Parker's tree toad (Laurentophryne parkeri) is known only from its original collection in montane forest near       Mwengwa in 1951.","l":"dd","iucn":"Laurentophryne parkeri (Laurent, 1950)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptobrachella natunae","v":"Great Natuna dwarf litter frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Great Natuna dwarf litter frog (Leptobrachella natunae) is known only from its original collection in 1895.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptobrachella natunae (Günther, 1895)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptodactylus hylodes","v":"Sergipe ditch frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Sergipe ditch frog (Leptodactylus hylodes) is known only from a single specimen collected during the mid-nineteenth century in eastern coastal Brazil (Sergipe).","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptodactylus hylodes (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptopelis crystallinoron","v":"Crystal Mountains forest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Crystal Mountains forest tree frog (Leptopelis crystallinoron) was long known only from a single specimen, until five more were collected in 2009 from Crystal Mountains National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptopelis crystallinoron Lötters, Rödel & Burger, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptopelis jordani","v":"Congulu forest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Congulu forest tree frog (Leptopelis jordani) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1934 from central-western Angola (Cuanza Sul province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptopelis jordani Parker, 1936","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Litoria capitula","v":"Saumlaki frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Yamdena","e":"The Saumlaki frog (Litoria capitula) is known only from its original collection in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria capitula (Tyler, 1968)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Litoria jeudii","v":"Jeud's frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Jeud's frog (Litoria jeudii) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1901 from an undefined locality in northern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria jeudii (Werner, 1901)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Litoria mystax","v":"Moaif frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Moaif frog (Litoria mystax) is known only from its original collection in 1906 from northeastern coastal Papua province, Indonesia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria mystax (van Kampen, 1906)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Litoria obtusirostris","v":"Jobi frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Jobi frog (Litoria obtusirostris) is known only from its original collection on Yapen in 1875.","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria obtusirostris Meyer, 1875","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Megaelosia bocainensis","v":"Bocaina big-tooth frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Bocaina big-tooth frog (Megaelosia bocainensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from Serra de Bocaina National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Megaelosia bocainensis Giaretta, Bokermann & Haddad, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Meristogenys macrophthalmus","v":"large-eyed torrent frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The large-eyed torrent frog (Meristogenys macrophthalmus) is known only from a single specimen collected in central Sarawak (Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Meristogenys macrophthalmus (Matsui, 1986)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Microhyla nanapollexa","v":"thumbless rice frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The thumbless rice frog (Microhyla nanapollexa) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount       Ngoc Linh.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microhyla nanapollexa Bain & Nguyen, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mimosiphonops reinhardti","v":"Reinhardt's caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Reinhardt's caecilian (Mimosiphonops reinhardti) is only known from a single specimen collected in 1878 from an undefined locality, believed to have been somewhere in eastern Brazil.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mimosiphonops reinhardti Wilkinson & Nussbaum, 1992","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Noblella duellmani","v":"Cillapata Noble frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Cillapata Noble frog (Noblella duellmani) is known only from a single specimen collected from south-central Peru (Pasco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Noblella duellmani (Lehr, Aguilar & Lundberg, 2004)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nyctimystes montanus","v":"Arfak big-eyed tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Arfak big-eyed tree frog (Nyctimystes montanus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1878 from the Arfak Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nyctimystes montanus (Peters & Doria, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Odorrana leporipes","v":"Longdao odorous frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Longdao odorous frog (Odorrana leporipes) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century from Mount Longdao.","l":"dd","iucn":"Odorrana leporipes (Werner, 1930)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oscaecilia elongata","v":"Yavisa caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Yavisa caecilian (Oscaecilia elongata) is known only from its original collection in the 1940s from eastern Panama (Darién province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oscaecilia elongata (Dunn, 1942)","sil":true,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Philautus cinerascens","v":"ashy shrub frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The ashy shrub frog (Philautus cinerascens) is known only from its original collection during the late nineteenth century from peninsular Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Philautus cinerascens (Stoliczka, 1870)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Philautus tytthus","v":"Htingnan shrub frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Htingnan shrub frog (Philautus tytthus) is known only from its original collection in northern Myanmar in 1940.","l":"dd","iucn":"Philautus tytthus Smith, 1940","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus","v":"Ahl's puddle frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Ahl's puddle frog (Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century in what is now the city of Luanda, northwestern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phrynobatrachus brevipalmatus (Ahl, 1925)","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pristimantis turik","v":"Mesa Turik robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Mesa Turik robber frog (Pristimantis turik) is known only from a single specimen collected in western Venezuela (Zulia state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristimantis turik Barrio-Amorós, Rojas-Runjaic & Infante, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis","v":"Miahuatlán spike-thumb tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Miahuatlán spike-thumb tree frog (Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Miahuatlán Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sarcohyla miahuatlanensis (Meik, Smith, Canseco-Márquez & Campbell, 2006)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Uperoleia marmorata","v":"marbled frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The marbled frog (Uperoleia marmorata) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1841 from an undefined locality in northern Australia (northeastern Western Australia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Uperoleia marmorata Gray, 1841","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Xenorhina ophiodon","v":"Hatam fanged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Hatam fanged frog (Xenorhina ophiodon) is known only from its original collection in 1878 from the Arfak Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenorhina ophiodon (Peters & Doria, 1878)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenorhina subcrocea","v":"Lae fanged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Lae fanged frog (Xenorhina subcrocea) is known only from its original collection in 1977 from eastern coastal Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenorhina subcrocea (Menzies & Tyler, 1977)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Caprimulgus centralasicus","v":"Vaurie's nightjar","c":"Aves","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Vaurie's nightjar (Caprimulgus centralasicus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the mid-twentieth century.","l":"ne","iucn":"Caprimulgus centralasicus","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Caprimulgus prigoginei","v":"Prigogine's nightjar","c":"Aves","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Prigogine's nightjar (Caprimulgus prigoginei) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Itombwe       Mountains in 1955, although subsequent sound recordings indicate that it may be much more widespread in       equatorial Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Caprimulgus prigoginei Louette, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Erythropitta meeki","v":"Meek's pitta","c":"Aves","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Meek's pitta (Erythropitta meeki) is a type of passerine bird scientifically known only from a single specimen collected in 1898.","l":"dd","iucn":"Erythropitta meeki (Rothschild, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Petrochelidon perdita","v":"Red Sea cliff swallow","c":"Aves","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Red Sea cliff swallow (Petrochelidon perdita) is known only from a single specimen found dead in 1984 at Sanganeb lighthouse, northeast of Port Sudan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Petrochelidon perdita (Fry & Smith, 1985)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phodilus prigoginei","v":"Congo bay owl","c":"Aves","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Congo bay owl (Phodilus prigoginei) was long known only from a single specimen collected in 1951 at Muusi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phodilus prigoginei Schouteden, 1952","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Setopagis maculosa","v":"Cayenne nightjar","c":"Aves","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Cayenne nightjar (Setopagis maculosa) is known with certainty only from a single specimen collected in French Guiana in 1917.","l":"dd","iucn":"Setopagis maculosa (Todd, 1920)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tityra leucura","v":"white-tailed tityra","c":"Aves","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Terra firma","e":"The white-tailed tityra (Tityra leucura) is a type of passerine bird long known only from a single specimen collected in 1829 in south-central Brazil (Mato Grosso).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tityra leucura von Pelzeln, 1868","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Amblyraja reversa","v":"reversed skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The reversed skate (Amblyraja reversa) is known only from a single specimen collected off the coast of Pakistan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyraja reversa (Lloyd, 1906)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Asymbolus funebris","v":"blotched catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The blotched catshark (Asymbolus funebris) is known only from a single specimen collected off Cape Leeuwin, Western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Asymbolus funebris Compagno, Stevens & Last, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aulohalaelurus kanakorum","v":"New Caledonian catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The New Caledonia Barrier Reef surrounds Grande Terre, New Caledonia's largest i","e":"The New Caledonian catshark (Aulohalaelurus kanakorum) is known only from a single specimen and two             photographs, taken from a southwestern New Caledonian lagoon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aulohalaelurus kanakorum Séret, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Brochiraja aenigma","v":"enigma skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Wanganella Bank, part of the Norfolk Ridge","e":"The enigma skate (Brochiraja aenigma) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Wanganella Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brochiraja aenigma Last & McEachran, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bythaelurus incanus","v":"","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"It is protected within the Australian-administered Ashmore Reef Marine Park The sombre catshark (Bythaelurus incanus) is known only from a single specimen collected from deep waters off Ashmore Reef.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bythaelurus incanus Last & Stevens, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Heteronarce prabhui","v":"Quilon electric ray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Quilon electric ray (Heteronarce prabhui) is known only from a single specimen collected off southwestern India.","l":"ne","iucn":"Heteronarce prabhui","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Makararaja chindwinensis","v":"Chindwin freshwater stingray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Chindwin freshwater stingray (Makararaja chindwinensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Chindwin River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Makararaja chindwinensis Roberts, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Okamejei mengae","v":"Meng's skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The South China Sea","e":"Meng's skate (Okamejei mengae) is known only from a single specimen collected off the southern coast of China (Guangdong).","l":"dd","iucn":"Okamejei mengae Jeong, Nakabo & Wu, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parmaturus bigus","v":"short-tail catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The short-tail catshark (Parmaturus bigus) is known only from a single specimen collected from near the Saumarez Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parmaturus bigus Séret & Last, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Raja pita","v":"Pita skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Western Indo-Pacific","e":"The Pita skate (Raja pita) is known only from a single specimen collected from the tidal mudflats of the Tigris / Euphrates drainage delta.","l":"dd","iucn":"Raja pita Fricke & Al-Hassan, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scyliorhinus comoroensis","v":"Comoros catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Western Indo-Pacific","e":"The Comoros catshark (Scyliorhinus comoroensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from deep waters off Grande Comore, in the Comoros Islands, as well as from photographs taken from deepwater submersible surveys.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scyliorhinus comoroensis Compagno, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Urobatis marmoratus","v":"Chilean round stingray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Chilean round stingray (Urobatis marmoratus) is known only from a single specimen collected off north-central Chile in 1893.","l":"dd","iucn":"Urobatis marmoratus (Philippi, 1892)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Batomys dentatus","v":"large-toothed hairy-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Cordillera Central","e":"The large-toothed hairy-tailed rat (Batomys dentatus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the early twentieth century from the Cordillera Central.","l":"dd","iucn":"Batomys dentatus Miller, 1911","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Calcochloris tytonis","v":"Somali golden mole","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Somali golden mole (Calcochloris tytonis) is known only from a single specimen (partial owl pellet remains) collected near Mogadishu, Somalia, in 1964.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calcochloris tytonis (Simonetta, 1968)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Carpomys melanurus","v":"short-footed Luzon tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Cordillera Central","e":"The short-footed Luzon tree rat (Carpomys melanurus) was long known only from a single specimen collected from Mount Data in the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Carpomys melanurus Thomas, 1895","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chimarrogale sumatrana","v":"Sumatran water shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Sumatran water shrew (Chimarrogale sumatrana) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Padang Highlands in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chimarrogale sumatrana (Thomas, 1921)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chrotomys sibuyanensis","v":"Sibuyan striped shrew-rat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Sibuyan","e":"The Sibuyan striped shrew-rat (Chrotomys sibuyanensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from Sibuyan in 1992.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chrotomys sibuyanensis Rickart, Heaney, Goodman & Jansa, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chrysochloris visagiei","v":"Visagie's golden mole","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The karoo","e":"Visagie's golden mole (Chrysochloris visagiei) is known only from a single specimen collected from an area of Northern Cape province that has since been dramatically disrupted by agriculture.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chrysochloris visagiei Broom, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Congosorex polli","v":"greater Congo shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Terra firma","e":"The greater Congo shrew (Congosorex polli) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1950s at   Lubondai, in southern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Congosorex polli (Heim de Balsac & Lamotte, 1956)","sil":true,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crateromys paulus","v":"Ilin bush-tailed cloud rat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Ilin bush-tailed cloud rat (Crateromys paulus) is known only from a single specimen said to have been collected on Ilin, a small island located just south of Mindoro, in 1953.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crateromys paulus Musser & Gordon, 1981","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura polia","v":"fuscous shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The fuscous shrew (Crocidura polia) is known only from its original collection in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura polia Hollister, 1916","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura ultima","v":"ultimate shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The ultimate shrew (Crocidura ultima) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century from the Jombeni Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura ultima Dollman, 1915","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Crunomys fallax","v":"Luzon shrew-mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Luzon","e":"The Luzon shrew-mouse (Crunomys fallax) is known only from a single specimen collected in the late nineteenth century from northeastern Luzon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crunomys fallax Thomas, 1897","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crunomys suncoides","v":"Kitanglad shrew mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kitanglad shrew mouse (Crunomys suncoides) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1993 from Mount Kitanglad.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crunomys suncoides Rickart, Heaney, Tabaranza Jr. & Balete, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cuscomys ashaninka","v":"Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Asháninka arboreal chinchilla rat (Cuscomys ashaninka) is known only from a single specimen collected in the late 1990s from the Vilcabamba Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cuscomys ashaninka Emmons, 1999","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendromus vernayi","v":"Vernay's climbing mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Vernay's climbing mouse (Dendromus vernayi) is known only from its original collection in the 1930s from east-central Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendromus vernayi Hill & Carter, 1937","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eptesicus tatei","v":"sombre serotine bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The sombre serotine bat (Eptesicus tatei) is known only from its original collection in 1951 from northeastern India (West Bengal).","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptesicus tatei Ellerman & Morrison-Scott, 1951","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Euneomys fossor","v":"burrowing chinchilla mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The burrowing chinchilla mouse (Euneomys fossor) is known only from its original collection during the late nineteenth century from an undefined locality in northwestern Argentina (Salta province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Euneomys fossor (Thomas, 1899)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gerbillus brockmani","v":"Brockman's gerbil","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Brockman's gerbil (Gerbillus brockmani) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century from northwestern Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerbillus brockmani (Thomas, 1910)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hesperoptenus gaskelli","v":"Gaskell's false serotine bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Gaskell's false serotine bat (Hesperoptenus gaskelli) is known only from a single specimen collected in east-central coastal Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hesperoptenus gaskelli Hill, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hipposideros breviceps","v":"short-headed leaf-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The short-headed leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros breviceps) is known only from its original collection in 1941 from Pagai Utara.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hipposideros breviceps Tate, 1941","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hipposideros nequam","v":"Selangor leaf-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Selangor leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros nequam) is only known from a single specimen collected during the nineteenth century in southwestern peninsular Malaysia (Selangor state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hipposideros nequam K. Andersen, 1918","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hylopetes winstoni","v":"Sumatran flying squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Sumatran flying squirrel (Hylopetes winstoni) is known only from a single specimen collected in northern Sumatra (Aceh province) in 1949.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hylopetes winstoni (Sody, 1949)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsugo anthonyi","v":"Anthony's pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Anthony's pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo anthonyi) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1940s in northeastern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsugo anthonyi Tate, 1942","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsugo lophurus","v":"Burmese pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Burmese pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo lophurus) is known only from its original collection in 1915 from southern peninsular Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsugo lophurus Thomas, 1915","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Kerivoula eriophora","v":"Ethiopian woolly bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Ethiopian woolly bat (Kerivoula eriophora) is known only from its original collection in the late nineteenth century from northern Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kerivoula eriophora (Heuglin, 1877)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lemniscomys hoogstraali","v":"Hoogstraal's striped grass mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"East Sudanian Savanna consists of two main blocks in east-central Africa. The we","e":"Hoogstraal's striped grass mouse (Lemniscomys hoogstraali) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1961 from what is now northeastern South Sudan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lemniscomys hoogstraali Dieterlen, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lonchophylla orcesi","v":"Orcés' long-tongued bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Orcés' long-tongued bat (Lonchophylla orcesi) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1985.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lonchophylla orcesi Albuja & Gardner, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Micronycteris giovanniae","v":"Giovanni's big-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Giovanni's big-eared bat (Micronycteris giovanniae) is known only from a single specimen collected in northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micronycteris giovanniae Baker & Fonseca, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mops niangarae","v":"Niangara free-tailed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Niangara free-tailed bat (Mops niangarae) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1917 from northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mops niangarae J.A. Allen, 1917","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mustela tonkinensis","v":"Tonkin weasel","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tonkin weasel (Mustela tonkinensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Hoang Lien Son Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mustela tonkinensis Björkegren, 1941","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Myosorex schalleri","v":"Schaller's mouse shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Schaller's mouse shrew (Myosorex schalleri) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Itombwe       Mountains in 1966.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myosorex schalleri Heim de Balsac, 1966","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myotis oreias","v":"Singapore mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Singapore mouse-eared bat (Myotis oreias) is known only from a single specimen purported to have been collected on Singapore.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis oreias (Temminck, 1840)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Neacomys pictus","v":"painted bristly mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The painted bristly mouse (Neacomys pictus) is known only from its original collection during the early twentieth century from eastern Panama (Darién province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Neacomys pictus Goldman, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nyctimene sanctacrucis","v":"Nendö tube-nosed fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Nendö","e":"The Nendö tube-nosed fruit bat (Nyctimene sanctacrucis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nyctimene sanctacrucis Troughton, 1931","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nyctophilus heran","v":"Lembata long-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Lembata long-eared bat (Nyctophilus heran) is only known from a single specimen collected from Lembata.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nyctophilus heran Kitchener, How & Maharadatunkamsi, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Otomops johnstonei","v":"Johnstone's mastiff bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Johnstone's mastiff bat (Otomops johnstonei) is known only from a single specimen collected on Alor Island in 1991.","l":"dd","iucn":"Otomops johnstonei Kitchener, How & Maryanto, 1992","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paracrocidura graueri","v":"Grauer's large-headed shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Grauer's large-headed shrew (Paracrocidura graueri) is known only from a single specimen collected in the       Itombwe Mountains in 1908.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracrocidura graueri Hutterer, 1986","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Petaurillus emiliae","v":"lesser pygmy flying squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The lesser pygmy flying squirrel (Petaurillus emiliae) was long known only from a single specimen collected in 1901 from northern Sarawak (Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Petaurillus emiliae Thomas, 1908","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pipistrellus minahassae","v":"Minahasa pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Minahasa pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus minahassae) is known with certainty only from a single specimen collected from the Minahassa Peninsula (Sulawesi Utara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pipistrellus minahassae (Meyer, 1899)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Pipistrellus permixtus","v":"Dar-es-salaam pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The East African coastal forests","e":"It is threatened by loss of habitat and capture for use in “traditional medicine.” The Dar-es-salaam pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus permixtus) is known only from a single specimen collected from coastal forest in Tanzania in the 1950s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pipistrellus permixtus Aellen, 1957","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pithecheirops otion","v":"Bornean tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Bornean tree rat (Pithecheirops otion) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Danum Valley of northern Borneo (northeastern Sabah, Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pithecheirops otion Emmons, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudohydromys musseri","v":"Musser's shrew mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Musser's shrew mouse (Pseudohydromys musseri) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount       Somoro in 1972.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudohydromys musseri (Flannery, 1989)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinolophus mitratus","v":"mitred horseshoe bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The mitred horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus mitratus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1844 from northeastern India (Jharkhand).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinolophus mitratus Blyth, 1844","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhinolophus sakejiensis","v":"Sakeji horseshoe bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"“Miombo”","e":"The Sakeji horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sakejiensis) is known only from its original collection in northwestern Zambia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinolophus sakejiensis Cotterill, 2002","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhipidomys ochrogaster","v":"yellow-bellied climbing mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The yellow-bellied climbing mouse (Rhipidomys ochrogaster) was long known only from its original collection in 1901 from southeastern Peru (Puno department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhipidomys ochrogaster J.A. Allen, 1901","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Solomys salamonis","v":"Ugi naked-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Ugi naked-tailed rat (Solomys salamonis) is known only from a single specimen collected on the islet of Ugi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Solomys salamonis (Ramsay, 1883)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sturnira mistratensis","v":"Mistrato yellow-shouldered bat","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Mistrato yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira mistratensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from western Colombia (Risaralda department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sturnira mistratensis Vega & Cadena, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Suncus ater","v":"black pygmy white-toothed shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The black pygmy white-toothed shrew (Suncus ater) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Kinabalu in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Suncus ater Medway, 1965","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Surdisorex schlitteri","v":"Elgon mole shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Mount Elgon","e":"The Elgon mole shrew (Surdisorex schlitteri) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Elgon in 1984.","l":"dd","iucn":"Surdisorex schlitteri Kerbis Peterhans, Stanley, Hutterer, Demos & Agwanda, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus ancon","v":"Colombian hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Colombian hagfish (Eptatretus ancon) is an eel-like species known only from a single specimen collected off the coast of northern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus ancon (Mok, Saavedra-Diaz & Acero P., 2001)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus astrolabium","v":"Astrolabe hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Bismarck Sea","e":"The Astrolabe hagfish (Eptatretus astrolabium) is an eel-like species known only from a single specimen collected in Astrolabe Bay, New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus astrolabium Fernholm & Mincarone, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus eos","v":"Eos hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Eos hagfish (Eptatretus eos) is an eel-like species known only from a single specimen collected in the Tasman Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus eos Fernholm, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus rubicundus","v":"red hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The red hagfish (Eptatretus rubicundus) is known only from a single specimen collected off the northeastern coast of Taiwan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus rubicundus Kuo, Lee & Mok, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Abronia bogerti","v":"Bogert's arboreal alligator lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Bogert's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia bogerti) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1954 from the Atravesada Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abronia bogerti Tihen, 1954","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Abronia mitchelli","v":"Mitchell's arboreal alligator lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Mitchell's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia mitchelli) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Pelón.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abronia mitchelli Campbell, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Abronia ochoterenai","v":"Santa Rosa arboreal alligator lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Santa Rosa arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia ochoterenai) is known only from its original collection in the 1930s from Chiapas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abronia ochoterenai (Martin del Campo, 1939)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Afrotyphlops kaimosae","v":"Kakamega blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Kakamega Forest","e":"The Kakamega blind snake (Afrotyphlops kaimosae) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Kakamega Forest in 1935.","l":"dd","iucn":"Afrotyphlops kaimosae (Loveridge, 1935)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Afrotyphlops nanus","v":"Kenyan dwarf blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kenyan dwarf blind snake (Afrotyphlops nanus) is known only from its original collection during the nineteenth century from arid bushland in southeastern Kenya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Afrotyphlops nanus Broadley & Wallach, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Agamodon arabicus","v":"Arabian worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Arabian worm lizard (Agamodon arabicus) is known only from a single specimen collected in southern Yemen in 1901.","l":"dd","iucn":"Agamodon arabicus Anderson, 1901","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aipysurus tenuis","v":"brown-lined sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The brown-lined sea snake (Aipysurus tenuis) is known only from its original collection during the early twentieth century and by a few mostly dead specimens collected by trawlers off the northwestern coast of Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aipysurus tenuis Lönnberg & Andersson, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Amblyodipsas teitana","v":"Taita purple-glossed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Taita purple-glossed snake (Amblyodipsas teitana) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Taita Hills in 1936.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyodipsas teitana Broadley, 1971","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amphisbaena neglecta","v":"neglected worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The cerrado","e":"The neglected worm lizard (Amphisbaena neglecta) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1930s from south-central Brazil (Mato Grosso).","l":"dd","iucn":"Amphisbaena neglecta Dunn & Piatt, 1936","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anolis baccatus","v":"Bocourt's anole","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Bocourt's anole (Anolis baccatus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1873 from an undefined locality in Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis baccatus Bocourt, 1873","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Anolis forbesi","v":"Forbes' anole","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Forbes' anole (Anolis forbesi) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1950s from west-central Puebla.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis forbesi Smith & Van Gelder, 1955","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anoplohydrus aemulans","v":"Ujungpadang snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Ujungpadang snake (Anoplohydrus aemulans) is known only from a single specimen collected in the early twentieth century from an imprecise locality in northwestern Sumatra (Aceh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Anoplohydrus aemulans Werner, 1909","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Arcanumophis problematicus","v":"San Juan false coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The San Juan false coral snake (Arcanumophis problematicus) is known only from its original collection in the 1980s from southeastern Peru (Puno department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Arcanumophis problematicus (Myers, 1986)","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Atheris hirsuta","v":"Taï hairy bush viper","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Taï Forest in southwestern Ivory Coast","e":"The Taï hairy bush viper (Atheris hirsuta) is known only from its original collection in Taï National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atheris hirsuta Ernst & Rödel, 2002","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Atractus acheronius","v":"Perija? ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Perija? ground snake (Atractus acheronius) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1950.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus acheronius Passos, Fuenmayor & Barrios-Amorós, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus ayeush","v":"Ayeush ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Ayeush ground snake (Atractus ayeush) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Parupano Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus ayeush Esqueda, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus balzani","v":"Balzan's ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Balzan's ground snake (Atractus balzani) is known only from its original collection from Yungas forest in northwestern Bolivia (La Paz department) in 1891.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus balzani Boulenger, 1898","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus biseriatus","v":"two-lined ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The two-lined ground snake (Atractus biseriatus) is known only from its original collection in 1941 from west-central Colombia (Caldas department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus biseriatus Prado, 1941","sil":true,"thr":["development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Atractus darienensis","v":"Pirre ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Pirre ground snake (Atractus darienensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1966.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus darienensis Myers, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus depressiocellus","v":"Azul ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Azul ground snake (Atractus depressiocellus) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Azul.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus depressiocellus Myers, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Atractus hostilitractus","v":"Morti Hydro ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Morti Hydro ground snake (Atractus hostilitractus) is known only from a single specimen collected in eastern Panama (Darién province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus hostilitractus Myers, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus imperfectus","v":"Tabasará ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tabasará ground snake (Atractus imperfectus) is known only from a single specimen collected during the early twentieth century from the Piedras-Pacora Range in Panamá province.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus imperfectus Myers, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus macondo","v":"Salamanca ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Salamanca ground snake (Atractus macondo) is known only from a single specimen collected from coastal northwestern Colombia (Magdalena department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus macondo Passos, Lynch & Fernandes, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus nasutus","v":"Vereda La Lana ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Vereda La Lana ground snake (Atractus nasutus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1954 in northwestern Colombia (Antioquia department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus nasutus Passos, Fernandes & Lynch, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Atractus pauciscutatus","v":"little-scaled ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The little-scaled ground snake (Atractus pauciscutatus) is known only from its original collection within the Chanchamayo Valley of south-central Peru in 1943 (Junín department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus pauciscutatus Schmidt & Walker, 1943","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Atractus tamaensis","v":"Tamá ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tamá ground snake (Atractus tamaensis) is known only from its original collection in 1980 from western Venezuela (Táchira state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus tamaensis Esqueda & La Marca, 2005","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria battersbyi","v":"Battersby's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Battersby's reed snake (Calamaria battersbyi) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1960s from an imprecise locality in southwestern Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria battersbyi Inger & Marx, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria boesemani","v":"Boeseman's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Boeseman's reed snake (Calamaria boesemani) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1919 from the eastern peninsula (Sulawesi Tengah province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria boesemani Inger & Marx, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria doederleini","v":"Döderlein's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Döderlein's reed snake (Calamaria doederleini) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1902 from northeastern Sumatra (Sumatera Utara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria doederleini Gough, 1902","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria gialaiensis","v":"Gia Lai reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Gia Lai reed snake (Calamaria gialaiensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from Kon Ka Kinh National Park in Gia Lai province.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria gialaiensis Ziegler, Sang & Truong, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria joloensis","v":"Sulu reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Sulu reed snake (Calamaria joloensis) is known only from a single specimen collected from an indistinct locality within the Sulu Archipelago (possibly Jolo).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria joloensis Taylor, 1922","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Calamaria rebentischi","v":"Rebentisch's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Rebentisch's reed snake (Calamaria rebentischi) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1860 from coastal western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria rebentischi Bleeker, 1860","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria thanhi","v":"Thanh's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Thanh's reed snake (Calamaria thanhi) is known only from a single specimen collected near Phong Na-Ke Bang National Park in central Vietnam (Quang Binh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria thanhi Ziegler & Quyet, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Caledoniscincus cryptos","v":"cryptic litter skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The cryptic litter skink (Caledoniscincus cryptos) is known only from a single specimen collected from south-central Grande Terre (Provence Sud).","l":"dd","iucn":"Caledoniscincus cryptos Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chalcides pentadactylus","v":"five-fingered cylindrical skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The five-fingered cylindrical skink (Chalcides pentadactylus) is known only from a single specimen (since lost) collected in 1870 from the sandy banks of a tidal river in southwestern India (Kerala).","l":"dd","iucn":"Chalcides pentadactylus (Beddome, 1870)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Conophis morai","v":"Mora's snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Mora's snake (Conophis morai) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1999 from the southeastern slope of San Martín Tuxtla Volcano.","l":"dd","iucn":"Conophis morai Pérez-Higareda, López-Luna & Smith, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crotalus lannomi","v":"Autlán rattlesnake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"The Autlán rattlesnake (Crotalus lannomi) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1966 from southern Jalisco.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crotalus lannomi Tanner, 1966","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cynisca williamsi","v":"Williams' worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Williams' worm lizard (Cynisca williamsi) is known only from a single specimen collected in the early 1960s from west-central Ghana.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cynisca williamsi Gans, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Diploderma grahami","v":"Graham's lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Graham's lizard (Diploderma grahami) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1920s from an unspecified locality in central China (Sichuan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Diploderma grahami (Stejneger, 1924)","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Diporiphora convergens","v":"Crystal Creek two-lined dragon","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Crystal Creek two-lined dragon (Diporiphora convergens) is a type of agamid lizard known only from a single specimen collected from Crystal Creek, in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia (northeastern Western Australia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Diporiphora convergens Storr, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Emmochliophis fugleri","v":"Pinchinda snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Camilla's coral snake (Micrurus camilae) is known only from a few specimens collected in northwestern Colombia (Córdoba and Antioquia departments) The Pinchinda snake (Emmochliophis fugleri) is known only from a single specimen collected in northwestern Ecuador (Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Emmochliophis fugleri Fritts & Smith, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Emoia ahli","v":"Ahl's emo skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Ahl's emo skink (Emoia ahli) is known only from its original collection in 1932 from the upper Sepik River drainage in northwestern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Emoia ahli (Vogt, 1932)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Etheridgeum pulchrum","v":"Padang burrowing snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Padang burrowing snake (Etheridgeum pulchrum) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1924 from central-western coastal Sumatra (Sumatera Barat province), in what is now the major port city of Padang.","l":"dd","iucn":"Etheridgeum pulchrum (Werner, 1924)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ficimia ruspator","v":"Guerreran hook-nosed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"The Guerreran hook-nosed snake (Ficimia ruspator) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1940s from Guerrero state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ficimia ruspator Smith & Taylor, 1941","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Fimbrios smithi","v":"Smith's rough water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Smith's rough water snake (Fimbrios smithi) is known only from a single specimen collected from lowland karst forest in the Annamite Mountains of central Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fimbrios smithi Ziegler, David, Miralles, van Kien & Quang Truong, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gekko auriverrucosus","v":"Shanxi gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Shanxi gecko (Gekko auriverrucosus) is known only from a single specimen collected from north-central China (Shanxi).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gekko auriverrucosus Zhou & Liu, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis bellus","v":"Altos de Pacora earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Altos de Pacora earth snake (Geophis bellus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the mid-twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis bellus Myers, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis latifrontalis","v":"Alvarez earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Alvarez earth snake (Geophis latifrontalis) is known only from its original collection in the 1880s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis latifrontalis Garman, 1883","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis sallaei","v":"Sallae's earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"Sallae's earth snake (Geophis sallaei) is known only from its original collection in the 1890s from southern Oaxaca.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis sallaei Boulenger, 1894","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemidactylus megalops","v":"Parker's house gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Parker's house gecko (Hemidactylus megalops) is known only from its original collection in Somalia in the early 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemidactylus megalops Parker, 1932","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Heurnia ventromaculata","v":"Mamberamo water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Mamberamo water snake (Heurnia ventromaculata) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Mamberamo River in the 1920s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heurnia ventromaculata de Jong, 1926","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydrablabes praefrontalis","v":"Kinabalu water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kinabalu water snake (Hydrablabes praefrontalis) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Kinabalu in the 1890s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrablabes praefrontalis (Mocquard, 1890)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Hydromorphus dunni","v":"Dunn's water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Dunn's water snake (Hydromorphus dunni) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1942 from western Panama (Chiriquí province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydromorphus dunni Slevin, 1942","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsiglena unaocularus","v":"Clarión nightsnake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Clarión nightsnake (Hypsiglena unaocularus) was long known only from a single specimen collected by naturlist William Beebe in 1936.","l":"ne","iucn":"Hypsiglena unaocularus","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hypsilurus tenuicephalus","v":"Papua Barat forest dragon","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Papua Barat forest dragon (Hypsilurus tenuicephalus) is known only from a single specimen exported for commerce, reportedly collected somewhere within the highlands of western New Guinea (Papua Barat province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsilurus tenuicephalus Manthey & Denzer, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ichnotropis tanganicana","v":"Tanzanian rough-scaled lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"“Miombo”","e":"The Tanzanian rough-scaled lizard (Ichnotropis tanganicana) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1917 from an undefined locality east of Lake Tanganyika in western Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichnotropis tanganicana Boulenger, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Iguanognathus werneri","v":"spatula-toothed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The spatula-toothed snake (Iguanognathus werneri) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1898 from an unspecified locality in Sumatra.","l":"dd","iucn":"Iguanognathus werneri Boulenger, 1898","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Indotyphlops exiguus","v":"Belgaum worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Belgaum worm snake (Indotyphlops exiguus) is known only from its original collection during the nineteenth century within the Western Ghats (Karnataka).","l":"dd","iucn":"Indotyphlops exiguus (Jan, 1864)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ithycyphus blanci","v":"Blanc's night snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"Blanc's night snake (Ithycyphus blanci) is a venomous species known only from a single specimen collected from lowland rainforest within Marojejy National Park, northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ithycyphus blanci Domergue, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Kaestlea palnica","v":"Palani ground skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Palani ground skink (Kaestlea palnica) is known only from its original collection at two localities within the Palani Hills in the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kaestlea palnica (Boettger, 1892)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Kaieteurosaurus hindsi","v":"Hinds' lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Terra firma","e":"Hinds' lizard (Kaieteurosaurus hindsi) is known only from a single specimen collected in Kaieteur National Park, central Guyana.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kaieteurosaurus hindsi Kok, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Latastia ornata","v":"ornate long-tailed lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The ornate long-tailed lizard (Latastia ornata) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1938 from northwestern Guinea-Bissau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Latastia ornata Monard, 1940","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidoblepharis microlepis","v":"Noble's scaly-eyed dwarf gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Noble's scaly-eyed dwarf gecko (Lepidoblepharis microlepis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1923 from northwestern Colombia (Antioquia department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidoblepharis microlepis (Noble, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidodactylus shebae","v":"Lunga River scaly-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Lunga River scaly-toed gecko (Lepidodactylus shebae) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1944.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidodactylus shebae (Brown & Tanner, 1949)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptophis haileyi","v":"Hailey's parrot snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Tobago","e":"Hailey's parrot snake (Leptophis haileyi) is known only from a single specimen collected in 2013 from northeastern Tobago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptophis haileyi Murphy, Charles, Lehtinen & Koeller, 2013","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptosiaphos rhomboidalis","v":"Udzungwa skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Udzungwa skink (Leptosiaphos rhomboidalis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1989 in the Mwanihana Forest, Udzungwa Mountains National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptosiaphos rhomboidalis Broadley, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Letheobia pembana","v":"Pemba gracile blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Pemba gracile blind snake (Letheobia pembana) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1905.","l":"dd","iucn":"Letheobia pembana Broadley & Wallach, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Liophidium apperti","v":"Appert's snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Appert's snake (Liophidium apperti) is known only from a single specimen collected during the 1980s from southwestern Madagascar (former Toliara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Liophidium apperti Domergue, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Liotyphlops schubarti","v":"São Paulo blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The cerrado","e":"The São Paulo blind snake (Liotyphlops schubarti) is a burrowing species known only from its original collection during the 1940s from two disjunct localities in southeastern Brazil (São Paulo).","l":"dd","iucn":"Liotyphlops schubarti Vanzolini, 1948","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Luperosaurus palawanensis","v":"Palawan fringed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Palawan","e":"The Palawan fringed gecko (Luperosaurus palawanensis) is known only from a single specimen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Luperosaurus palawanensis Brown & Alcala, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lycodon kundui","v":"Kundu's wolf snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Kundu's wolf snake (Lycodon kundui) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1940s from south-central Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lycodon kundui Smith, 1943","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lygosoma pruthi","v":"Pruth's supple skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Pruth's supple skink (Lygosoma pruthi) is known only from a single specimen collected from the Chitteri Hills in 1929.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lygosoma pruthi (Sharma, 1977)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Malayotyphlops canlaonensis","v":"Taylor's worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Negros","e":"Taylor's worm snake (Malayotyphlops canlaonensis) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Canlaon in 1917.","l":"dd","iucn":"Malayotyphlops canlaonensis (Taylor, 1917)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Malayotyphlops hypogius","v":"Cebu blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Cebu blind snake (Malayotyphlops hypogius) is known only from a single specimen collected in the mid-twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Malayotyphlops hypogius (Savage, 1950)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Malayotyphlops manilae","v":"Manila blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Luzon","e":"The Manila blind snake (Malayotyphlops manilae) is known only from its original collection in the early twentieth century, most likely on Luzon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Malayotyphlops manilae (Taylor, 1919)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Marisora magnacornae","v":"Big Corn Island skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Big Corn Island skink (Marisora magnacornae) is known only from a single specimen collected on Big Corn Island in 1928.","l":"dd","iucn":"Marisora magnacornae Hedges & Conn, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mehelya egbensis","v":"Dunger's file snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Dunger's file snake (Mehelya egbensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1960s from west-central Nigeria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mehelya egbensis Dunger, 1966","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Micrurus camilae","v":"Camilla's coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Camilla's coral snake (Micrurus camilae) is known only from a few specimens collected in northwestern Colombia (Córdoba and Antioquia departments) The Pinchinda snake (Emmochliophis fugleri) is known only from a single specimen collected in northwestern Ecuador (Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micrurus camilae Renjifo & Lundberg, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ninia francisco","v":"Trinidad coffee snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Trinidad","e":"The Trinidad coffee snake (Ninia francisco) is known only from a single specimen collected in 2014 from northern Trinidad.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ninia francisco Angarita-Sierra, 2014 [orth. error]","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oligodon jintakunei","v":"Jintakune's kukri snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Jintakune's kukri snake (Oligodon jintakunei) is known only from a single specimen collected from southern peninsular Thailand (Krabi province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oligodon jintakunei Pauwels, van Wallach, David & Chanholm, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Opisthotropis spenceri","v":"Spencer's mountain stream snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Spencer's mountain stream snake (Opisthotropis spenceri) is known only from a single specimen collected during the early twentieth century in northwestern Thailand (Lampang province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Opisthotropis spenceri Smith, 1918","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Panaspis wilsoni","v":"Wilson's snake-eyed skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Wilson's snake-eyed skink (Panaspis wilsoni), one of the smallest of all the skinks, is known only from a single specimen collected in the southern Nuba Mountains during the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Panaspis wilsoni (Werner, 1919)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Papuascincus phaeodes","v":"Vogt's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Vogt's skink (Papuascincus phaeodes) is known only from its original collection in 1932 from the upper Sepik River drainage in northwestern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Papuascincus phaeodes (Vogt, 1932)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parvoscincus laterimaculatus","v":"San Roque skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Luzon","e":"The San Roque skink (Parvoscincus laterimaculatus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1961 from southeastern Luzon (Sorsogon).","l":"dd","iucn":"Parvoscincus laterimaculatus (Brown & Alcala, 1980)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phelsuma borai","v":"Bemaraha day gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Bemaraha day gecko (Phelsuma borai) is known for certain only from a single specimen collected from the Bemaraha region of central-western Madagascar (former Mahajanga province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phelsuma borai Glaw, Köhler & Vences, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phisalixella iarakaensis","v":"Iaraka tree snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"The Iaraka tree snake (Phisalixella iarakaensis) is known only from a single specimen collected at Iaraka in northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phisalixella iarakaensis (Domergue, 1995)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phyllodactylus paucituberculatus","v":"Rio Marquez Valley leaf-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"The Rio Marquez Valley leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus paucituberculatus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1960 from southwestern Mexico (Michoacán).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phyllodactylus paucituberculatus Dixon, 1960","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phymaturus desuetus","v":"Ingeniero Jacobacci liolaemid","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Ingeniero Jacobacci liolaemid (Phymaturus desuetus) is a type of iguanid lizard known only from a single specimen collected in south-central Argentina (Río Negro province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phymaturus desuetus Scolaro & Tappari, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Plagiopholis unipostocularis","v":"Yunnan mountain snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Yunnan mountain snake (Plagiopholis unipostocularis) is known only from a single specimen collected from an imprecise locality in southern China (Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Plagiopholis unipostocularis Jiang & Zhao, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Polemon leopoldi","v":"Leopold's snake-eater","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Albertine Rift","e":"Leopold's snake-eater (Polemon leopoldi) is a type of rear-fanged snake known only from a single specimen collected in 1941 from the mountains of Rwanda.","l":"dd","iucn":"Polemon leopoldi (De Witte, 1941)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudoacontias madagascariensis","v":"Bocage's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Bocage's skink (Pseudoacontias madagascariensis) is a large, fossorial species with severely reduced limbs known only from a single specimen collected from an undefined locality in northern Madagascar during the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudoacontias madagascariensis Bocage, 1889","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudoxenodon jacobsonii","v":"Jacobson's false cobra","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Jacobson's false cobra (Pseudoxenodon jacobsonii) is known only from a single specimen collected on Mount Kerinci in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudoxenodon jacobsonii Lidth de Jeude, 1922","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops conradi","v":"Conrad's worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Sulawesi","e":"Conrad's worm snake (Ramphotyphlops conradi) is known only from a single specimen collected during the late nineteenth century from an undefined locality at the northern tip of Sulawesi's northern peninsula (Sulawesi Utara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops conradi (Peters, 1874)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops similis","v":"Manukwari blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Manukwari blind snake (Ramphotyphlops similis) is known only from its original collection in 1934 from a small area on the northern coast of the Vogelkop Peninsula (Papua Barat province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops similis (Brongersma, 1934)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhadinaea cuneata","v":"Veracruz graceful brown snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Veracruz graceful brown snake (Rhadinaea cuneata) is known only from a single specimen collected in southern Mexico (central Veracruz).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhadinaea cuneata Myers, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinophis fergusonianus","v":"Cardamom Hills earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Cardamom Hills earth snake (Rhinophis fergusonianus) is only known from a single specimen collected near Trivandrum in Kerala.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinophis fergusonianus Boulenger, 1896","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhynchocalamus arabicus","v":"Aden kukri snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Aden kukri snake (Rhynchocalamus arabicus) is known only from a single specimen collected at an inprecise locality near Aden (Yemen) in 1932.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhynchocalamus arabicus Schmidt, 1933","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Saphenophis antioquiensis","v":"Dunn's saphenophis snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Dunn's saphenophis snake (Saphenophis antioquiensis) is known for certain only from a single specimen collected in central Colombia (Antioquia department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Saphenophis antioquiensis (Dunn, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sceloporus halli","v":"Hall's spiny lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"Hall's spiny lizard (Sceloporus halli) is known only from its original collection during the 1970s from south-central Oaxaca.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sceloporus halli Dasman & Smith, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scolecoseps litipoensis","v":"Litipo sand skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"The Litipo Forest","e":"The Litipo sand skink (Scolecoseps litipoensis) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Litipo Forest in 1993.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scolecoseps litipoensis Broadley, 1995","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sibon linearis","v":"Tuxtlas snail-eating snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tuxtlas snail-eating snake (Sibon linearis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1983 from the Tuxtlas Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sibon linearis G. Perez-Higareda, M.A. Lopez-Luna & H.M. Smith, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sibon perissostichon","v":"La Fortuna snail-eating snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The La Fortuna snail-eating snake (Sibon perissostichon) is known only from a single specimen collected in the La Fortuna Forest Reserve in western Panama (Chiriquí province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sibon perissostichon Köhler, Lotzkat & Hertz, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques","v":"Jamaican collared least gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Jamaica","e":"The Jamaican collared least gecko (Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques) is known only from a single specimen collected during the nineteenth century from an undefined locality in Jamaica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphaerodactylus gilvitorques Cope, 1862","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphenomorphus transversus","v":"Kunua skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Kunua skink (Sphenomorphus transversus) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1971.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphenomorphus transversus Greer & Parker, 1971","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla albiceps","v":"Barbour's centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Barbour's centipede snake (Tantilla albiceps) is known only from a single specimen collected on Barro Colorado Island in the 1920s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla albiceps Barbour, 1925","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla andinista","v":"Alausi centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Apurímac woodland racer (Drymoluber apurimacensis) is known only from a small area of southern Peru (Apurímac department), where it is seriously threatened by habitat destruction and overcollection for use in “traditional medicine.” The Alausi centipede snake (Tantilla andinista) is known only from a single specimen collected in the 1980s from central Ecuador (Chimborazo province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla andinista Wilson & Mena, 1980","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tantilla cascadae","v":"Tarascos centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Tarascos centipede snake (Tantilla cascadae) is known only from a single specimen collected in the Tarascos Range in 1939.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla cascadae Wilson & Meyer, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla sertula","v":"La Union centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"The La Union centipede snake (Tantilla sertula) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1978 from southwestern Mexico (southwestern Guerrero).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla sertula Wilson & Campbell, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Thamnodynastes ceibae","v":"Maracaibo house snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Maracaibo house snake (Thamnodynastes ceibae) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1963 from nothwestern Venezuela (Trujillo state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Thamnodynastes ceibae Bailey & Thomas, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Toxicocalamus grandis","v":"Setekwa River worm-eating snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Setekwa River worm-eating snake (Toxicocalamus grandis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1914 from an undefined locality in western New Guinea (Papua province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Toxicocalamus grandis (Boulenger, 1914)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trachylepis betsileana","v":"Betsileo mabuya skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Betsileo mabuya skink (Trachylepis betsileana) is known only from a single specimen said to have been collected during the early nineteenth century from east-central Madagascar, but which may have possibly originated from somewhere in mainland Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trachylepis betsileana (Mocquard, 1906)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tribolonotus brongersmai","v":"Admiralty spiny skink","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"Manus","e":"The Admiralty spiny skink (Tribolonotus brongersmai) is known only from its type locality in the mountains of Manus.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tribolonotus brongersmai Cogger, 1973","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tricheilostoma broadleyi","v":"Liberia.” Broadley's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The Liberian blind snake (Letheobia leucostictus) is known only from a single specimen collected in the late nineteenth century from the unspecified locality “Liberia.” Broadley's blind snake (Tricheilostoma broadleyi) is known only from two localities in south-central Ivory Coast.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tricheilostoma broadleyi (Wallach & Hahn, 1997)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tympanocryptis uniformis","v":"even-scaled earless dragon","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"The even-scaled earless dragon (Tympanocryptis uniformis) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1948 from an imprecise locality in northern Australia (“near Darwin”).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tympanocryptis uniformis Mitchell, 1948","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Uropeltis beddomii","v":"Beddome's earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Beddome's earth snake (Uropeltis beddomii) is known only from a single specimen collected in 1862 in the Anaimalai Hills (Tamil Nadu).","l":"dd","iucn":"Uropeltis beddomii (Günther, 1862)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenophidion schaeferi","v":"Shäfer's spinejaw snake","c":"Reptilia","t":5,"b":"type locality / single collection","s":"","e":"Shäfer's spinejaw snake (Xenophidion schaeferi) is known only from a single specimen collected in southwestern peninsular Malaysia (Selangor state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenophidion schaeferi Günther & Manthey, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Acheilognathus elongatoides","v":"Thuong bitterling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Thuong bitterling (Acheilognathus elongatoides) is known only from the Thuong River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acheilognathus elongatoides Kottelat, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Acrochordonichthys chamaeleon","v":"Kapuas stream catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kapuas stream catfish (Acrochordonichthys chamaeleon) is confined to the Kapuas River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acrochordonichthys chamaeleon (Vaillant, 1902)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acrochordonichthys gyrinus","v":"falcate chameleon catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Yom River","e":"The falcate chameleon catfish (Acrochordonichthys gyrinus) is confined to the Yom River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acrochordonichthys gyrinus Vidthayanon & Ng, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Afronemacheilus kaffa","v":"Kaffa stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Omo River","e":"The Kaffa stone loach (Afronemacheilus kaffa) is confined to the Omo River.","l":"ne","iucn":"Afronemacheilus kaffa","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Akysis vespa","v":"Ataran stream catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ataran stream catfish (Akysis vespa) is known only from the Ataran River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Akysis vespa Ng & Kottelat, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amblyceps macropterus","v":"Hub torrent catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Hub torrent catfish (Amblyceps macropterus) is a little-known species confined to the Hub River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyceps macropterus Ng, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amblyceps tenuispinis","v":"Ganges torrent catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ganges torrent catfish (Amblyceps tenuispinis) is known only from a single locality within the Ganges River drainage in northern India (Uttar Pradesh).","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyceps tenuispinis Blyth, 1860","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amblyceps torrentis","v":"Uyu torrent catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Uyu torrent catfish (Amblyceps torrentis) is confined to the Uyu River headwaters.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyceps torrentis Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anabarilius maculatus","v":"Nanpan silver minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nanpan silver minnow (Anabarilius maculatus) is confined to the Nanpan River and a few associated reservoirs.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anabarilius maculatus Chen & Chu, 1980","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anabarilius xundianensis","v":"Quinshui silver minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Quinshui silver minnow (Anabarilius xundianensis) is confined to Lake Quinshui.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anabarilius xundianensis He, 1984","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ancistrus heterorhynchus","v":"Uruhuasi bristlenose catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Uruhuasi bristlenose catfish (Ancistrus heterorhynchus) is known only from a single locality in southeastern Peru (Puno or Cusco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ancistrus heterorhynchus (Regan, 1912)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anostomus longus","v":"Nucuray anostomus","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nucuray anostomus (Anostomus longus) is known only from the Nucuray River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anostomus longus Géry, 1961","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aphyosemion kouamense","v":"Komo killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Komo killifish (Aphyosemion kouamense) is confined to the Komo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aphyosemion kouamense Legros, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Aplocheilichthys nigrolateralis","v":"Tchimenji lampeye","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Tchimenji lampeye (Aplocheilichthys nigrolateralis) is known only from the Tchimenji River, a tributary of the Kasai River in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aplocheilichthys nigrolateralis Poll, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Apolemichthys guezei","v":"Réunion angelfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Réunion angelfish (Apolemichthys guezei) is known only from deepwater reef slopes off Réunion.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apolemichthys guezei (Randall & Maugé, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Apteronotus milesi","v":"Miles' knifefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Miles' knifefish (Apteronotus milesi) is known only from the Chanco River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apteronotus milesi de Santana & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astatotilapia bloyeti","v":"Bloyet's cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Pangani River","e":"Bloyet's cichlid (Astatotilapia bloyeti) is confined to the Pangani River drainage, including Lake Jipe.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astatotilapia bloyeti (Sauvage, 1883)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus marmoratus","v":"marbled naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The marbled naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus marmoratus) is known only from a single locality within the upper Magdalena River drainage of southwestern Colombia (Caquetá department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus marmoratus (Regan, 1904)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus stuebeli","v":"Stuebel's naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Stuebel's naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus stuebeli) is known only from the Lake Titicaca basin, where it has not been reported since 1916.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus stuebeli (Wandolleck, 1916)","sil":true,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Astyanacinus yariguies","v":"Cascajales characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cascajales characin (Astyanacinus yariguies) is known only from the Cascajales River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astyanacinus yariguies Torres-Mejia, Hernández & Senechal, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astyanax chaparae","v":"Chapare tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Chapare tetra (Astyanax chaparae) is known only from a single locality within the Chapare River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astyanax chaparae Fowler, 1943","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astyanax gisleni","v":"Gislen's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Gislen's tetra (Astyanax gisleni) is a little-known species confined to the Magdalena River drainage of northwestern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astyanax gisleni Dahl, 1943","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Astyanax kennedyi","v":"Kennedy's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Kennedy's tetra (Astyanax kennedyi) is known only from an unspecified locality near the city of Iquitos, in northern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Astyanax kennedyi Géry, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Astyanax longior","v":"Moyabamba tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Moyabamba tetra (Astyanax longior) is known only from a single locality within the Huallaga River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astyanax longior (Cope, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Atopochilus pachychilus","v":"Pellegrin's upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Pellegrin's upside-down catfish (Atopochilus pachychilus) is known only from the Lubilonji River, a tributary of the Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atopochilus pachychilus Pellegrin, 1924","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Badis corycaeus","v":"Indawgyi perch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Indawgyi perch (Badis corycaeus) appears to be confined to Lake Indawgyi and a few nearby streams.","l":"dd","iucn":"Badis corycaeus Kullander & Britz, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Badis dibruensis","v":"Dibru perch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Dibru perch (Badis dibruensis) is known only from the Dibru River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Badis dibruensis Geetakumari & Vishwanath, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bagrus lubosicus","v":"Lubozi catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The lower Congo","e":"The Lubozi catfish (Bagrus lubosicus) is known only from the Lubozi River, a tributary of the of the Luala River within the lower Congo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bagrus lubosicus Lönnberg, 1924","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bagrus urostigma","v":"Jubba catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Jubba catfish (Bagrus urostigma) is confined to the Jubba River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bagrus urostigma Vinciguerra, 1895","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Balitora nigrocorpa","v":"Nguyen's stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Nguyen's stone loach (Balitora nigrocorpa) is known only from the Lo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Balitora nigrocorpa Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Barilius radiolatus","v":"Günther's baril","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Günther's baril (Barilius radiolatus) is confined to the Narmadha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barilius radiolatus Günther, 1868","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bathygobius samberanoensis","v":"Sambirano frillfin goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Sambirano frillfin goby (Bathygobius samberanoensis) is a little-known species of questionable taxonomic validity, apparently confined to the Sambirano River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathygobius samberanoensis (Bleeker, 1867)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Brachypetersius notospilus","v":"La Passa tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The La Passa tetra (Brachypetersius notospilus) is known only from a single locality in the Ogooué River in southwestern Congo and another in the Kouilou River of southern Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brachypetersius notospilus (Pellegrin, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Brycon coxeyi","v":"Coxey's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Coxey's tetra (Brycon coxeyi) is known only from a single locality at the headwaters of the Pastaza River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brycon coxeyi Fowler, 1943","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconacidnus hemigrammus","v":"Pearson's characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Pearson's characin (Bryconacidnus hemigrammus) is known only from the Popoi River, in the upper Beni River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconacidnus hemigrammus (Pearson, 1924)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconamericus arilepis","v":"many-scaled characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The many-scaled characin (Bryconamericus arilepis) is known only from Fonce River and Pontesuela Creek, tributaries of the Suárez River (Santander department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconamericus arilepis Román-Valencia, Vanegas-Ríos & Ruiz-C., 2008","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconamericus miraensis","v":"Guebo characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Guebo characin (Bryconamericus miraensis) is known only from the Guebo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconamericus miraensis Fowler, 1945","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconamericus simus","v":"Chota Valley characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Chota Valley characin (Bryconamericus simus) is known only from the Chota Valley in northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas and / or Pichincha provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconamericus simus (Boulenger, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bujurquina pardus","v":"Danta cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Danta cichlid (Bujurquina pardus) is known only from a single locality in the Danta River, in the Tigre River drainage of Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bujurquina pardus Armour, Barriga Salazar & López-Fernández, 2014","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bujurquina robusta","v":"robust cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The robust cichlid (Bujurquina robusta) is a rare species known only from a few river localities and oxbow lakes within the Ucayali River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bujurquina robusta Kullander, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Capoeta kosswigi","v":"Van scraper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Van scraper (Capoeta kosswigi) is confined to the Lake Van basin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Capoeta kosswigi Karaman, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cetopsorhamdia filamentosa","v":"San Ramón three-barbelled catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The San Ramón three-barbelled catfish (Cetopsorhamdia filamentosa) is known only from a single locality in the Chanchamayo Valley of central Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cetopsorhamdia filamentosa Fowler, 1945","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chaetostoma breve","v":"Bomboiza bristlemouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bomboiza bristlemouth catfish (Chaetostoma breve) is known only from the Bomboiza River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaetostoma breve Regan, 1904","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chaetostoma paucispinis","v":"few-spined bristlemouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The few-spined bristlemouth catfish (Chaetostoma paucispinis) is known only from a single locality within the San Juan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaetostoma paucispinis Regan, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Channa aurantimaculata","v":"orange-spotted snakehead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The orange-spotted snakehead (Channa aurantimaculata) is known only from a single locality within the Brahmaputra drainage of northeastern India (Assam).","l":"dd","iucn":"Channa aurantimaculata Musikasinthorn, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Channa ornatipinnis","v":"ornate-finned snakehead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The ornate-finned snakehead (Channa ornatipinnis) is known only from a single locality in south-central Myanmar (Rakhine state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Channa ornatipinnis Britz, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Channallabes longicaudatus","v":"Ivindo eel catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Ivindo River","e":"The Ivindo eel catfish (Channallabes longicaudatus) is known only from the Ivindo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Channallabes longicaudatus (Pappenheim, 1911)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Channallabes sanghaensis","v":"Mbessy eel catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Mbessy eel catfish (Channallabes sanghaensis) is known only from the Mbessy River, a tributary of the Sangha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Channallabes sanghaensis Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Channallabes teugelsi","v":"Teugels' eel catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Teugels' eel catfish (Channallabes teugelsi) is known only from the Ivindo River of eastern Gabon and the upper Ogooué River drainage in southwestern Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Channallabes teugelsi Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Characidium heinianum","v":"Ipurupuru darter","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ipurupuru darter (Characidium heinianum) is known only from the Ipurupuru River, a tributary of the Guaporé River located in north-central Bolivia (Beni department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Characidium heinianum Zarske & Géry, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chasmocranus quadrizonatus","v":"Tingo de Pauca three-barbeled catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Tingo de Pauca three-barbeled catfish (Chasmocranus quadrizonatus) is known only from a single locality in northwestern Peru (Cajamarca department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Chasmocranus quadrizonatus Pearson, 1937","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chiloglanis lufirae","v":"Lufira suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Lufira River","e":"The Lufira suckermouth catfish (Chiloglanis lufirae) is known only from the Muye River, an effluent of the Lufira River located within Upemba National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chiloglanis lufirae Poll, 1976","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chiloglanis marlieri","v":"Marlier's suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Luhoho River","e":"Marlier's suckermouth catfish (Chiloglanis marlieri) is known only from the Ndakirwa River, an effluent of the Luhoho River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chiloglanis marlieri Poll, 1952","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chiloglanis modjensis","v":"Shabelle suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Shabelle suckermouth catfish (Chiloglanis modjensis) is known only from a single locality within the Shabelle River drainage of northeastern Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chiloglanis modjensis Boulenger, 1904","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chromidotilapia nana","v":"Moukalaba cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Moukalaba River","e":"The Moukalaba cichlid (Chromidotilapia nana) is confined to the Moukalaba River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chromidotilapia nana Lamboj, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Clariallabes brevibarbis","v":"Ngomo snake catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ngomo snake catfish (Clariallabes brevibarbis) is known only from a single locality on the Ogooué River in central coastal Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Clariallabes brevibarbis Pellegrin, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Clariallabes simeonsi","v":"Simeons' catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Simeons' catfish (Clariallabes simeonsi) is known only from the Congo River drainage in north-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Clariallabes simeonsi Poll, 1941","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Clupisoma bastari","v":"Indravati catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Indravati catfish (Clupisoma bastari) is known only from the Indravati River and the Ravishankar Sagar Reservoir.","l":"dd","iucn":"Clupisoma bastari Datta & Karmakar, 1980","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Clypeobarbus schoutedeni","v":"Schouteden's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Schouteden's barb (Clypeobarbus schoutedeni) is known only from the Dungu River, a tributary of the Uele River in northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Clypeobarbus schoutedeni (Poll & Lambert, 1961)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Congochromis pugnatus","v":"Kisangani cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kisangani cichlid (Congochromis pugnatus) is known only from a single locality near Kisangani, in the upper Congo (Lualaba) River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Congochromis pugnatus Stiassny & Schliewen, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cordylancistrus platycephalus","v":"Bomboiza suckermouth armoured catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bomboiza suckermouth armoured catfish (Cordylancistrus platycephalus) is known only from the Bomboiza River, a tributary of the Santiago River located in southeastern Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cordylancistrus platycephalus (Boulenger, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Corydoras bilineatus","v":"two-lined corydoras catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The two-lined corydoras catfish (Corydoras bilineatus) is known only from a single locality in north-central Bolivia (Santa Cruz department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Corydoras bilineatus Knaack, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ctenopoma ashbysmithi","v":"Ashby Smith's climbing gourami","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Ashby Smith's climbing gourami (Ctenopoma ashbysmithi) is known only from an unnamed marsh near Kindu in east-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ctenopoma ashbysmithi Banister & Bailey, 1979","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cynodonichthys pacificus","v":"Condoto killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Condoto killifish (Cynodonichthys pacificus) is known only from a single locality within the upper San Juan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cynodonichthys pacificus (Huber, 1992)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyprinus quidatensis","v":"Red River carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Red River carp (Cyprinus quidatensis) is confined to the Red River drainage of northern Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyprinus quidatensis Nguyen, Le, Le & Nguyen, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Danakilia dinicolai","v":"Abaeded cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Abaeded cichlid (Danakilia dinicolai) is confined to Lake Abaeded.","l":"ne","iucn":"Danakilia dinicolai","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Danionella priapus","v":"Priapus fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Priapus fish (Danionella priapus) is known only from the Jorai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Danionella priapus Britz, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Devario maetaengensis","v":"firebar danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The firebar danio (Devario maetaengensis) is confined to the Taeng River and tributary streams.","l":"dd","iucn":"Devario maetaengensis (Fang, 1997)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Discocheilus wui","v":"Wu's fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Wu's fish (Discocheilus wui) is known only from the Hongshuihe River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Discocheilus wui (Chen & Lan, 1992)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dundocharax bidentatus","v":"Chicapa characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Chicapa characin (Dundocharax bidentatus) is confined to the Chicapa River, a small tributary of the Lucoge River in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dundocharax bidentatus Poll, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius aloyi","v":"Bolo barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bolo barb (Enteromius aloyi) is known only from the Bolo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius aloyi (Roman, 1971)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius condei","v":"Ivindo barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Ivindo River","e":"The Ivindo barb (Enteromius condei) is known only from a single locality in the Ivindo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius condei (Mahnert & Géry, 1982)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius erythrozonus","v":"Foulakari barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Foulakari River","e":"The Foulakari barb (Enteromius erythrozonus) is known only from the Foulakari River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius erythrozonus (Poll & Lambert, 1959)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius kissiensis","v":"Kissidougou barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Kissidougou River","e":"The Kissidougou barb (Enteromius kissiensis) is known only from the Kissidougou River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius kissiensis (Daget, 1954)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius lornae","v":"Chambeshi barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Chambeshi River of northeastern Zambia","e":"The Chambeshi barb (Enteromius lornae) is known only from the Chambeshi River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius lornae (Ricardo-Bertram, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius roussellei","v":"Rousselle's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Longa River","e":"Rousselle's barb (Enteromius roussellei) is known only from the Longa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius roussellei (Ladiges & Voelker, 1961)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Erethistoides cavatura","v":"Rapi catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Rapi catfish (Erethistoides cavatura) is confined to the Rapi River, a tributary of the Narayani River in south-central Nepal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Erethistoides cavatura Ng & Edds, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Erethistoides senkhiensis","v":"Senkhi catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Senkhi catfish (Erethistoides senkhiensis) is known only from Senkhi stream, a tributary of the Dikrong River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Erethistoides senkhiensis Tamang, Chaudhry & Choudhury, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Erromyzon sinensis","v":"Xi loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Xi loach (Erromyzon sinensis) is confined to the Xi River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Erromyzon sinensis (Chen, 1980)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Etia nguti","v":"Nguti cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Nguti River","e":"The Nguti cichlid (Etia nguti) is confined to the Nguti River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Etia nguti Schliewen & Stiassny, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Euchilichthys boulengeri","v":"Boulenger's upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Boulenger's upside-down catfish (Euchilichthys boulengeri) is known only from the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Euchilichthys boulengeri Nichols & La Monte, 1934","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Exostoma barakensis","v":"Iyei catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Iyei catfish (Exostoma barakensis) is known only from the Iyei River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Exostoma barakensis Vishwanath & Joyshree, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Farlowella yarigui","v":"Yarigíes armoured catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Yarigíes armoured catfish (Farlowella yarigui) is known only from the Topon River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Farlowella yarigui Ballen & Mojica, 2014","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Fundulopanchax traudeae","v":"Ngongolon killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Ngongolon River","e":"The Ngongolon killifish (Fundulopanchax traudeae) is confined to the Ngongolon River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fundulopanchax traudeae (Radda, 1971)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Garra lancrenonensis","v":"Lancrenon Falls garra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Logone River","e":"The Lancrenon Falls garra (Garra lancrenonensis) is known only from a single locality in the upper Logone River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Garra lancrenonensis Blache & Miton, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gelanoglanis travieso","v":"Nieva driftwood catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nieva driftwood catfish (Gelanoglanis travieso) is known only from the Nieva River, where it appears to be threatened by overfishing and pollution.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gelanoglanis travieso Rengifo & Lujan, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gephyroglanis gymnorhynchus","v":"Aruwimi catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Ituri / Aruwimi River","e":"The Aruwimi catfish (Gephyroglanis gymnorhynchus) is confined to the Aruwimi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gephyroglanis gymnorhynchus Pappenheim, 1914","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis","v":"Kaladan mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kaladan mountain catfish (Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis) is known only from the Kaladan River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax chimtuipuiensis Anganthoibi & Vishwanath, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Glyptothorax filicatus","v":"Kong mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kong mountain catfish (Glyptothorax filicatus) is confined to the Kong River drainage in central Vietnam and southeastern Laos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax filicatus Ng & Freyhof, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Glyptothorax pallozonus","v":"Dong River mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Dong River mountain catfish (Glyptothorax pallozonus) is known only from the Dong River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax pallozonus (Lin, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Glyptothorax sinensis","v":"Dongting mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Lake Dongting","e":"The Dongting mountain catfish (Glyptothorax sinensis) is known only from Lake Dongting.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax sinensis (Regan, 1908)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gnathonemus barbatus","v":"Poll's mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Poll's mormyrid (Gnathonemus barbatus) is known only from a single locality within the Kasai River of northeastrn Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gnathonemus barbatus Poll, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gobiobotia meridionalis","v":"Xi gudgeon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Xi gudgeon (Gobiobotia meridionalis) is confined to the Xi River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gobiobotia meridionalis Chen & Cao 1977","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gobiobotia tungi","v":"Tung's gudgeon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Tung's gudgeon (Gobiobotia tungi) is confined to the Qiantang River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gobiobotia tungi Fang, 1933","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gogo arcuatus","v":"Sandrananta catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Sandrananta catfish (Gogo arcuatus) is known only from the Sandrananta River, within the Andriambondro River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gogo arcuatus Ng & Sparks, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Haplochromis adolphifrederici","v":"Adolph Friedrich's cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Mano River","e":"Adolph Friedrich's cichlid (Haplochromis adolphifrederici) is confined to Lake Kivu.","l":"ne","iucn":"Haplochromis adolphifrederici","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Haplochromis katonga","v":"Katonga cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Katonga River","e":"The Katonga cichlid (Haplochromis katonga) is known only from the Katonga River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Haplochromis katonga Schraml & Tichy, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Haplochromis luluae","v":"Lulua cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lulua cichlid (Haplochromis luluae) is known only from the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Haplochromis luluae (Fowler, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Haplochromis paradoxus","v":"Lake Edward cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Lake Edward cichlid (Haplochromis paradoxus) is confined to the lake.","l":"dd","iucn":"Haplochromis paradoxus (Lippitsch & Kaufman, 2003)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemibagrus imbrifer","v":"Moei catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Moei catfish (Hemibagrus imbrifer) is known only from the Moei River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibagrus imbrifer Ng & Ferraris, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibarbus songloensis","v":"Lo steed","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lo steed (Hemibarbus songloensis) is a type of barb known only from the Lo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibarbus songloensis Nguyen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibrycon velox","v":"swift characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The swift characin (Hemibrycon velox) is known only from a single creek in northwestern coastal Colombia (Córdoba department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon velox Dahl, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemibrycon yacopiae","v":"Hitico characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Hitico characin (Hemibrycon yacopiae) is known only from the Hitico River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon yacopiae Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemiculter songhongensis","v":"Red River sharpbelly","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Red River sharpbelly (Hemiculter songhongensis) is confined to the Red River drainage of northern Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemiculter songhongensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemigrammocharax lineostriatus","v":"Poll's citharine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Poll's citharine (Hemigrammocharax lineostriatus) is known only from the Cavuemba River, a tributary of the Kasai River in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemigrammocharax lineostriatus Poll, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemimyzon nanensis","v":"Nan river loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nan river loach (Hemimyzon nanensis) is confined to the Nan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemimyzon nanensis Doi & Kottelat, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":true},{"n":"Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus","v":"Bengo mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Bengo mormyrid (Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus) is confined to the Bengo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heteromormyrus pauciradiatus (Steindachner, 1866)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hippopotamyrus macroterops","v":"Bomekendi mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bomekendi mormyrid (Hippopotamyrus macroterops) is known only from the Bomekendi River, an effluent of the Uele River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hippopotamyrus macroterops (Boulenger, 1920)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Kneria ansorgii","v":"Ansorge's shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Ansorge's shellear (Kneria ansorgii) is confined to the Lucala River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kneria ansorgii (Boulenger, 1910)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Kneria sjolandersi","v":"Cubal shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Cubal shellear (Kneria sjolandersi) is known only from the Cubal River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kneria sjolandersi Poll, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Knodus delta","v":"Napo characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Napo characin (Knodus delta) is confined to a single creek within the upper Napo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Knodus delta Géry, 1972","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeo boulengeri","v":"Boulenger's labeo","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Boulenger's labeo (Labeo boulengeri) is known only from a single locality within the Shabelle River drainage of eastern Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeo boulengeri Vinciguerra, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeo brunellii","v":"Brunelli's labeo","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Brunelli's labeo (Labeo brunellii) is currently known only from Lake Abaya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeo brunellii Parenzan, 1939","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus arambourgi","v":"Aramboug's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Omo River","e":"Aramboug's yellowfish (Labeobarbus arambourgi) is currently known only from a single locality in the Omo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus arambourgi Pellegrin, 1935","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus clarkeae","v":"Cunje yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Cunje River","e":"The Cunje yellowfish (Labeobarbus clarkeae) is known only from the Cunje River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus clarkeae (Banister, 1984)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus girardi","v":"Girard's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Girard's yellowfish (Labeobarbus girardi) is confined to the Lucala River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus girardi (Boulenger, 1910)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus huloti","v":"Hulot's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Lake Albert","e":"Hulot's yellowfish (Labeobarbus huloti) is known only from a single locality on the Vuda River in the Lake Albert basin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus huloti Banister 1976","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus jubae","v":"Jubba yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Jubba yellowfish (Labeobarbus jubae) is confined to the Jubba River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus jubae (Banister, 1984)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus lufupensis","v":"Lufupa yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lufupa yellowfish (Labeobarbus lufupensis) is confined to the Lufupa River, a tributary of the Kafue River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus lufupensis (Banister & Bailey, 1979)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus macroceps","v":"Epulu yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Ituri / Aruwimi River","e":"The Epulu yellowfish (Labeobarbus macroceps) is known only from the Epulu River, a tributary of the Ituri River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus macroceps (Fowler, 1936)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus robertsi","v":"Roberts' yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Inkisi River","e":"Roberts' yellowfish (Labeobarbus robertsi) is known only from the Inkisi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus robertsi (Banister, 1984)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus semireticulatus","v":"Louvisi yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Louvisi yellowfish (Labeobarbus semireticulatus) is known only from the Louvisi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus semireticulatus (Pellegrin, 1924)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus urotaenia","v":"Dungu yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Dungu yellowfish (Labeobarbus urotaenia) is known only from the Dungu River, a tributary of the Uele River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus urotaenia (Boulenger, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Laimosemion rectocaudatus","v":"Itaya killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Itaya killifish (Laimosemion rectocaudatus) is known only from the Itaya River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Laimosemion rectocaudatus (Fels & de Rham, 1981)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lamprologus lethops","v":"blind cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The lower Congo","e":"The blind cichlid (Lamprologus lethops) is a non-pigmented and blind species known only from a single locality within the lower Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lamprologus lethops Roberts & Stewart, 1976","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptobotia tchangi","v":"Tianmu loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Tianmu loach (Leptobotia tchangi) is a type of freshwater fish known only from Tianmu Mountain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptobotia tchangi Fang, 1936","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Loricariichthys cashibo","v":"Cashiboya catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cashiboya catfish (Loricariichthys cashibo) is known only from Lake Cashiboya in north-central Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Loricariichthys cashibo (Eigenmann & Allen, 1942)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Loricariichthys chanjoo","v":"Contamana catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Contamana catfish (Loricariichthys chanjoo) is known only from a single locality in the Ucayali River drainage of north-central Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Loricariichthys chanjoo (Fowler, 1940)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Malacocephalus luzonensis","v":"Luzon grenadier","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Luzon grenadier (Malacocephalus luzonensis) is known only from a single locality in the Philippines, where it is potentially threated by deep-sea shrimp trawling.","l":"dd","iucn":"Malacocephalus luzonensis Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mastacembelus ansorgii","v":"Cokema spiny eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cokema spiny eel (Mastacembelus ansorgii) is confined to the Cokema River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mastacembelus ansorgii Boulenger, 1905","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mastacembelus pantherinus","v":"Indawgyi spiny eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Indawgyi spiny eel (Mastacembelus pantherinus) is known only from Lake Indawgyi and one of its tributaries.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mastacembelus pantherinus Britz, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Mastacembelus shiloangoensis","v":"Chiloango spiny eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Chiloango spiny eel (Mastacembelus shiloangoensis) is confined to the Chiloango River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mastacembelus shiloangoensis (Vreven, 2004)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mastacembelus thacbaensis","v":"Thac Ba spiny eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Thac Ba minnow (Tanichthys thacbaensis) and Thac Ba spiny eel (Mastacembelus thacbaensis) are both confined to Lake Thac Ba.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mastacembelus thacbaensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Micralestes ambiguus","v":"ambiguous tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The ambiguous tetra (Micralestes ambiguus) is known only from the Bari River, a tributary of the Oubangui River in Democratic Republic of Congo (Équateur province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micralestes ambiguus Géry, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microgenys lativirgata","v":"Pusoc characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Pusoc characin (Microgenys lativirgata) is known only from the Pusoc River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microgenys lativirgata Pearson, 1927","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Microsynodontis hirsuta","v":"Nye upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Nye River","e":"The Nye upside-down catfish (Microsynodontis hirsuta) is confined to the Nye River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microsynodontis hirsuta Ng, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Microsynodontis lamberti","v":"Lambert's upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Lambert's upside-down catfish (Microsynodontis lamberti) is known only from the Lilanda River in north-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microsynodontis lamberti Poll & Gosse, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microsynodontis nasutus","v":"Okano upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Okano River","e":"The Okano upside-down catfish (Microsynodontis nasutus) is known only from rapids in the Okano River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microsynodontis nasutus Ng, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Microsynodontis notata","v":"Ezanga upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Ezanga River","e":"The Ezanga upside-down catfish (Microsynodontis notata) is known only from the Ezanga River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microsynodontis notata Ng, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Moenkhausia crisnejas","v":"Crisnejas characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Crisnejas characin (Moenkhausia crisnejas) is known only from the Crisnejas River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson, 1929","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Moenkhausia dorsinuda","v":"Ipurupuru characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ipurupuru characin (Moenkhausia dorsinuda) is known only from the Ipurupuru River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mormyrops batesianus","v":"Bumba mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bumba mormyrid (Mormyrops batesianus) is known only from the Bumba River, a small tributary of the Dja River in southeastern Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mormyrops batesianus Boulenger, 1909","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mormyrus hildebrandti","v":"Athi elephant-snout fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Athi elephant-snout fish (Mormyrus hildebrandti) is a little-known species confined to the Athi River system, including the Tsavo drainage and Mzima Springs.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mormyrus hildebrandti Peters, 1882","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mugilogobius nuicocensis","v":"Nui Coc mangrove goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nui Coc mangrove goby (Mugilogobius nuicocensis) is known only from Lake Nui Coc, though it would appear that the species originates from another freshwater lake or river.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mugilogobius nuicocensis Nguyen & Vo, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myxodes ornatus","v":"ornate clinid blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The ornate clinid blenny (Myxodes ornatus) is a subtidal species known only from a single locality on the northern coast of Chile.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myxodes ornatus Stephens & Springer, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nandus andrewi","v":"Andrew's leaf fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Andrew's leaf fish (Nandus andrewi) is known only from the Ichamati River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nandus andrewi Ng & Jaafar, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nannocharax micros","v":"Kribi citharine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kribi citharine (Nannocharax micros) is known only from a single locality in southwestern Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nannocharax micros Fowler, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nemacheilus ornatus","v":"Tapi stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Tapi River","e":"The Tapi stone loach (Nemacheilus ornatus) is confined to the Tapi River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nemacheilus ornatus Kottelat, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus","v":"Thuttinjet stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Thuttinjet stone loach (Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus) is known only from the Seethanathi River, a small tributary of the Seetha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nemacheilus stigmofasciatus Arunachalam & Muralidharan, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Neobola bottegoi","v":"Bottego's sardine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Bottego's sardine (Neobola bottegoi) is known only from Lake Turkana and the Omo River of Ethiopia and the Jubba River of Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neobola bottegoi Vinciguerra, 1895","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Neodontobutis macropectoralis","v":"Na freshwater sleeper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Na freshwater sleeper (Neodontobutis macropectoralis) is a type of goby known only from the Na River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neodontobutis macropectoralis (Mai, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Neolissochilus spinulosus","v":"Teesta brook carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Teesta brook carp (Neolissochilus spinulosus) is known only from the Teesta River in Sikkim, where it is considered rare.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neolissochilus spinulosus (McClelland, 1845)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Notropis moralesi","v":"Papaloapan shiner","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Papaloapan shiner (Notropis moralesi) is known only from the Papaloapan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Notropis moralesi de Buen, 1955","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Opsaridium boweni","v":"Bowen's salmon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Bowen's salmon (Opsaridium boweni) is known only from the Lulua River drainage of south-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Opsaridium boweni (Fowler, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Opsaridium splendens","v":"Malagarasi salmon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Malagarasi River","e":"The Malagarasi salmon (Opsaridium splendens) is confined to the Malagarasi River drainage, where it is threatened by habitat destruction and sedimentation.","l":"dd","iucn":"Opsaridium splendens Taverne & De Vos, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Opsariichthys bea","v":"Lam minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lam minnow (Opsariichthys bea) is known only from the Lam River in northern Vietnam (Nghe An province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Opsariichthys bea Nguyen, 1987","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreichthys crenuchoides","v":"Jorai barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Jorai barb (Oreichthys crenuchoides) is known only from the Jorai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreichthys crenuchoides Schäfer, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreoglanis frenata","v":"Khan bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Khan bat-catfish (Oreoglanis frenata) is known only from a single locality within the Khan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis frenata Ng & Rainboth, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreoglanis nakasathiani","v":"Nakasathian's bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Nakasathian's bat-catfish (Oreoglanis nakasathiani) is known only from the Ping River drainage within the Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis nakasathiani Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Oreoglanis sudarai","v":"Sudara's bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Sudara's bat-catfish (Oreoglanis sudarai) is known only from the Nai River, where it is threatened by loss of habitat and overfishing.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis sudarai Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Osteochilus sarawakensis","v":"Rajang sharkminnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Rajang sharkminnow (Osteochilus sarawakensis) is known only from the Rajang River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Osteochilus sarawakensis Karnasuta, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis","v":"Lenkoran sportive loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lenkoran sportive loach (Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis) is confined to the Lenkoran River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oxynoemacheilus lenkoranensis (Abdurakhmanov, 1962)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Panaque suttonorum","v":"blue-eye panaque","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The blue-eye panaque (Panaque suttonorum) is a freshwater fish confined to the lake's tributaries.","l":"dd","iucn":"Panaque suttonorum Schultz, 1944","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pandaka pygmaea","v":"dwarf pygmy goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The dwarf pygmy goby (Pandaka pygmaea) was long known only from a single locality in the Philippines and thought to be near extinction.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pandaka pygmaea Herre, 1927","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pangio apoda","v":"Teesta eel-loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Teesta eel-loach (Pangio apoda) is known only from the Teesta River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pangio apoda Britz & Maclaine, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paracaristius nudarcus","v":"Gulf of Guinea manefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"The Gulf of Guinea manefish (Paracaristius nudarcus) is known only from a single locality in the Gulf of Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracaristius nudarcus Stevenson & Kenaley, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paracobitis erhaiensis","v":"Erhai stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Erhai stone loach (Paracobitis erhaiensis) was historically confined to Lake Erhai, where it is now possibly extinct.","l":"ne","iucn":"Homatula erhaiensis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paradoxoglanis cryptus","v":"Kagola electric catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Itimbiri River","e":"The Kagola electric catfish (Paradoxoglanis cryptus) is known only from the Kagola River, a tributary of the Itimbiri River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paradoxoglanis cryptus Norris, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parakneria fortuita","v":"Cutato shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Cutato River","e":"The Cutato shellear (Parakneria fortuita) is confined to the Cutato River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakneria fortuita Penrith, 1973","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parakneria kissi","v":"Luhoho shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Luhoho River","e":"The Luhoho shellear (Parakneria kissi) is confined to the Luhoho River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakneria kissi Poll, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parakneria malaissei","v":"Malaisse's shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Luapula River","e":"Malaisse's shellear (Parakneria malaissei) is known only from the Luanza River, a tributary of the Luapula River in southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakneria malaissei Poll, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parakneria marmorata","v":"Cokema shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cokema shellear (Parakneria marmorata) is confined to the Cokema River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakneria marmorata (Norman, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parakneria vilhenae","v":"Dundo shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Dundo shellear (Parakneria vilhenae) is known only from the Dundo River, a tributary of the Kasai River in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakneria vilhenae Poll, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parambassis pulcinella","v":"humphead glassy perchlet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The humphead glassy perchlet (Parambassis pulcinella) is confined to the Ataran River and its tributaries.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parambassis pulcinella Kottelat, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paratilapia toddi","v":"Kasai cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kasai cichlid (Paratilapia toddi) is known only from the Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paratilapia toddi Boulenger, 1905","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraxenisthmus springeri","v":"Springer's wriggler","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Solomon Sea","e":"Springer's wriggler (Paraxenisthmus springeri) is known only from a single locality off Florida Island in the Solomon Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraxenisthmus springeri Gill & Hoese, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pareuchiloglanis dorsoarcus","v":"Nam Mu catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nam Mu catfish (Pareuchiloglanis dorsoarcus) is known only from the Mu River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pareuchiloglanis dorsoarcus (Nguyen, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pareuchiloglanis phongthoensis","v":"Phong Tho catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Phong Tho catfish (Pareuchiloglanis phongthoensis) is known only from the Na River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pareuchiloglanis phongthoensis (Nguyen, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Petrocephalus hutereaui","v":"Dungu mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Dungu mormyrid (Petrocephalus hutereaui) is known only from the Dungu River, a tributary of the Uele River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Petrocephalus hutereaui (Boulenger, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phenacogrammus taeniatus","v":"Sangha tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Sangha tetra (Phenacogrammus taeniatus) is known only from a single locality on the middle Sangha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phenacogrammus taeniatus Géry, 1996","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Phractura gladysae","v":"Louvisi whiptailed catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Louvisi whiptailed catfish (Phractura gladysae) is known only from the Louvisi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phractura gladysae Pellegrin, 1931","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Physoschistura rivulicola","v":"Shan stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Shan stone loach (Physoschistura rivulicola) is known only from Lake Inlé and part of the Salween River drainage in central Myanmar (Shan State).","l":"dd","iucn":"Physoschistura rivulicola (Hora, 1929)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pimelodella altipinnis","v":"Essequibo pimelodella catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Essequibo pimelodella catfish (Pimelodella altipinnis) is known only from the Essequibo River drainage in Guyana.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pimelodella altipinnis (Steindachner, 1864)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pimelodella chaparae","v":"Chapare pimelodella catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Chapare pimelodella catfish (Pimelodella chaparae) is known only from the Chapare River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pimelodella chaparae Fowler, 1940","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pimelodella cyanostigma","v":"Pebas pimelodella catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Pebas pimelodella catfish (Pimelodella cyanostigma) is known only from a single locality in northeastern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pimelodella cyanostigma (Cope, 1870)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pimelodella ophthalmica","v":"Nauta pimelodella catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nauta pimelodella catfish (Pimelodella ophthalmica) is known only from a single locality in northeastern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pimelodella ophthalmica (Cope, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Platyclarias machadoi","v":"Machado's airbreathing catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Machado's airbreathing catfish (Platyclarias machadoi) is known only from a single locality within the Cuango River of northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Platyclarias machadoi Poll, 1977","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Poropuntius margarianus","v":"Nampoung barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nampoung barb (Poropuntius margarianus) is known only from the Nampoung River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Poropuntius margarianus (Anderson, 1879)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Prolabeops nyongensis","v":"Nyong minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Nyong River","e":"The Nyong minnow (Prolabeops nyongensis) is known only from the Nyong River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Prolabeops nyongensis Daget, 1984","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Protammodytes sarisa","v":"Saint Lucia sand lance","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Saint Lucia sand lance (Protammodytes sarisa) is an eel-like fish known only from a single locality off Saint Lucia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Protammodytes sarisa (Robins & Böhlke, 1970)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Psammphiletria delicata","v":"delicate loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The delicate loach catfish (Psammphiletria delicata) is known only from Stanley Pool.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psammphiletria delicata Roberts, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Psammphiletria nasuta","v":"Oubangui loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Oubangui loach catfish (Psammphiletria nasuta) is known only from the Oubangui River upstream of Bangui, Central African Republic.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psammphiletria nasuta Roberts, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudambassis roberti","v":"Indawgyi glassfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Indawgyi glassfish (Pseudambassis roberti) is confined to Lake Indawgyi and a few nearby streams.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudambassis roberti Datta & Chaudhuri, 1993 [orth. error]","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudecheneis eddsi","v":"Edds' catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Edds' catfish (Pseudecheneis eddsi) is known only from the Ganges River drainage in central Nepal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudecheneis eddsi Ng, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudogastromyzon buas","v":"Bua suckerbelly loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bua suckerbelly loach (Pseudogastromyzon buas) is known only from the Bua River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudogastromyzon buas (Mai, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudogobiopsis tigrellus","v":"tiger goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The tiger goby (Pseudogobiopsis tigrellus) is known only from the Mamberamo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudogobiopsis tigrellus (Nichols, 1951)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudolaguvia austrina","v":"Kunthi catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kunthi catfish (Pseudolaguvia austrina) is confined to the Kunthi River, a tributary of the Bharathapuzha River in the southern Western Ghats.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudolaguvia austrina Radhakrishnan, Sureshkumar & Ng, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudolaguvia ferruginea","v":"Raidak catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Raidak catfish (Pseudolaguvia ferruginea) is known only from a single locality within the Raidak River of northeastern India (West Bengal).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudolaguvia ferruginea Ng, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudolaguvia flavida","v":"Bhagirathi catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bhagirathi catfish (Pseudolaguvia flavida) is known only from a single locality within the Bhagirathi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudolaguvia flavida Ng, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Psilorhynchus amplicephalus","v":"Baleshwar torrent minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Baleshwar torrent minnow (Psilorhynchus amplicephalus) is confined to the Baleshwar River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psilorhynchus amplicephalus Arunachalam, Muralidharan & Sivakumar, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Psilorhynchus arunachalensis","v":"Dirang torrent minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Dirang torrent minnow (Psilorhynchus arunachalensis) is known only from the Dirang River, a tributary of the Kameng River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psilorhynchus arunachalensis (Nebeshwar, Bagra & Das 2007)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Psilorhynchus robustus","v":"robust torrent minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The robust torrent minnow (Psilorhynchus robustus) is known only from a single stream at the headwaters of the Ataran River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psilorhynchus robustus Conway & Kottelat, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pterocryptis bokorensis","v":"Kampot sheatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kampot sheatfish (Pterocryptis bokorensis) is known only from the Kampot River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pterocryptis bokorensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1937)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pterocryptis cucphuongensis","v":"Cuc Phong sheatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cuc Phong sheatfish (Pterocryptis cucphuongensis) is known only from the Luong River drainage in northern Vietnam (Than Hoa province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pterocryptis cucphuongensis (Mai, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Raiamas shariensis","v":"Bahr Sara trout barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bahr Sara trout barb (Raiamas shariensis) is a little-known and perhaps doubtful species confined to the Lake Chad basin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Raiamas shariensis (Fowler, 1949)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Redigobius lekutu","v":"Lekutu goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lekutu goby (Redigobius lekutu) is a freshwater fish confined to two river systems in the north of the island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Redigobius lekutu Larson, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rheocles sikorae","v":"Sikora's rainbowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Sikora's rainbowfish (Rheocles sikorae) is known only from the Manambolo River, where it was long thought to be extinct until rediscovered in 1996.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rheocles sikorae (Sauvage, 1891)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinogobius nammaensis","v":"Ma goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ma goby (Rhinogobius nammaensis) is known only from the Ma River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius nammaensis Chen & Kottelat, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinogobius vermiculatus","v":"Nam Xam goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nam Xam goby (Rhinogobius vermiculatus) is known only from small forest streams in northeastern Laos (Houaphan province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius vermiculatus Chen & Kottelat, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhodeus vietnamensis","v":"Hong bitterling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Hong bitterling (Rhodeus vietnamensis) is known only from the Red River drainage on the Chinese / Vietnamese border.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhodeus vietnamensis Mai, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rineloricaria sneiderni","v":"Sneidern's whiptail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Sneidern's whiptail catfish (Rineloricaria sneiderni) is known only from a single locality in the Jurubidá River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rineloricaria sneiderni (Fowler, 1944)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Salanx reevesii","v":"Reeves' noodlefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Reeves' noodlefish (Salanx reevesii) is known only from the Pearl River drainage in Guangdong province.","l":"dd","iucn":"Salanx reevesii (Gray, 1831)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sargochromis thysi","v":"Thys' cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Thys' cichlid (Sargochromis thysi) is known only from the Luembe River, a tributary of the Kasai River in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sargochromis thysi (Poll, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schilbe nyongensis","v":"Nyong butter catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Nyong River","e":"The Nyong butter catfish (Schilbe nyongensis) is known only from a single locality in the Nyong River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schilbe nyongensis (De Vos, 1981)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schilbe zairensis","v":"Inkisi butter catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Inkisi River","e":"The Inkisi butter catfish (Schilbe zairensis) is known only from the Inkisi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schilbe zairensis De Vos, 1995","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura alticrista","v":"Yuam stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Yuam stone loach (Schistura alticrista) is known only from the Yuam River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura alticrista Kottelat, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura hagiangensis","v":"Ha Giang stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ha Giang stone loach (Schistura hagiangensis) is known only from the Lo River in northern Vietnam (Ha Giang province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura hagiangensis (Nguyen, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura latidens","v":"Banghiang stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Banghiang stone loach (Schistura latidens) is known only from a single locality in the Banghiang River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura latidens Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura macrotaenia","v":"Tengtiao stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Tengtiao stone loach (Schistura macrotaenia) is known only from the Tengtiao River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura macrotaenia (Yang, 1990)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura menanensis","v":"Nan stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nan stone loach (Schistura menanensis) is confined to the Nan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura menanensis (Smith, 1945)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":true},{"n":"Schistura yingjiangensis","v":"Taping stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Taping snowtrout (Schizothorax malacanthus), Taping garra (Garra bispinosa) and Taping stone loach (Schistura yingjiangensis) are all known only from the Taping River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura yingjiangensis (Zhu, 1982)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schizothorax malacanthus","v":"Taping snowtrout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Taping snowtrout (Schizothorax malacanthus), Taping garra (Garra bispinosa) and Taping stone loach (Schistura yingjiangensis) are all known only from the Taping River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizothorax malacanthus Huang, 1985","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sectoria atriceps","v":"Smith's stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Smith's stone loach (Sectoria atriceps) is confined to the Nan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sectoria atriceps (Smith, 1945)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":true},{"n":"Serpenticobitis octozona","v":"Kong serpent loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Kong serpent loach (Serpenticobitis octozona) is an uncommon species confined to the Kong River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Serpenticobitis octozona Roberts, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Serranochromis janus","v":"Malagarasi largemouth cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Malagarasi River","e":"The Malagarasi largemouth cichlid (Serranochromis janus) is confined to the Malagarasi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Serranochromis janus Trewavas, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sewellia diardi","v":"Diard's loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Diard's loach (Sewellia diardi) is known only from the Kong River drainage in southern Laos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sewellia diardi Roberts, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sineleotris namxamensis","v":"Chu sleeper goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Chu sleeper goby (Sineleotris namxamensis) is known only from the Chu River drainage in Laos (Houaphan province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sineleotris namxamensis Chen & Kottelat, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sinibotia robusta","v":"Pearl River loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Pearl River loach (Sinibotia robusta) is confined to the Pearl River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinibotia robusta (Wu, 1939)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sinibotia zebra","v":"Li zebra loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Li zebra loach (Sinibotia zebra) is known only from the Li River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinibotia zebra (Wu, 1939)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus","v":"So hillstream loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The So hillstream loach (Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus) is known only from the So River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinogastromyzon hypercorpus Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sinogastromyzon namnaensis","v":"Na hillstream loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Na hillstream loach (Sinogastromyzon namnaensis) is known only from the Na River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinogastromyzon namnaensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Spatuloricaria caquetae","v":"Orteguasa whiptail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Orteguasa whiptail catfish (Spatuloricaria caquetae) is confined to the Orteguasa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Spatuloricaria caquetae (Fowler, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Spinibarbus nammauensis","v":"Nam Mau barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nam Mau barb (Spinibarbus nammauensis) is confined to Lake Ba Bê and the Nang River drainage in northern Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Spinibarbus nammauensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Spinibarbus vittatus","v":"Hoa Binh barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Hoa Binh barb (Spinibarbus vittatus) is known only from the Black River in northwestern Vietnam (Hoa Binh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Spinibarbus vittatus Nguyen & Nguyen, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Steatocranus bleheri","v":"Bleher' cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Luapula River","e":"Bleher' cichlid (Steatocranus bleheri) is known only from the Kafubu River, a tributary of the Luapula River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Steatocranus bleheri Meyer, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Steatocranus rouxi","v":"Roux's cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Roux's cichlid (Steatocranus rouxi) is known only from the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Steatocranus rouxi (Pellegrin, 1928)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Steatocranus ubanguiensis","v":"Mbomou cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Mbomou cichlid (Steatocranus ubanguiensis) is known only from the Mbomou River, a tributary of the Oubangui River in the Central African Republic.","l":"dd","iucn":"Steatocranus ubanguiensis Roberts & Stewart, 1976","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Syngnathus safina","v":"wreck pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The wreck pipefish (Syngnathus safina) is known only from a single locality off the Jordanian coast in the Gulf of Aqaba.","l":"dd","iucn":"Syngnathus safina Paulus, 1992","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis acanthoperca","v":"scissortail squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The scissortail squeaker catfish (Synodontis acanthoperca) is known only from the Massoukou Rapids on the Ogooue River and another locality on the Louétsi River, both in south-central Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis acanthoperca Friel & Vigliotta, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis laessoei","v":"Cokema squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cokema squeaker catfish (Synodontis laessoei) is confined to the Cokema River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis laessoei Norman, 1923","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis longispinis","v":"WikiMiniAtlas The Sangha squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"WikiMiniAtlas The Sangha squeaker catfish (Synodontis longispinis) is known only from the Sangha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis longispinis Pellegrin, 1930","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis macrops","v":"Achwa squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Achwa squeaker catfish (Synodontis macrops) is confined to the Achwa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis macrops Greenwood, 1963","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis rebeli","v":"Sanaga squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Sanaga River","e":"The Sanaga squeaker catfish (Synodontis rebeli) is confined to the Sanaga River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis rebeli Holly, 1926","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tanichthys thacbaensis","v":"Thac Ba minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Thac Ba minnow (Tanichthys thacbaensis) and Thac Ba spiny eel (Mastacembelus thacbaensis) are both confined to Lake Thac Ba.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tanichthys thacbaensis Nguyen & Ngo, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tetracamphilius clandestinus","v":"clandistine loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The clandistine loach catfish (Tetracamphilius clandestinus) is known only from the Oubangui River upstream of Bangui, Central African Republic.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tetracamphilius clandestinus Roberts, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tetraodon duboisi","v":"Dubois' pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Dubois' pufferfish (Tetraodon duboisi) is known only from a single locality in Stanley Pool, where it may already be extinct.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tetraodon duboisi Poll, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tor polylepis","v":"Mengla mahseer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Mengla mahseer (Tor polylepis) is known only from the Mengla River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tor polylepis Zhou & Cui, 1996","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Torquigener marleyi","v":"Marley's toadfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Marley's toadfish (Torquigener marleyi) is known only from a single locality off southwestern Africa near the Tugela River outflow.","l":"dd","iucn":"Torquigener marleyi Fowler, 1929","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Toxabramis hoffmanni","v":"Hoffmann's amblatikas","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Hoffmann's amblatikas (Toxabramis hoffmanni) is known only from a single locality in Guangxi province, China.","l":"dd","iucn":"Toxabramis hoffmanni Lin, 1934","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Toxabramis hotayensis","v":"Hanoi amblatikas","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lake Ho gudgeon (Hypseleotris hotayensis) and the Hanoi amblatikas (Toxabramis hotayensis) are both confined to Lake Ho.","l":"dd","iucn":"Toxabramis hotayensis Nguyen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Trachyglanis intermedius","v":"Lulua loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lulua loach catfish (Trachyglanis intermedius) is known only from the Lulua River, a tributary of the Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trachyglanis intermedius Pellegrin, 1928","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trachyglanis sanghensis","v":"Sangha loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Sangha loach catfish (Trachyglanis sanghensis) is known only from a single locality on the Sangha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trachyglanis sanghensis Pellegrin, 1925","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Trichomycterus romeroi","v":"Romero's pencil catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Romero's pencil catfish (Trichomycterus romeroi) is known only from a single locality within the Magdalena River drainage of west-central Colombia (Tolima department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Trichomycterus romeroi (Fowler, 1944)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tridensimilis venezuelae","v":"Maracaibo pencil catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Maracaibo pencil catfish (Tridensimilis venezuelae) is confined to the Lake Maracaibo basin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tridensimilis venezuelae Schultz, 1944","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Triplophysa grahami","v":"Jinsha stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Jinsha stone loach (Triplophysa grahami) is confined to the Jinsha River and tributaries in Yunnan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Triplophysa grahami (Regan, 1906)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Typhlobarbus nudiventris","v":"Jianshui cavefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Jianshui cavefish (Typhlobarbus nudiventris) is confined to a single cave in southern China (Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Typhlobarbus nudiventris Chu & Chen, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Vanmanenia crassicauda","v":"thick-tailed loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The thick-tailed loach (Vanmanenia crassicauda) is known only from the Ma River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Vanmanenia crassicauda Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Vanmanenia homalocephala","v":"Lia Jiang loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lia Jiang loach (Vanmanenia homalocephala) is known only from a single locality within the Pearl River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Vanmanenia homalocephala Zhang & Zhao, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Vanmanenia ventrosquamata","v":"Cau loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cau loach (Vanmanenia ventrosquamata) is known only from the Cau River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Vanmanenia ventrosquamata (Mai, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Xenocypris hupeinensis","v":"Hubei yellowfin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Hubei yellowfin (Xenocypris hupeinensis) is known only from a single locality within the Yangtze River drainage in east-central China (Hubei).","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenocypris hupeinensis (Yih, 1964)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Zaireichthys dorae","v":"Chobe loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Chobe loach catfish (Zaireichthys dorae) is known only from the Luachimo River in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zaireichthys dorae (Poll, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Zaireichthys flavomaculatus","v":"Lufume loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lufume loach catfish (Zaireichthys flavomaculatus) is known only from the Lufume River, a tributary of the Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zaireichthys flavomaculatus (Pellegrin, 1926)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amnirana fonensis","v":"Simandou white-lipped frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Simandou Massif","e":"The Simandou white-lipped frog (Amnirana fonensis) is known only from the Simandou Massif.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amnirana fonensis Rödel & Bangoura, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anomaloglossus parimae","v":"Parima cryptic forest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Parima cryptic forest frog (Anomaloglossus parimae) is known only from a single locality in the Parima Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anomaloglossus parimae (La Marca, 1997)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aromobates capurinensis","v":"Sierra Nevada de Mérida skunk frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Sierra Nevada de Mérida","e":"The Sierra Nevada de Mérida skunk frog (Aromobates capurinensis) is known only from a single locality in Mérida state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aromobates capurinensis (Péfaur, 1993)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Arthroleptis phrynoides","v":"Lomami screeching frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Lomami screeching frog (Arthroleptis phrynoides) is known only from a single locality in central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arthroleptis phrynoides (Laurent, 1976)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Arthroleptis vercammeni","v":"Mwana screeching frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Mwana screeching frog (Arthroleptis vercammeni) is known only from a single locality in the Mitumba Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arthroleptis vercammeni (Laurent, 1954)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Atelopus reticulatus","v":"reticulated stubfoot toad","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The reticulated stubfoot toad (Atelopus reticulatus) is known only from a single locality within the Azul Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atelopus reticulatus Lötters, Haas, Schick & Böhme, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Caecilia antioquiaensis","v":"Antioquia caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Antioquia caecilian (Caecilia antioquiaensis) is known only from a single locality in northwestern Colombia (Antioquia department), but may perhaps occur more widely.","l":"dd","iucn":"Caecilia antioquiaensis Taylor, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cochranella phryxa","v":"Taylor's Cochran frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Taylor's Cochran frog (Cochranella phryxa) is known only from a single locality in western Bolivia (La Paz department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cochranella phryxa Aguayo & Harvey, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Colostethus poecilonotus","v":"Amazonas rocket frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Amazonas rocket frog (Colostethus poecilonotus) is known only from a single locality in northwestern Peru (Amazonas department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Colostethus poecilonotus Rivero, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cophixalus tetzlaffi","v":"Bomberai rainforest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bomberai rainforest frog (Cophixalus tetzlaffi) is known only from a single locality in the southwestern Vogelkop Peninsula.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophixalus tetzlaffi Günther, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Copiula exspectata","v":"Yapen Mehely frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Yapen Mehely frog (Copiula exspectata) is known only from a single locality on Yapen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Copiula exspectata Günther, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cornufer bimaculatus","v":"Wondiwoi wrinkled ground frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Wondiwoi wrinkled ground frog (Cornufer bimaculatus) is known only from a single locality within the Wondiwoi Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cornufer bimaculatus (Günther, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cornufer wuenscheorum","v":"Wünsches' wrinkled ground frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Wünsches' wrinkled ground frog (Cornufer wuenscheorum) is known only from Amoman Mountain on Yapen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cornufer wuenscheorum (Günther, 2006)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Craugastor batrachylus","v":"Miquihuana rain frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Miquihuana rain frog (Craugastor batrachylus) is known only from a single locality in southwestern Tamaulipas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Craugastor batrachylus (Taylor, 1940)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crossodactylodes pintoi","v":"Pinto's bromeliad frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Pinto's bromeliad frog (Crossodactylodes pintoi) is known only from a single locality in Rio de Janeiro state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crossodactylodes pintoi Cochran, 1938","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cryptothylax minutus","v":"Tumba tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Tumba tree frog (Cryptothylax minutus) is known only from the Lake Tumba area of west-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptothylax minutus Laurent, 1976","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Ctenophryne minor","v":"Quebrada Guanguí egg frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Quebrada Guanguí egg frog (Ctenophryne minor) is known only from a single locality in southwestern Colombia (Cauca department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ctenophryne minor Zweifel and Myers, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendrophryniscus stawiarskyi","v":"Stawiarsky's toad","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Stawiarsky's toad (Dendrophryniscus stawiarskyi) is known only from a single locality in southeastern Brazil (Paraná).","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrophryniscus stawiarskyi Izecksohn, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dendropsophus rhea","v":"rhea yellow tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The rhea yellow tree frog (Dendropsophus rhea) is known only from a single locality in southeastern Brazil (São Paulo).","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendropsophus rhea (Napoli & Caramaschi, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Epicrionops peruvianus","v":"Marcapata Valley caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Marcapata Valley caecilian (Epicrionops peruvianus) is known only from the Marcapata Valley in southeastern Peru (Cusco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Epicrionops peruvianus (Boulenger, 1902)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gastrotheca abdita","v":"Colán marsupial frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Colán marsupial frog (Gastrotheca abdita) is known only from a single locality within the Colán Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gastrotheca abdita Duellman, 1987","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gastrotheca zeugocystis","v":"Carpish marsupial frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Carpish marsupial frog (Gastrotheca zeugocystis) is known only from a single locality within the Carpish Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gastrotheca zeugocystis Duellman, Lehr, Rodriguez and von May, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Holoaden pholeter","v":"Órgãos highland frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Órgãos highland frog (Holoaden pholeter) is known only from a single locality within the Organ Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Holoaden pholeter Pombal, Siqueira, Dorigo, Vrcibradic & Rocha, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyloxalus faciopunctulatus","v":"Puerto Nariño rocket frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Puerto Nariño rocket frog (Hyloxalus faciopunctulatus) is known only from a single locality in southeastern Colombia (Amazonas department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyloxalus faciopunctulatus (Rivero, 1991)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyloxalus spilotogaster","v":"Colán rocket frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Colán rocket frog (Hyloxalus spilotogaster) is known only from a single locality within the Colán Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyloxalus spilotogaster (Duellman, 2004)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hynobius chinensis","v":"Yichang salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Yichang salamander (Hynobius chinensis) is known only from a single locality in central China (Hubei province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hynobius chinensis Günther, 1889","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyperolius ferrugineus","v":"Ituri reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Ituri reed frog (Hyperolius ferrugineus) is known only from a single locality in the Ituri Forest.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius ferrugineus Laurent, 1943","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyperolius jacobseni","v":"Jacobsen's reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Jacobsen's reed frog (Hyperolius jacobseni) is known only from a single locality in southern Central African Republic.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius jacobseni Channing, 2013","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyperolius lupiroensis","v":"Lupiro reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lupiro reed frog (Hyperolius lupiroensis) is known only from a single locality on the northern tip of the Mahenge Massif.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius lupiroensis Channing, 2013","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Indotyphlus maharashtraensis","v":"Humbarli caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Humbarli caecilian (Indotyphlus maharashtraensis) is known only from a single locality in Maharashtra.","l":"dd","iucn":"Indotyphlus maharashtraensis Giri, Gower & Wilkinson, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptobrachella nahangensis","v":"Na Hang dwarf litter frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Na Hang dwarf litter frog (Leptobrachella nahangensis) is known only from a cave entrance in the Na Hang Nature Reserve of northern Vietnam (Tuyen Quang province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptobrachella nahangensis (Lathrop, Murphy, Orlov & Cuc, 1998)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Megaelosia jordanensis","v":"Campos do Jordão big-tooth frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Campos do Jordão big-tooth frog (Megaelosia jordanensis) is known only from a single locality in São Paulo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Megaelosia jordanensis (Heyer, 1983)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Microcaecilia iwokramae","v":"Iwokrama caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Iwokrama caecilian (Microcaecilia iwokramae) appears to be confined to the Iwokrama Forest.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microcaecilia iwokramae Wake & Donnelly, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Microhyla maculifera","v":"Sabah rice frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Sabah rice frog (Microhyla maculifera) is known only from the Danum Valley Conservation Area in northern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Microhyla maculifera Inger, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mixophyes hihihorlo","v":"Namosado barred frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Namosado barred frog (Mixophyes hihihorlo) is known only from a single locality in western Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mixophyes hihihorlo Donnellan, Mahony & Davies, 1990","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nanorana mokokchungensis","v":"Mokochung tiny frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Mokochung tiny frog (Nanorana mokokchungensis) is known only from a single locality in northeastern India (Nagaland).","l":"dd","iucn":"Nanorana mokokchungensis (Das & Chanda, 2000)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oscaecilia koepckeorum","v":"Quisto Cocha caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Quisto Cocha caecilian (Oscaecilia koepckeorum) is known only from a single locality in northern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oscaecilia koepckeorum Wake, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Papurana aurata","v":"golden swamp frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The golden swamp frog (Papurana aurata) is known only from a single locality in Papua province, Indonesia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Papurana aurata (Günther, 2003)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phrynobatrachus taiensis","v":"Taï puddle frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Taï Forest in southwestern Ivory Coast","e":"The Taï puddle frog (Phrynobatrachus taiensis) is known only from a single locality within Taï National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phrynobatrachus taiensis Perret, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phrynomedusa bokermanni","v":"Bokermann's coloured leaf frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Bokermann's coloured leaf frog (Phrynomedusa bokermanni) is known only from a single locality in coastal southeastern Brazil (São Paulo).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phrynomedusa bokermanni Cruz, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phrynopus thompsoni","v":"Thompson's Andes frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Thompson's Andes frog (Phrynopus thompsoni) is known only from a single locality in western Peru (La Libertad department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phrynopus thompsoni Duellman, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Polypedates hecticus","v":"Samar tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Samar","e":"The Samar tree frog (Polypedates hecticus) is known only from a single locality on Samar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Polypedates hecticus Peters, 1863","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ptychadena harenna","v":"Harenna ridged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Harenna ridged frog (Ptychadena harenna) is confined to the Harenna Forest.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ptychadena harenna Largen, 1997","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Pulchrana debussyi","v":"Battak frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Battak frog (Pulchrana debussyi) is known only from a single locality in the Battak Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pulchrana debussyi (van Kampen, 1910)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhaebo lynchi","v":"Lynch's Andes toad","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Lynch's Andes toad (Rhaebo lynchi) is known only from a single locality in northwestern Colombia (Antioquia department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhaebo lynchi Mueses-Cisneros, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhinella gnustae","v":"Rio Grande beaked toad","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Rio Grande beaked toad (Rhinella gnustae) is known only from a single locality in northwestern Argentina (Juyjuy province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinella gnustae (Gallardo, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Telmatobius colanensis","v":"Colán water frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Colán water frog (Telmatobius colanensis) is a semi-aquatic species known only from a single locality within the Colán Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Telmatobius colanensis Wiens, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Theloderma nagalandense","v":"Nagaland bug-eyed tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Nagaland bug-eyed tree frog (Theloderma nagalandense) is known only from a single locality within the Naga Hills of northeastern India (Nagaland).","l":"dd","iucn":"Theloderma nagalandense Orlov, Dutta, Ghate & Kent, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Truebella skoptes","v":"Skoptes toad","c":"Amphibia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Skoptes toad (Truebella skoptes) is known only from a single locality in south-central Peru (Junín department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Truebella skoptes Graybeal and Cannatella, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Abrocoma vaccarum","v":"Punta de Vacas chinchilla rat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Punta de Vacas chinchilla rat (Abrocoma vaccarum) is known only from a single locality in west-central Argentina (Mendoza province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Abrocoma vaccarum Thomas, 1921","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Anonymomys mindorensis","v":"Mindoro climbing rat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Mindoro climbing rat (Anonymomys mindorensis) is known only from Ilong Peak in the Halcon Range of north-central Mindoro, though it may be more widely distributed.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anonymomys mindorensis Musser, 1981","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Brucepattersonius guarani","v":"Guaraní akodont","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Guaraní akodont (Brucepattersonius guarani) is a type of rodent known only from a single locality in northeastern Argentina (Misones province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Brucepattersonius guarani Mares & Braun, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cavia patzelti","v":"Sacha guinea pig","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Sacha guinea pig (Cavia patzelti) is known only from a single locality in the highlands of Mount Chimborazo, an inactive stratovolcano in central Ecuador (Chimborazo province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cavia patzelti Schliemann, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crocidura floweri","v":"Flower's shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Flower's shrew (Crocidura floweri) is known only from the Nile River delta, where it may have gone extinct in the early 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura floweri Dollman, 1915","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura pergrisea","v":"pale grey shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The pale grey shrew (Crocidura pergrisea) is known only from a single locality in Pakistan-administered Kashmir.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura pergrisea Miller, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crocidura selina","v":"moon shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The moon shrew (Crocidura selina) is known only from three swamp forest localities in central Uganda.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura selina Dollman, 1915","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura vosmaeri","v":"Bangka shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Bangka shrew (Crocidura vosmaeri) is a little-known species confined to the island's remaining forests.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura vosmaeri Jentink, 1888","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dicrostonyx vinogradovi","v":"Wrangel collared lemming","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Wrangel Island","e":"The Wrangel lemming (Lemmus portenkoi) and Wrangel collared lemming (Dicrostonyx vinogradovi) are both confined to Wrangel Island, where they are considered intrinsically vulnerable due to their small range and marked population fluctuations.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dicrostonyx vinogradovi Ognev, 1948","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gardnerycteris koepckeae","v":"Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Koepcke's hairy-nosed bat (Gardnerycteris koepckeae) is known only from a single locality in south-central Peru (Cusco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gardnerycteris koepckeae Gardner & Patton, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Glauconycteris kenyacola","v":"Kenyan wattled bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The East African coastal forests","e":"The Kenyan wattled bat (Glauconycteris kenyacola) is known only from a single locality in coastal southeastern Kenya (former Coast province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Glauconycteris kenyacola R.L. Peterson, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lemmus portenkoi","v":"Wrangel lemming","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Wrangel Island","e":"The Wrangel lemming (Lemmus portenkoi) and Wrangel collared lemming (Dicrostonyx vinogradovi) are both confined to Wrangel Island, where they are considered intrinsically vulnerable due to their small range and marked population fluctuations.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lemmus portenkoi Tchernyavsky, 1967","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Margaretamys parvus","v":"lesser Margareta rat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The lesser Margareta rat (Margaretamys parvus) is confined to montane forest on Mount Nokilalaki.","l":"dd","iucn":"Margaretamys parvus Musser, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Micronycteris matses","v":"Matses' big-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"Matses' big-eared bat (Micronycteris matses) is known only from a single locality in northeastern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micronycteris matses Simmons, Voss & Fleck, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Microtus mujanensis","v":"Muisk vole","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Muisk vole (Microtus mujanensis) is known only from the Muya Valley in east-central Siberia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microtus mujanensis Orlov & Kovalskaya, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Monodelphis handleyi","v":"Handley's short-tailed opossum","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"Handley's short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis handleyi) is known only from a single locality on the east bank of the Ucayali River in northeastern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Monodelphis handleyi Solari, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Murina fusca","v":"dusky tube-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The dusky tube-nosed bat (Murina fusca) is known only from a single locality in northeastern China (Heilongjiang).","l":"dd","iucn":"Murina fusca Sowerby, 1922","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myotis dieteri","v":"Dieter's mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"Dieter's mouse-eared bat (Myotis dieteri) is known only from a single cave in southern Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis dieteri Happold, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Otomops wroughtoni","v":"Wroughton's mastiff bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Wroughton's mastiff bat (Otomops wroughtoni) was, until recently, known only from a single cave in the Western Ghats of southwestern India (Karnataka).","l":"dd","iucn":"Otomops wroughtoni (Thomas, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Paratriaenops pauliani","v":"Aldabra trident bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Aldabra","e":"The Aldabra trident bat (Paratriaenops pauliani) is little-known and apparently confined to Picard Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paratriaenops pauliani Goodman et Ranivo, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phyllotis anitae","v":"Anita's leaf-eared mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Anita's leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis anitae) is known only from a single locality within the Aconquija Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phyllotis anitae Jayat, D'Elia, Pardiñas & Namen, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudohydromys patriciae","v":"Woolley's moss-mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Woolley's moss-mouse (Pseudohydromys patriciae) is known only from a single locality within the Maoke Mountains (Papua province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudohydromys patriciae K.M. Helgen & L.E. Helgen, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rattus timorensis","v":"Timor forest rat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Timor forest rat (Rattus timorensis) is confined to montane forest on Timor.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rattus timorensis Kitchener, Aplin & Boeadi, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinolophus nereis","v":"Andersen's horseshoe bat","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Andersen's horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus nereis) is known only from Siantan Island in the Anambas Islands and from the North Natuna Islands, in the South China Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinolophus nereis K. Andersen, 1905","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sorex kozlovi","v":"Kozlov's shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Kozlov's shrew (Sorex kozlovi) is known only from a single locality in eastern Tibet.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sorex kozlovi Stroganov, 1952","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sorex leucogaster","v":"Paramushir shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Paramushir shrew (Sorex leucogaster) is confined to Paramushir Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sorex leucogaster Kuroda, 1933","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sundasciurus davensis","v":"Davao squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Located in the southeastern Philippines, Mindanao","e":"The Davao squirrel (Sundasciurus davensis) is known only from a single locality in eastern Mindanao.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sundasciurus davensis (Sanborn, 1952)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lethenteron alaskense","v":"darktail lamprey","c":"Petromyzonti","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The darktail lamprey (Lethenteron alaskense) is known only from a few river and creek localities in central and southern Alaska, with an additional highly disjunct record from northwestern Canada (Northwest Territories).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lethenteron alaskense Vladykov & Kott, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Abronia ornelasi","v":"Baul arboreal alligator lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Baul arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia ornelasi) is confined to the cloud forest onMount Baul.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abronia ornelasi Campbell, 1984","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Acutotyphlops banaorum","v":"Luzon blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Cordillera Central","e":"The Luzon blind snake (Acutotyphlops banaorum) is known only from a single locality in northwestern Luzon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acutotyphlops banaorum Wallach, Brown, Diesmos & Gee, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anolis caquetae","v":"Vaupes anole","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Vaupes anole (Anolis caquetae) is known only from a single locality in southastern Colombia (Vaupes department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis caquetae Williams, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Atractus mijaresi","v":"Mijares' ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Sierra Nevada de Mérida","e":"Mijares' ground snake (Atractus mijaresi) is known only from a single locality in Mérida state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus mijaresi Esqueda & La Marca, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Atractus vertebralis","v":"vertebral ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The vertebral ground snake (Atractus vertebralis) is known only from a single locality in the Carabaya Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus vertebralis Boulenger, 1904","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Barkudia melanosticta","v":"Russell's legless skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Russell's legless skink (Barkudia melanosticta) is known only from a single locality in central-eastern coastal India (Andra Pradesh).","l":"dd","iucn":"Barkudia melanosticta (Schneider, 1801)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Brachyseps spilostichus","v":"banded skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"The banded skink (Brachyseps spilostichus) is known only from the Tsararano Forest in northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Brachyseps spilostichus (Andreone & Greer, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cerberus microlepis","v":"Buhi dog-faced water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Buhi dog-faced water snake (Cerberus microlepis) is known only from Lake Buhi, where it was last recorded in the early 1990s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cerberus microlepis Boulenger, 1896","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cercosaura hypnoides","v":"Vereda Portachuelo teiid","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Vereda Portachuelo teiid (Cercosaura hypnoides) is a type of lizard known only from a single locality in the Cordillera Oriental of central Colombia (Meta department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cercosaura hypnoides Doan & Lamarr, 2012","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chalcides levitoni","v":"Leviton's cylindrical skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Leviton's cylindrical skink (Chalcides levitoni) is known only from a single locality in southwestern Saudi Arabia (Jizan region).","l":"dd","iucn":"Chalcides levitoni Pasteur, 1978","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyrtodactylus murua","v":"Woodlark bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Woodlark bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus murua) is confined to Woodlark Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyrtodactylus murua Kraus & Allison, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Diaphorolepis laevis","v":"Colombian frog-eating snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Colombian frog-eating snake (Diaphorolepis laevis) is known only from a single locality in southeastern Colombia (Amazonas department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Diaphorolepis laevis Werner, 1923","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Echis hughesi","v":"Hughes' saw-scaled viper","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Hughes' saw-scaled viper (Echis hughesi) is known only from a single locality near the tip of the Horn of Africa in Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Echis hughesi Cherlin, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eirenis rechingeri","v":"Rechinger's dwarf racer","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Rechinger's dwarf racer (Eirenis rechingeri) is known only from a single locality within the Zagros Mountains of southwestern Iran.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eirenis rechingeri Eiselt, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Epictia alfredschmidti","v":"Alfred Schmidt's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Alfred Schmidt's blind snake (Epictia alfredschmidti) is known only from a single locality in western Peru (Ancash department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Epictia alfredschmidti (Lehr, Wallach, Köhler & Aguilar, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Epictia peruviana","v":"Junín blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Junín blind snake (Epictia peruviana) is known only from a single locality in central Peru (Junín department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Epictia peruviana (Orejas-Miranda, 1969)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Erythrolamprus pyburni","v":"Pyburn's false coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Terra firma","e":"Pyburn's false coral snake (Erythrolamprus pyburni) is known only from a single locality in central Colombia (Meta department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Erythrolamprus pyburni (Markezich & Dixon, 1979)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ficimia ramirezi","v":"Ramirez's hook-nosed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"Ramirez's hook-nosed snake (Ficimia ramirezi) is known only from a single locality in southern Mexico on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ficimia ramirezi Smith & Langebartel, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis downsi","v":"Savage's earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Isthmian Highlands","e":"Savage's earth snake (Geophis downsi) is known only from a single locality in southwestern Costa Rica (Puntarenas province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis downsi Savage, 1981","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis juarezi","v":"Juárez earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Juárez earth snake (Geophis juarezi) is known only from a single locality within the Juárez Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis juarezi Nieto-Montes de Oca, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis maculiferus","v":"Michoacán earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Michoacán earth snake (Geophis maculiferus) is known only from a single locality in extreme eastern Michoacán.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis maculiferus Taylor, 1941","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Gerrhopilus hades","v":"Rossel worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Rossel worm snake (Gerrhopilus hades) is known only from Rossel Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerrhopilus hades (Kraus, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gonatodes lichenosus","v":"Perija? lichen gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Perija? lichen gecko (Gonatodes lichenosus) is confined to the Manastara Valley on the eastern versant of the       Perijá Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gonatodes lichenosus Rojas-Runjaic, Infante-Rivero, Cabello & Velozo, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hebius andreae","v":"Andrea's keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Andrea's keelback (Hebius andreae) is a type of nonvenomous snake known only from a single locality adjacent to Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park in north-central Vietnam (Quang Binh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hebius andreae (Ziegler & Le Khac Quyet, 2006)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemidactylus lamaensis","v":"Lama Forest house gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Lama Forest house gecko (Hemidactylus lamaensis) is known only from a single locality in southern Benin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemidactylus lamaensis Ullenbruch, Grell & Böhme, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsilurus nigrigularis","v":"Cenderawasih forest dragon","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cenderawasih forest dragon (Hypsilurus nigrigularis) is an agamid lizard known only from a single locality on the southern coast of Cenderawasih Bay in Papua province, Indonesia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsilurus nigrigularis (Meyer, 1874)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidophyma lowei","v":"Lowe's tropical night lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"Lowe's tropical night lizard (Lepidophyma lowei) is known only from a single locality in northern Oaxaca.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidophyma lowei Bezy & Camarillo, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptosiaphos blochmanni","v":"Blochmann's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Albertine Rift","e":"Blochmann's skink (Leptosiaphos blochmanni) is known only from the Nyungwe Forest in southwestern Rwanda.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptosiaphos blochmanni (Tornier, 1903)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lipinia miangensis","v":"Werner's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Werner's skink (Lipinia miangensis) is known only from Miang Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lipinia miangensis (Werner, 1910)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lipinia zamboangensis","v":"rusty skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The rusty skink (Lipinia zamboangensis) is known only from Dapitan Peak.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lipinia zamboangensis (Brown & Alcala, 1963)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Macropholidus ataktolepis","v":"Cachil spectacled lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cachil spectacled lizard (Macropholidus ataktolepis) is known only from a single locality in northwestern Peru (Cajamarca department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Macropholidus ataktolepis Cadle & Chuna, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Malayotyphlops koekkoeki","v":"Koekkoek's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Koekkoek's blind snake (Malayotyphlops koekkoeki) is known only from Bunyu Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Malayotyphlops koekkoeki (Brongersma, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myriopholis natatrix","v":"Gambian blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Gambian blind snake (Myriopholis natatrix) is known only from McCarthy Island, where it has not definitely been recorded since before 1937.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myriopholis natatrix (Andersson, 1937)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oligodon praefrontalis","v":"Weh kukri snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Weh kukri snake (Oligodon praefrontalis) is confined to Weh Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oligodon praefrontalis Werner, 1913","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pachycalamus brevis","v":"short worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The short worm lizard (Pachycalamus brevis) is confined to Socotra Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pachycalamus brevis Günther, 1881","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paracontias manify","v":"Tsaratanana skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Tsaratanana skink (Paracontias manify) is confined to the Tsaratanana Massif.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracontias manify Andreone & Greer, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paracontias tsararano","v":"Tsararano Forest skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"The Tsararano Forest skink (Paracontias tsararano) is known only from a single locality in northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province), but may perhaps be more widespread.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracontias tsararano Andreone & Greer, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Petracola labioocularis","v":"Chaglla lightbulb lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Chaglla lightbulb lizard (Petracola labioocularis) is known only from a single locality in central Peru (Huánuco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Petracola labioocularis (Köhler & Lehr, 2004)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pliocercus wilmarai","v":"Santa Marta false coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Santa Marta false coral snake (Pliocercus wilmarai) is confined to cloud forest on Santa Marta Volcano.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pliocercus wilmarai Smith, Pérez-Higareda & Chiszar, 1996","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pristurus mazbah","v":"Mazbah rock gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Mazbah rock gecko (Pristurus mazbah) is known only from a single locality in western Yemen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristurus mazbah Al Safadi, 1989","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudogonatodes furvus","v":"Magdalena clawed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Magdalena clawed gecko (Pseudogonatodes furvus) is known only from a single locality in Magdalena department, where it was last recorded in 1980.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudogonatodes furvus Ruthven, 1915","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops aluensis","v":"Taveuni blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"Taveuni","e":"The Taveuni blind snake (Ramphotyphlops aluensis) is known only from a single locality on Taveuni.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops aluensis (Boulenger, 1887)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops lorenzi","v":"Lorenz's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Lorenz's blind snake (Ramphotyphlops lorenzi) is known only from Miang Island, where it was last recorded in 1909.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops lorenzi (Werner, 1909)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhadinophanes monticola","v":"Puerto del Gallo graceful mountain snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"The Puerto del Gallo graceful mountain snake (Rhadinophanes monticola) is known only from a single locality in south-central Guerrero.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhadinophanes monticola Myers & Campbell, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Riama inanis","v":"Portuguesa lightbulb lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Portuguesa lightbulb lizard (Riama inanis) is known only from a single locality within the Portuguesa Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Riama inanis (Doan & Schargel, 2003)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sceloporus tanneri","v":"Tanner's spiny lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Tanner's spiny lizard (Sceloporus tanneri) is known only from a single locality in the Miahuatlán Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sceloporus tanneri Smith & Larsen, 1975","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphenomorphus rufus","v":"Wokam skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Wokam skink (Sphenomorphus rufus) is confined to Wokam Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphenomorphus rufus (Boulenger, 1887)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenocercus praeornatus","v":"greater ornate whorltail iguana","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The greater ornate whorltail iguana (Stenocercus praeornatus) is known only from a single locality in central Peru (Junín department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenocercus praeornatus Fritts, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Thamnophis rossmani","v":"Rossman's garter snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Rossman's garter snake (Thamnophis rossmani) is a highly aquatic species known only from a single locality in western Mexico (Nayarit).","l":"dd","iucn":"Thamnophis rossmani Conant, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Toxicocalamus pachysomus","v":"Cloudy Mountains worm-eating snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Cloudy Mountains worm-eating snake (Toxicocalamus pachysomus) is known only from a single locality within the Cloudy Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Toxicocalamus pachysomus Kraus, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Vietnascincus rugosus","v":"wrinkly skink","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The wrinkly skink (Vietnascincus rugosus) is known only from a single locality on the border of Gia Lai and Kon Tum provinces.","l":"dd","iucn":"Vietnascincus rugosus Darevsky & Orlov, 1994","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Xerotyphlops etheridgei","v":"Etheridge's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"Etheridge's blind snake (Xerotyphlops etheridgei) is known only from a single locality in west-central Mauritania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xerotyphlops etheridgei (Wallach, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xerotyphlops wilsoni","v":"Iranian worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":4,"b":"single named site","s":"","e":"The Iranian worm snake (Xerotyphlops wilsoni) is known only from a single locality in southwestern Iran.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xerotyphlops wilsoni (Wall, 1908)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Akysis bilustris","v":"Kong stream catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Kong stream catfish (Akysis bilustris) is known only from two localities within the Kong River drainage of southern Laos (Attapeu province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Akysis bilustris Ng, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Akysis portellus","v":"Sittaung stream catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Sittaung stream catfish (Akysis portellus) is known only from hillstreams in the Sittaung River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Akysis portellus Ng, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Amblyceps variegatum","v":"Khwae Noi torrent catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Khwae Noi naked catfish (Batasio tigrinus) and Khwae Noi torrent catfish (Amblyceps variegatum) are both known only from hillstreams within the Khwae Noi River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyceps variegatum Ng & Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amphilius lentiginosus","v":"Cuvo catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Cuvo catfish (Amphilius lentiginosus) is known only from Mount Moko, within the Cuvo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amphilius lentiginosus Trewavas, 1936","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anablepsoides taeniatus","v":"Morelia killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Morelia killifish (Anablepsoides taeniatus) is known only from the upper Caquetá River drainage of southwestern Colombia, where it was last collected during the 1940s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anablepsoides taeniatus (Fowler, 1945)","sil":true,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Apistogramma rositae","v":"Marañón dwarf cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Marañón dwarf cichlid (Apistogramma rositae) is known only from the Marañon River drainage between the Pastaza and Tigre tributaries, opposite the mouth of the Huallaga River (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Apistogramma rositae Romer, Romer & Hahn, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus boulengeri","v":"Boulenger's naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Boulenger's naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus boulengeri) is confined to the Napo-Pastaza drainage in eastern Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus boulengeri (Regan, 1904)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Batasio tigrinus","v":"Khwae Noi naked catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Khwae Noi naked catfish (Batasio tigrinus) and Khwae Noi torrent catfish (Amblyceps variegatum) are both known only from hillstreams within the Khwae Noi River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Batasio tigrinus Ng & Kottelat, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Betadevario ramachandrani","v":"Seetha danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Seetha danio (Betadevario ramachandrani) is confined to the upper Seetha River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Betadevario ramachandrani Pramod, Fang, Rema Devi, Liao, Indra, Jameela Beevi & Kullander, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Catostomus plebeius","v":"Rio Grande sucker","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"The Rio Grande","e":"The Rio Grande sucker (Catostomus plebeius) is confined to the Rio Grande drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Catostomus plebeius Baird & Girard, 1854","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chrysobrycon eliasi","v":"Elias' characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Elias' characin (Chrysobrycon eliasi) is known only from the Madre de Dios River drainage in southeastern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chrysobrycon eliasi Vanegas-Ríos, Azpelicueta & Ortega, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dario dario","v":"scarlet chameleonfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The scarlet chameleonfish (Dario dario) is known only from tributary streams in the Brahmaputra drainage of northern India (West Bengal and Assam), though it may perhaps occur as well in Bhutan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dario dario (Hamilton, 1822)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Devario acrostomus","v":"Leuk danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Leuk danio (Devario acrostomus) is known only from forested streams within the Leuk River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Devario acrostomus (Fang & Kottelat, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Distichodus langi","v":"Lang's disichodus","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Lang's disichodus (Distichodus langi) is known only from Faradje in the Uele River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Distichodus langi Nichols & Griscom, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius wellmani","v":"Wellman's barbel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Wellman's barbel (Enteromius wellmani) is confined to the upper reaches of the Cuvo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius wellmani (Boulenger, 1911)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Glyptothorax buchanani","v":"Buchanan's mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Buchanan's mountain catfish (Glyptothorax buchanani) is known only from the upper Chao Phraya River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax buchanani Smith, 1945","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemibrycon divisorensis","v":"Sierra del Divisor characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Sierra del Divisor characin (Hemibrycon divisorensis) is known only from the right margin of the Ucayali River drainage in Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon divisorensis Bertaco, Malabarba, Hidalgo & Ortega, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibrycon microformaa","v":"Chintadó characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Chintadó characin (Hemibrycon microformaa) is known only from the upper Atrato River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon microformaa Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C., 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibrycon paez","v":"Páez characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Páez characin (Hemibrycon paez) is known only from the Páez River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon paez Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibrycon raqueliae","v":"La Miel characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The La Miel characin (Hemibrycon raqueliae) is confined to creeks within the La Miel River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon raqueliae Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus rhinoceros","v":"rhinoceros yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The rhinoceros yellowfish (Labeobarbus rhinoceros) is confined to the Athi and Tana River drainage in Kenya, where it is heavily fished.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus rhinoceros (Copley, 1938)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nangra ornata","v":"ornate catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The ornate catfish (Nangra ornata) is known only from the Surma-Meghna drainage in northeastern Bangladesh (Sylhet province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Nangra ornata Roberts & Ferraris, 1998","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Neonoemacheilus peguensis","v":"Pegu stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Pegu stone loach (Neonoemacheilus peguensis) is known only from the Pegu Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neonoemacheilus peguensis (Hora, 1929)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nosferatu bartoni","v":"Barton's cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Barton's cichlid (Nosferatu bartoni) is confined to a few areas of the Pánuco River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nosferatu bartoni (Bean, 1892)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreoglanis laciniosus","v":"Mae Sa Nga bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Mae Sa Nga bat-catfish (Oreoglanis laciniosus) is known only from two streams in the Mae Sa Nga drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis laciniosus Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parauchenoglanis ahli","v":"Ahl's catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Ahl's catfish (Parauchenoglanis ahli) is known only from the upper Cross River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parauchenoglanis ahli (Holly, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pareuchiloglanis namdeensis","v":"Dê catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Dê catfish (Pareuchiloglanis namdeensis) is known only from the Dê River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pareuchiloglanis namdeensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pethia padamya","v":"ruby barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The ruby barb (Pethia padamya) is a popular aquarium fish that, in the wild state, is known only from the lower Irrawaddy drainage along with an artificial pond above the Anisakan Falls in central Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pethia padamya (Kullander & Britz, 2008)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Polypterus teugelsi","v":"Teugels' bichir","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Teugels' bichir (Polypterus teugelsi) is known only from the upper Cross River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Polypterus teugelsi Britz, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudochromis omanensis","v":"Oman dottyback","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Oman dottyback (Pseudochromis omanensis) is known only from coastal Oman and the Socotra Archipelago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudochromis omanensis Gill & Mee, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudomystus sobrinus","v":"Da Rang bumblebee catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Da Rang bumblebee catfish (Pseudomystus sobrinus) is known only from the Da Rang River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudomystus sobrinus Ng & Freyhof, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhamdella rusbyi","v":"Rusby's three-barbeled catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Rusby's three-barbeled catfish (Rhamdella rusbyi) is known only from the upper Beni River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhamdella rusbyi Pearson, 1924","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinogobius nganfoensis","v":"Lam stream goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Lam stream goby (Rhinogobius nganfoensis) is confined to creeks and small rivers within the catchment area of the Lam River in northern Vietnam (Nghe An province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius nganfoensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura dalatensis","v":"Dong Nai stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Dong Nai stone loach (Schistura dalatensis) is known only from the Dong Nai River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura dalatensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Schistura spilota","v":"Ping stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Ping stone loach (Schistura spilota) is confined to the upper Ping River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura spilota (Fowler, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Schizopygopsis thermalis","v":"Tibetan osman","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Tibetan osman (Schizopygopsis thermalis) is confined to the upper Salween River drainage in Tibet.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizopygopsis thermalis Herzenstein, 1891","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schizothorax molesworthi","v":"blunt-nosed snowtrout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The blunt-nosed snowtrout (Schizothorax molesworthi) is known only from the upper Brahmaputra River drainage, where it is heavily exploited for food.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizothorax molesworthi (Chaudhuri, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys","v":"Caquetá whiptail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Caquetá whiptail catfish (Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys) is known only from the upper Caquetá River drainage of southwestern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Spatuloricaria euacanthagenys Isbrücker, 1979","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tachysurus longispinalis","v":"Ngoi Bo catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Ngoi Bo catfish (Tachysurus longispinalis) is known only from the Ngoi Bo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tachysurus longispinalis (Nguyen, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Yasuhikotakia longidorsalis","v":"long-finned loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The long-finned loach (Yasuhikotakia longidorsalis) is confined to the Mekong drainage of central Laos and northeastern Thailand, where it is threatened by dam construction.","l":"dd","iucn":"Yasuhikotakia longidorsalis (Taki & Doi, 1995)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cophixalus peninsularis","v":"McIlwraith rainforest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The McIlwraith rainforest frog (Cophixalus peninsularis) is known only from the McIlwraith Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophixalus peninsularis Zweifel, 1985","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyloxalus patitae","v":"Sira rocket frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Sira rocket frog (Hyloxalus patitae) is confined to the Sira Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyloxalus patitae (Lötters, Morales and Proy, 2003)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ischnocnema pusilla","v":"Bocaina robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Bocaina robber frog (Ischnocnema pusilla) is known only from the Bocaina Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ischnocnema pusilla (Bokermann, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Papurana grisea","v":"grey swamp frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The grey swamp frog (Papurana grisea) is known only from the Went Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Papurana grisea (van Kampen, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Phyllomedusa neildi","v":"Neild's leaf frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The San Luis beaked toad (Rhinella sclerocephala) is confined to the San Luis Range, where it is threatened by loss of habitat and overcollection for use in “traditional medicine.” Neild's leaf frog (Phyllomedusa neildi) appears to be confined to the San Luis Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phyllomedusa neildi Barrio-Amorós, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Physalaemus insperatus","v":"Guaratuba foam-nest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Guaratuba foam-nest frog (Physalaemus insperatus) is known only from the Pedra Branca do Araraquara Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Physalaemus insperatus Cruz, Cassini & Caramaschi, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Physalaemus irroratus","v":"Cariri foam-nest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Cariri foam-nest frog (Physalaemus irroratus) is known only from the Cariri Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Physalaemus irroratus Cruz, Nascimento & Feio, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Stefania tamacuarina","v":"Tapirapecó carrying frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Tapirapecó carrying frog (Stefania tamacuarina) is known only from the Tapirapecó Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stefania tamacuarina Myers & Donnelly, 1997","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Xenorhina adisca","v":"Tembagapura fanged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Tembagapura fanged frog (Xenorhina adisca) is known only from the Sudirman Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenorhina adisca Kraus & Allison, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myzomela albigula","v":"white-chinned myzomela","c":"Aves","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"The Louisiade Archipelago","e":"The white-chinned myzomela (Myzomela albigula) is a type of honeyeater known only from the smaller islands of the Louisiade Archipelago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myzomela albigula Hartert, 1898","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Abrocoma budini","v":"Budin's chinchilla rat","c":"Mammalia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Budin's chinchilla rat (Abrocoma budini) appears to be confined to the Ambato Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abrocoma budini Thomas, 1920","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Abrocoma famatina","v":"Famatina chinchilla rat","c":"Mammalia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Famatina chinchilla rat (Abrocoma famatina) is known only from the Famatina Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abrocoma famatina Thomas, 1920","sil":false,"thr":["mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Abrocoma uspallata","v":"Uspallata chinchilla rat","c":"Mammalia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Uspallata chinchilla rat (Abrocoma uspallata) is known only from two localities within the Uspallata Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abrocoma uspallata Braun & Mares, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lagidium wolffsohni","v":"Wolffsohn's viscacha","c":"Mammalia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Wolffsohn's viscacha (Lagidium wolffsohni) is a chinchilla-like rodent confined to the Baguales Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lagidium wolffsohni (Thomas, 1907)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anolis duellmani","v":"Duellman's anole","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Duellman's anole (Anolis duellmani) is confined to the Tuxtlas Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis duellmani (Fitch & Henderson, 1973)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anolis rubiginosus","v":"Juárez anole","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Juárez anole (Anolis rubiginosus) is confined to the Juárez Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis rubiginosus Bocourt, 1873","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Diploglossus montisilvestris","v":"Pirre galliwasp","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Pirre galliwasp (Diploglossus montisilvestris) is a type of lizard confined to the Pirre Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Diploglossus montisilvestris Myers, 1973","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dipsas baliomelas","v":"Macarena snail-eater","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Macarena snail-eater (Dipsas baliomelas) is a type of snake known only from cloud forests in the Macarena Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dipsas baliomelas Harvey, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis incomptus","v":"Coalcomán earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Coalcomán earth snake (Geophis incomptus) is confined to an area of the Coalcomán Range in Jalisco.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis incomptus Duellman, 1959","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Imantodes phantasma","v":"Pirre blunt-headed vine snake","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Pirre blunt-headed vine snake (Imantodes phantasma) is confined to the Pirre Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Imantodes phantasma Myers, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidophyma lineri","v":"Liner's tropical night lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"Liner's tropical night lizard (Lepidophyma lineri) is confined to the Miahuatlán Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidophyma lineri Smith, 1973","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Liolaemus griseus","v":"Aconquija tree iguana","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Aconquija tree iguana (Liolaemus griseus) is known only from a small area of the Aconquija Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Liolaemus griseus Laurent, 1984","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhadinaea bogertorum","v":"Juárez graceful brown snake","c":"Reptilia","t":3,"b":"single drainage / massif / small island","s":"","e":"The Juárez graceful brown snake (Rhadinaea bogertorum) is known only from a small area of the Juárez Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhadinaea bogertorum Myers, 1974","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Abyssoberyx levisquamosus","v":"pricklefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The pricklefish (Abyssoberyx levisquamosus) is known only from a few specimens collected from deep waters off northwestern Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abyssoberyx levisquamosus Merrett & Moore, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Acanthemblemaria harpeza","v":"thornbush blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The thornbush blenny (Acanthemblemaria harpeza) is known only from two, widely-spaced localities (Navassa Island and St.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthemblemaria harpeza Williams, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acanthistius brasilianus","v":"Brazilian seabass","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Brazilian seabass (Acanthistius brasilianus) is a rare species confined to the coastal waters of southern Brazil.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthistius brasilianus (Cuvier, 1828)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Acanthopagrus akazakii","v":"New Caledonian seabream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The New Caledonian seabream (Acanthopagrus akazakii) is known only from specimens collected off Grande Terre, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthopagrus akazakii Iwatsuki, Kimura & Yoshino, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Acanthopagrus longispinnis","v":"Bengal yellowfin seabream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Bay of Bengal","e":"The Bengal yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus longispinnis) is known only from two localities in the northwestern Bay of Bengal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthopagrus longispinnis (Valenciennes 1830)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Acanthopagrus omanensis","v":"black-margined seabream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black-margined seabream (Acanthopagrus omanensis) is known only from a few specimens and observations from the coast of central Oman.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthopagrus omanensis Iwatsuki & Heemstra, in press","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acanthopagrus randalli","v":"Middle East black seabream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Middle East black seabream (Acanthopagrus randalli) is known only from two specimens collected in the Persian Gulf and a photo taken off the coast of southwestern Pakistan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthopagrus randalli Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acentronura australe","v":"southern little pipehorse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The southern little pipehorse (Acentronura australe) is known only from a few specimens collected in disjunct seagrass areas of southern and western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acentronura australe Waite & Hale, 1921","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Acestrocephalus anomalus","v":"anomalous characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The anomalous characin (Acestrocephalus anomalus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the middle and lower Magdalena-Cauca drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acestrocephalus anomalus (Steindachnner, 1880)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acheilognathus deignani","v":"Deignan's bitterling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Deignan's bitterling (Acheilognathus deignani) is confined to a few small tributaries in northwestern Laos and northwestern Vietnam, where it is threatened by loss of habitat and overfishing.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acheilognathus deignani (Smith, 1945)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acrossocheilus baolacensis","v":"Nho Que barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nho Que barb (Acrossocheilus baolacensis) is confined to the Nho Que River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acrossocheilus baolacensis Nguyen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Acrossocheilus xamensis","v":"Chu barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chu barb (Acrossocheilus xamensis) is known only from two specimens collected from the Chu River in northeastern Laos (Louangphrabang province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Acrossocheilus xamensis Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aioliops brachypterus","v":"shortfin mini dartfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The shortfin mini dartfish (Aioliops brachypterus) is known only from coral reefs off Miniloc and El Nido in the western Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aioliops brachypterus Rennis & Hoese, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Akko dionaea","v":"Atlantic specter goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Atlantic specter goby (Akko dionaea) is known only from the mouth of the Amazon River, along with some larval forms recorded from off the coast of northern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Akko dionaea Birdsong & Robins, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Akysis pictus","v":"Tenasserim stream catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tenasserim stream catfish (Akysis pictus) is confined to southern peninsular Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Akysis pictus Günther, 1883","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Akysis vespertinus","v":"Arakan stream catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Arakan stream catfish (Akysis vespertinus) is known only from the western face of the Arakan Mountains in south-central Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Akysis vespertinus Ng, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Alabes springeri","v":"Springer's shore-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Norfolk Ridge","e":"Springer's shore-eel (Alabes springeri) is known only from the shallow waters around Norfolk Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Alabes springeri Hutchins, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Albula koreana","v":"Korean bonefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Korean bonefish (Albula koreana) is known only from a few specimens collected along the southeastern coast of the Korean Peninsula and the northern coast of Taiwan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Albula koreana Kwun & Kim, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Albula virgata","v":"longjaw bonefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The longjaw bonefish (Albula virgata) is confined to shallow sandflats in the Hawaiian Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Albula virgata Jordan & Jordan, 1922","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Allenbatrachus meridionalis","v":"western Indo-Pacific toadfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The western Indo-Pacific toadfish (Allenbatrachus meridionalis) is a freshwater and marine species known only from a few specimens collected from Madagascar and the island of Réunion.","l":"dd","iucn":"Allenbatrachus meridionalis Greenfield & Smith, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Allomicrodesmus dorotheae","v":"Dorothea's wriggler","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Dorothea's wriggler (Allomicrodesmus dorotheae) is a reef-dwelling fish known only from two specimens, one collected from the Great Barrier Reef and the other from the Marshall Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Allomicrodesmus dorotheae Schultz, 1966","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amarginops platus","v":"Wagenia Falls claroteid catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bentley's mormyrid (Marcusenius bentleyi), Wagenia Falls whiptailed catfish (Phractura fasciata), Wagenia Rapids loach catfish (Dolichamphilius longiceps), and Wagenia Falls claroteid catfish (Amarginops platus) are all known only from Wagenia Falls, the last in the Stanley Falls cataract system.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amarginops platus Nichols & Griscom, 1917","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amblyceps tuberculatum","v":"Chindwin torrent catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chindwin torrent catfish (Amblyceps tuberculatum) is confined to fast-flowing hillstreams of the Chindwin River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyceps tuberculatum Linthoingambi & Vishwanath, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amphichaetodon melbae","v":"narrow-barred butterflyfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sala y Gómez Ridge","e":"The narrow-barred butterflyfish (Amphichaetodon melbae) is known only from a few specimens collected from the San Felix Islands off the coast of Chile and Easter Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amphichaetodon melbae Burgess & Caldwell, 1978","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amphilius lampei","v":"Lampe's mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Lampe's mountain catfish (Amphilius lampei) is known only from a single, undefined locality within the Shabelle River drainage of central Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amphilius lampei Pietschmann, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amphilius opisthophthalmus","v":"Mai-Ndombe mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mai-Ndombe mountain catfish (Amphilius opisthophthalmus) is known only from a few specimens collected from Lake Mai-Ndombe.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amphilius opisthophthalmus Boulenger, 1919","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anablepsoides monticola","v":"Allcuquiro killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Allcuquiro killifish (Anablepsoides monticola) is known only from a single montane forest brook in south-central Ecuador (Morona Santiago province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Anablepsoides monticola (Staeck & Schindler, 1997)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anchoa analis","v":"longfin Pacific anchovy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The longfin Pacific anchovy (Anchoa analis) is a small, silvery fish confined to the coastal waters of northwestern Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anchoa analis (Miller, 1945)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anchoa chamensis","v":"Chame Point anchovy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chame Point anchovy (Anchoa chamensis) is known only from the Gulf of Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anchoa chamensis Hildebrand, 1943","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ancistrus jelskii","v":"Jelski's bristlenose catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Jelski's bristlenose catfish (Ancistrus jelskii) is known only from a small area of south-central Peru (Junín department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ancistrus jelskii (Steindachner, 1876)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Antennablennius velifer","v":"Astola combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Astola combtooth blenny (Antennablennius velifer) is known only from tidal areas on Astola Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Antennablennius velifer Smith, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anthias cyprinoides","v":"Gulf of Guinea seaperch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Gulf of Guinea seaperch (Anthias cyprinoides) is known only from a few specimens collected during the 1980s off Annobón Island in the Gulf of Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anthias cyprinoides (Katayama & Amaoka, 1986)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Anthias helenensis","v":"Saint Helena seaperch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"The Saint Helena seaperch (Anthias helenensis) is known only from eight specimens collected from the Saint Helena Seamount Chain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anthias helenensis Katayama & Amaoka, 1986","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aphanius iberus","v":"Spanish toothcarp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Spanish toothcarp (Aphanius iberus) is confined to coastal Spain and Algeria.","l":"ne","iucn":"Aphanius iberus","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aphyolebias wischmanni","v":"Wischmann's longfin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Wischmann's longfin (Aphyolebias wischmanni) is a type of killifish known only from a backwater of the Chipiria and Amaquiria rivers, in the Ucayali drainage of central Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aphyolebias wischmanni (Seegers, 1983)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aphyonus rassi","v":"Rass' blind cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Rass' blind cusk-eel (Aphyonus rassi) is known only from two specimens collected north of the Cape Verde Islands, and another from the eastern Caribbean Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aphyonus rassi Nielsen, 1975","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Aphyosemion heinemanni","v":"Heinemann's killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Nyong River","e":"Heinemann's killifish (Aphyosemion heinemanni) is confined to tributaries (forest brooks) of the Nyong River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aphyosemion heinemanni Berkenkamp, 1983","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aphyosemion wuendschi","v":"Wuendsch's killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Wuendsch's killifish (Aphyosemion wuendschi) is confined to a single, swampy rainforest creek of the Ngounie River, in the central Chaillu Mountains of Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aphyosemion wuendschi Radda & Pürzl, 1985","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Apistogramma nijsseni","v":"Nijssen's dwarf cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Nijssen's dwarf cichlid (Apistogramma nijsseni) is known only from the Quebrada Carahuayte, a small blackwater stream in the Copal River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apistogramma nijsseni Kullander, 1979","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Apistogramma pantalone","v":"Nanay dwarf cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nanay dwarf cichlid (Apistogramma pantalone) is known only from the upper Nanay River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apistogramma pantalone Romer, Romer, Soares & Hahn, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Apistogramma rubrolineata","v":"Madre de Dios dwarf cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Madre de Dios dwarf cichlid (Apistogramma rubrolineata) is known only from three localities within the Madre de Dios drainage, two of which are in protected areas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apistogramma rubrolineata Hein, Zarske & Zapata, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Apterichtus gracilis","v":"gracile finless eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The gracile finless eel (Apterichtus gracilis) is known only from a few specimens collected off the coast of Sierra Leone and Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apterichtus gracilis (Kaup, 1856)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Apteronotus jurubidae","v":"Jurubidá knifefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Jurubidá knifefish (Apteronotus jurubidae) is known only from the Jurubidá River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apteronotus jurubidae (Fowler, 1944)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Araiophos eastropas","v":"South China deep-sea hatchet-fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South China Sea","e":"The South China deep-sea hatchet-fish (Araiophos eastropas) is known only from the South China Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Araiophos eastropas Ahlstrom & Moser, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Argyrosomus hololepidotus","v":"Madagascar kob","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Madagascar kob (Argyrosomus hololepidotus) is confined to estuaries and mangroves on the southeastern coast of Madagagascar, where it is threatened by overfishing.","l":"dd","iucn":"Argyrosomus hololepidotus (Lacepède, 1801)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ariosoma mellissii","v":"silver conger eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"The silver conger eel (Ariosoma mellissii) is known only from a few specimens collected from the waters around Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ariosoma mellissii (Günther, 1870)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Arothron carduus","v":"Cantor's pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Cantor's pufferfish (Arothron carduus) is known only from two specimens collected from disjunct coral reef localities off the Malay Peninsula and in the Ryukyu Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arothron carduus (Cantor, 1849)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Asarcenchelys longimanus","v":"emaciated worm-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The emaciated worm-eel (Asarcenchelys longimanus) is known only from two specimens collected off the northeastern coast of Brazil.","l":"dd","iucn":"Asarcenchelys longimanus McCosker, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Aseraggodes heraldi","v":"Herald's reef sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Herald's reef sole (Aseraggodes heraldi) is known only from two specimens collected from Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aseraggodes heraldi Randall & Bartsch, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aseraggodes herrei","v":"Herre's reef sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Herre's reef sole (Aseraggodes herrei) is known only from a few specimens collected off the Revillagigedos Islands, Galápagos Islands, Cocos Island, and the tip of the Baja California Peninsula.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aseraggodes herrei Seale 1940","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aseraggodes holcomi","v":"Holcom's reef sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Holcom's reef sole (Aseraggodes holcomi) is known only from a small number of specimens collected in shallow waters off northern Oahu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aseraggodes holcomi Randall, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aseraggodes magnoculus","v":"New Caledonia reef sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The New Caledonia reef sole (Aseraggodes magnoculus) is known only from three specimens collected from two localities off the southwestern coast of Grande Terre, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aseraggodes magnoculus Randall, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Aseraggodes ramsaii","v":"Ramsa's reef sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ramsa's reef sole (Aseraggodes ramsaii) is known only from a few specimens collected off Lord Howe Island and southern New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aseraggodes ramsaii (Ogilby, 1889)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aspidoparia ukhrulensis","v":"Ukhrul danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ukhrul danio (Aspidoparia ukhrulensis) is known only from two localities within the Ukhrul River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aspidoparia ukhrulensis Selim & Vishwanath, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus cacharas","v":"Cáchira naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cáchira naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus cacharas) is known only from a small tributary of the Cáchira River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus cacharas Ardila Rodríguez, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus martinezi","v":"Martinez's naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Martinez's naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus martinezi) is known only from a small tributary of the Tay River, in the upper Sinú River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus martinezi Ardila Rodríguez, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus whymperi","v":"Whymper's naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Whymper's naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus whymperi) is confined to fast-flowing Andean streams within the Esmeraldas River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus whymperi (Boulenger, 1890)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atherinella beani","v":"Bean's silverside","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bean's silverside (Atherinella beani) is known only from a few specimens collected from estuaries in coastal Nicaragua and Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atherinella beani (Meek & Hildebrand, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Atherinella nesiotes","v":"broadstripe silverside","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The broadstripe silverside (Atherinella nesiotes) is known only from a few specimens collected from the waters off the Galápagos Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atherinella nesiotes (Myers & Wade 1942)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atopochilus chabanaudi","v":"Chabanaud's upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Chabanaud's upside-down catfish (Atopochilus chabanaudi) is known only from an area of Stanley Pool near Brazzaville.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atopochilus chabanaudi Pellegrin, 1938","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Atrobucca kyushini","v":"black-spot croaker","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South China Sea","e":"The black-spot croaker (Atrobucca kyushini) is known only from the northwestern coast of Borneo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atrobucca kyushini Sasaki & Kailola, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ayarnangra estuarius","v":"estuary catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The estuary catfish (Ayarnangra estuarius) is known only from a few specimens collected from the tidal reaches of the lower Irrawaddy River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ayarnangra estuarius Roberts, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Badis chittagongis","v":"Chittagong perch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chittagong perch (Badis chittagongis) is known only from a few hillstreams in southeastern Bangladesh.","l":"dd","iucn":"Badis chittagongis Kullander & Britz, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Badis siamensis","v":"Siamese perch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Siamese perch (Badis siamensis) is confined to peninsular Thailand and the island of Phuket, where it is threatened by loss of habitat and overcollection for the international aquarium trade.","l":"dd","iucn":"Badis siamensis Klausewitz, 1957","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bahaba chaptis","v":"Chaptis bahaba","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Bay of Bengal","e":"The Chaptis bahaba (Bahaba chaptis) is confined to the coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal, where it is taken as bycatch.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bahaba chaptis (Hamilton, 1822)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bangana sinkleri","v":"Sinkler's bangana","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Sinkler's bangana (Bangana sinkleri) is known only from the upper Taeng River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bangana sinkleri (Fowler, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Barathronus parfaiti","v":"Parfait's blind cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Parfait's blind cusk-eel (Barathronus parfaiti) is known only from two disjunct deepwater localities in the north-central and northeastern Atlantic.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barathronus parfaiti (Vaillant, 1888)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Barbantus elongatus","v":"elongated searsid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South Atlantic Ridge","e":"The elongated searsid (Barbantus elongatus) is a type of smelt confined to the deep waters of the South Atlantic Ridge.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barbantus elongatus Krefft, 1970","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Barbulifer mexicanus","v":"saddle-banded goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The saddle-banded goby (Barbulifer mexicanus) is a near-shore species known only from the tip of the Baja California Peninsula, the Tres Marías Islands, and central coastal Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barbulifer mexicanus Hoese & Larson, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Barilius bonarensis","v":"Bonar baril","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bonar baril (Barilius bonarensis) is a type of cyprinid fish known only from its original description in 1912 from northwestern India (Uttarakhand).","l":"dd","iucn":"Barilius bonarensis Chaudhuri, 1912","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Barilius evezardi","v":"Evezard's baril","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Evezard's baril (Barilius evezardi) is known only from a few historical records over a wide area of southern India.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barilius evezardi Day, 1872","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bascanichthys inopinatus","v":"unexpected snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The unexpected snake-eel (Bascanichthys inopinatus) is known only from three specimens collected from two localities off Puerto Rico in the 1960s and 70s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bascanichthys inopinatus McCosker, Böhlke & Böhlke, 1989","sil":true,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Batasio macronotus","v":"Nepalese naked catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nepalese naked catfish (Batasio macronotus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Ganges River drainage in eastern Nepal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Batasio macronotus Ng & Edds, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Batasio procerus","v":"Irrawaddy naked catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Irrawaddy naked catfish (Batasio procerus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the upper Irrawaddy River drainage in northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Batasio procerus Ng, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bathygadus sulcatus","v":"Cagayan grenadier","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cagayan grenadier (Bathygadus sulcatus) is a large deep-sea fish known only from deep waters off Cagayan Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathygadus sulcatus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Bathygobius geminatus","v":"twin-spotted frillfin goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The twin-spotted frillfin goby (Bathygobius geminatus) is known only from two shallow water localities in the western Atlantic (eastern Florida and northern Puerto Rico).","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathygobius geminatus Tornabene, Baldwin & Pezold, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bathylaco nielseni","v":"Nielsen's slickhead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Nielsen's slickhead (Bathylaco nielseni) is a type of deep-sea smelt known only from two localities in the eastern central Atlantic and western Indian Ocean.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathylaco nielseni Sazonov & Ivanov, 1980","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bathymaster derjugini","v":"Derjugin's ronquil","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Derjugin's ronquil (Bathymaster derjugini) is confined to a small area off southeastern Russia and the Kuril Islands, where it is threatened by coastal development and pollution.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathymaster derjugini Lindberg, 1930","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bathypterois oddi","v":"Tasman Sea spiderfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tasman Sea spiderfish (Bathypterois oddi) is a deep-sea species known only from a few specimens collected off the southern coast of New Zealand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathypterois oddi Sulak, 1977","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Belonoglanis brieni","v":"Brien's loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Brien's loach catfish (Belonoglanis brieni) is known only from a single channel within Stanley Pool.","l":"dd","iucn":"Belonoglanis brieni Poll, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Betta stiktos","v":"Mekong betta","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mekong betta (Betta stiktos) is known only from a small area of the Srepok River in northeastern Cambodia, but is expected to occur as well in the lower Kong River in southern Laos and northeastern Cambodia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Betta stiktos Tan & Ng, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bhanotia pauciradiata","v":"few-rayed pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Flores Sea","e":"The few-rayed pipefish (Bhanotia pauciradiata) is a poorly-known coastal pipefish known only from a single       specimen collected from a rocky coral reef slope at Maumere, Flores, in 1995.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bhanotia pauciradiata Allen & Kuiter, 1995","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bleheratherina pierucciae","v":"New Caledonian silverside","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The New Caledonian silverside (Bleheratherina pierucciae) is known only from a dozen specimens collected from two rivers in southern Grande Terre, and from a third locality in the north.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bleheratherina pierucciae Aarn & Ivantsoff, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bodianus paraleucosticticus","v":"five-striped hogfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The five-striped hogfish (Bodianus paraleucosticticus) is known only from a few specimens collected off Rarotonga and Papua New Guinea, and from a photo taken off New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bodianus paraleucosticticus Gomon, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bodianus solatus","v":"sunburnt hogfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sunburnt hogfish (Bodianus solatus) is confined to a small area off Western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bodianus solatus Gomon, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bodianus thoracotaeniatus","v":"Kyushu-Palau Ridge hogfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Kyushu-Palau Ridge","e":"The Kyushu-Palau Ridge hogfish (Bodianus thoracotaeniatus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Kyushu-Palau Ridge, east of Okinawa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bodianus thoracotaeniatus Yamamoto, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Boops lineatus","v":"striped boga","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The striped boga (Boops lineatus) is confined to coastal areas of the eastern Arabian Peninsula.","l":"dd","iucn":"Boops lineatus (Boulenger, 1892)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bothus guibei","v":"Guinean flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"The Guinean flounder (Bothus guibei) is known only from a few specimens collected from shallow waters off the islands of Annobón and São Tomé.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bothus guibei Stauch, 1966","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Botia udomritthiruji","v":"emperor loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The emperor loach (Botia udomritthiruji) is confined to hillstreams within the upper Great Tenasserim River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Botia udomritthiruji Ng, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Brachygobius xanthozonus","v":"bumblebee fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The bumblebee fish (Brachygobius xanthozonus) is known only from a few specimens collected in coastal Borneo and Java.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brachygobius xanthozonus (Bleeker, 1849)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Brycinus abeli","v":"Abel's robber tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Abel's robber tetra (Brycinus abeli) is known only from Fort Sibut on the Oubangui River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brycinus abeli (Fowler, 1936)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Brycon medemi","v":"Medem's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Medem's tetra (Brycon medemi) is known only from a few localities in the upper Atrato River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brycon medemi Dahl, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconamericus guizae","v":"Guiza characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Guiza characin (Bryconamericus guizae) is known only from tributary streams of the Guiza River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconamericus guizae Román-Valencia, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconamericus ichoensis","v":"Ichó characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ichó characin (Bryconamericus ichoensis) is known only from a single tributary of the Ichó River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconamericus ichoensis Román-Valencia, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryconamericus multiradiatus","v":"Sucio characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sucio characin (Bryconamericus multiradiatus) is known only from a few specimens collected from two localities within the Sucio River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryconamericus multiradiatus Dahl, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Bulbonaricus brucei","v":"Bruce's pugheaded pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bruce's pugheaded pipefish (Bulbonaricus brucei) is known only from a few specimens collected from coral reefs off the coast of Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bulbonaricus brucei Dawson, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bythites islandicus","v":"Icelandic viviparous brotula","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The North Atlantic Ridge","e":"The Icelandic viviparous brotula (Bythites islandicus) is known only from a handful of specimens collected off the southeastern coast of Iceland.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bythites islandicus Nielsen & Cohen, 1973","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cabillus macrophthalmus","v":"bigeye callibus","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Flores Sea","e":"The bigeye callibus (Cabillus macrophthalmus) is a type of marine goby known only from a few specimens collected in the Flores Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cabillus macrophthalmus (Weber, 1909)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Callechelys springeri","v":"ridgefin eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The ridgefin eel (Callechelys springeri) is known only from four specimens collected in the 1940s and 1960s from off the southeastern coast of the United States.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callechelys springeri (Ginsburg, 1951)","sil":true,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Callionymus macclesfieldensis","v":"South China Sea The Macclesfield dragonet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Macclesfield Bank","e":"The Macclesfield Bank is an elongated sunken atoll of underwater reefs and shoals located in the central South China Sea The Macclesfield dragonet (Callionymus macclesfieldensis) is confined to the deeper waters of the Macclesfield Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callionymus macclesfieldensis Fricke, 1983","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Callionymus whiteheadi","v":"Whitehead's deepwater dragonet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Both are threatened by fisheries bycatch and collection for use in “traditional medicine.” Whitehead's deepwater dragonet (Callionymus whiteheadi) is known only from three specimens collected off Java, Bali and the Kangean Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callionymus whiteheadi Fricke, 1981","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Campichthys nanus","v":"dwarf pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dwarf pipefish (Campichthys nanus) is known only from a few specimens collected during the 1970s from coastal northern Mozambique.","l":"dd","iucn":"Campichthys nanus Dawson, 1977","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Campylomormyrus cassaicus","v":"donkey-faced mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The donkey-faced mormyrid (Campylomormyrus cassaicus) is known only from two specimens collected from the Luachimo River and another from the Kasai River main channel.","l":"dd","iucn":"Campylomormyrus cassaicus (Poll, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Campylomormyrus luapulaensis","v":"Luapula mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Luapula River","e":"The Luapula mormyrid (Campylomormyrus luapulaensis) is known only from two localities within the Luapula River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Campylomormyrus luapulaensis (David & Poll, 1937)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cantherhines longicaudus","v":"long-tailed filefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The long-tailed filefish (Cantherhines longicaudus) is known only from a few specimens collected across a wide area of the tropical Indo-Pacific.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cantherhines longicaudus Hutchins & Randall, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cantherhines nukuhiva","v":"Nuku Hiva filefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nuku Hiva filefish (Cantherhines nukuhiva) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Marquesas Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cantherhines nukuhiva Randall, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Canthigaster investigatoris","v":"Andaman sharpnose pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Andaman sharpnose pufferfish (Canthigaster investigatoris) is known only from two specimens collected in 1910 off of the Andaman Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Canthigaster investigatoris (Annandale & Jenkins, 1910)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Canthigaster punctata","v":"Mascarene sharpnose pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mascarene sharpnose pufferfish (Canthigaster punctata) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Mascarene Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Canthigaster punctata Matsuura, 1992","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Careproctus mederi","v":"Meder's snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Meder's snailfish (Careproctus mederi) is endemic to the Sea of Okhotsk, where it appears to be rare.","l":"dd","iucn":"Careproctus mederi Schmidt, 1916","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Careproctus minimus","v":"Burwood Bank snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Burdwood Bank","e":"The Burwood Bank snailfish (Careproctus minimus) is known only from two specimens collected from the Burdwood Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Careproctus minimus Andriashev & Stein, 1998","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Catesbya pseudomuraena","v":"Bahamian false moray eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bahamian false moray eel (Catesbya pseudomuraena) is known only from a few specimens collected at two shallow reef localities in the Bahamas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Catesbya pseudomuraena Böhlke & Smith, 1968","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Caulolatilus williamsi","v":"yellowbar tilefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The yellowbar tilefish (Caulolatilus williamsi) is known only from four specimens collected from the Bahamas and Saint Croix in the Virgin Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Caulolatilus williamsi Dooley & Berry, 1977","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cerdale prolata","v":"many-spined worm-goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The many-spined worm-goby (Cerdale prolata) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Gulf of Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cerdale prolata Dawson, 1974","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cetomimus hempeli","v":"Hempel's whalefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Hempel's whalefish (Cetomimus hempeli) is known only from a handful of specimens collected from deep waters surrounding the Canary Islands and Madeira.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cetomimus hempeli Maul, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chaenopsis coheni","v":"Cortez pike-blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cortez pike-blenny (Chaenopsis coheni) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Gulf of California and Ángel de la Guarda Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaenopsis coheni Böhlke, 1957","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chaenopsis deltarrhis","v":"delta pike-blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The delta pike-blenny (Chaenopsis deltarrhis) is known only from a few specimens collected over a relatively wide area of coastal Central America as well as Cocos Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaenopsis deltarrhis Böhlke, 1957","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chaetostoma aburrensis","v":"Medellín bristlemouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Medellín bristlemouth catfish (Chaetostoma aburrensis) is known only from a now-lost type specimen collected from an inprecise locality within the Cauca River drainage during the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaetostoma aburrensis (Posada, 1909) [orth. error]","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Channa pulchra","v":"Arakan snakehead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Arakan snakehead (Channa pulchra) is a type of fish confined to streams in the Arakan Mountains of south-central Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Channa pulchra Britz, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Channallabes ogooensis","v":"Ogooué eel catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ogooué eel catfish (Channallabes ogooensis) is known only from specimens collected in the Franceville area of Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Channallabes ogooensis Devaere, Adriaens & Verraes, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Characidium stigmosum","v":"Tocantins darter","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tocantins darter (Characidium stigmosum) is possibly confined to a few tributaries of the upper Tocantins River in Goiás state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Characidium stigmosum Melo & Buckup, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chlopsis kazuko","v":"Kazuko's false moray eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kazuko's false moray eel (Chlopsis kazuko) is known only from five specimens collected from the Gulf of California, Malpelo Island, and off the coast of Costa Rica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chlopsis kazuko Lavenberg, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cirrhilabrus balteatus","v":"girdled fairy-wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The girdled fairy-wrasse (Cirrhilabrus balteatus) is known only from the Marshall Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhilabrus balteatus Randall, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cirrhilabrus brunneus","v":"dusky fairy-wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dusky fairy-wrasse (Cirrhilabrus brunneus) is known only from a few specimens collected off Borneo, Sulawesi and Cebu in the Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhilabrus brunneus Allen, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cirrhilabrus filamentosus","v":"whip-fin fairy-wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The whip-fin fairy-wrasse (Cirrhilabrus filamentosus) is a reef-dweller known only from the Java Sea, where it is threatened by collection for the international aquarium trade and by cyanide fishing.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhilabrus filamentosus (Klausewitz, 1976)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis","v":"diamond-tail fairy-wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The diamond-tail fairy-wrasse (Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis) is largely confined to the Caroline and Marshall Islands, with vagrants occasionally recorded from Palau and Saipan in the Mariana Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhilabrus rhomboidalis Randall, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis","v":"rosy-scaled fairy-wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The rosy-scaled fairy-wrasse (Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis) is known only from the waters around Sri Lanka, the Maldives and the Chagos Archipelago, where it is threatened by degradation of their its coral reef habitat and collection for the international aquarium trade.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhilabrus rubrisquamis Randall & Emery, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cirrhinus rubirostris","v":"Tenasserim mud carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tenasserim mud carp (Cirrhinus rubirostris) is known only from the Great Tenasserim River, where it is potentially threatened by dam development.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhinus rubirostris Roberts, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cirrhitus albopunctatus","v":"white-spotted hawkfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The white-spotted hawkfish (Cirrhitus albopunctatus) is known only from two specimens collected in shallow waters off Niuafo'ou Island in Tonga and an additional observation record off Tutuila in American Samoa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhitus albopunctatus Schultz, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Citharichthys gnathus","v":"big-chinned sandab","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The big-chinned sandab (Citharichthys gnathus) is a type of flatfish known only from a few specimens collected from a single deepwater locality off the Galápagos Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Citharichthys gnathus Hoshino & Amaoka 1999","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Clariallabes petricola","v":"Lake Victoria snake catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lake Victoria snake catfish (Clariallabes petricola) is known only from the northern part of Lake Victoria and from an area of the Victoria Nile near Owen Falls.","l":"dd","iucn":"Clariallabes petricola Greenwood, 1956","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Clepticus africanus","v":"African Creole wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"The African Creole wrasse (Clepticus africanus) is known only from the coastal waters of São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Clepticus africanus Heiser, Moura & Robertson, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cobitis arenae","v":"Lin's spined loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Lin's spined loach (Cobitis arenae) is known only from the Xi and Dong rivers, tributaries of the Pearl River in southern China.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cobitis arenae (Lin, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cobitis guttata","v":"Mu spined loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mu spined loach (Cobitis guttata) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Mu River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cobitis guttata (Nguyen, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cochlefelis insidiator","v":"flat catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The flat catfish (Cochlefelis insidiator) is known only from four specimens collected in the Fly River delta of Papua New Guinea and from coastal northern Australia, west of Darwin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cochlefelis insidiator (Kailola, 2000)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Coloconger japonicus","v":"Japanese worm-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The East China Sea","e":"The Japanese worm-eel (Coloconger japonicus) is known only from deep waters of the East China Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coloconger japonicus Machida, 1984","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Congothrissa gossei","v":"smooth-belly pellonuline","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The smooth-belly pellonuline (Congothrissa gossei) is a type of herring known only from a few specimens collected from two localities within the middle Congo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Congothrissa gossei Poll, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Congrogadus winterbottomi","v":"Pilbara eel blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pilbara eel blenny (Congrogadus winterbottomi) is known only from Middle Mangrove Island and Exmouth Gulf, off Western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Congrogadus winterbottomi Gill, Mooi & Hutchins, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Coris nigrotaenia","v":"blackbar coris","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blackbar coris (Coris nigrotaenia) is a type of wrasse known only from the waters of coastal Oman and Masirah Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coris nigrotaenia Mee & Hare, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Corydoras reynoldsi","v":"Reynolds' corydoras catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Reynolds' corydoras catfish (Corydoras reynoldsi) is known only from a tributary of the Orteguasa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Corydoras reynoldsi Myers & Weitzman, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Coryphaenoides camurus","v":"Palawan grenadier","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Palawan grenadier (Coryphaenoides camurus) is known only from a few specimens collected in 1909 from deep waters off Palawan, in the western Sulu Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coryphaenoides camurus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Cosmocampus heraldi","v":"Herald's pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Herald's pipefish (Cosmocampus heraldi) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas islands off Chile.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cosmocampus heraldi (Fritzsche, 1980)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cosmocampus profundus","v":"deepwater pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The deepwater pipefish (Cosmocampus profundus) is known only from a few specimens collected over a wide area of the western Atlantic, including off the southeastern United States, the Virgin Islands, the Yucatán Peninsula, and possibly Curaçao.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cosmocampus profundus (Herald, 1965)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cottoclinus canops","v":"Española blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Española blenny (Cottoclinus canops) is known only from two specimens collected from a tidal pool on Española during the late twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cottoclinus canops McCosker, Stephens & Rosenblatt, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cotylopus acutipinnis","v":"Guichenot's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Guichenot's goby (Cotylopus acutipinnis) is a freshwater and marine species confined to Mauritius and Reunion.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cotylopus acutipinnis Guichenot, 1863","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Craterocephalus pimatuae","v":"Pima hardyhead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Purari River","e":"The Pima hardyhead (Craterocephalus pimatuae) is known only from the junction of the Pima and Tua rivers, tributaries of the Purari River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Craterocephalus pimatuae Crowley, Ivantsoff & Allen, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Creagrutus yanatili","v":"Yanatil's characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Yanatil's characin (Creagrutus yanatili) is known only from the Urubamba / Vilcanota River and its tributary, the Yanatili River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Creagrutus yanatili Harold & Salcedo, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crenidens macracanthus","v":"Karanteen seabream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Karanteen seabream (Crenidens macracanthus) is known only from two specimens collected during the nineteenth century off Pakistan and India.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crenidens macracanthus Günther, 1874","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cryptocentrus leonis","v":"Gulf of Thailand shrimp-goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Gulf of Thailand","e":"The Gulf of Thailand shrimp-goby (Cryptocentrus leonis) is confined to marine and brackish waters along the Gulf of Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptocentrus leonis Smith, 1931","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cryptotrema seftoni","v":"hidden blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The hidden blenny (Cryptotrema seftoni) is known only from a deep rocky reef off the northern end of Guardian Angel Island, in the northern Gulf of California, where it was last collected in 1952.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptotrema seftoni Hubbs, 1954","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cynodonichthys boehlkei","v":"La Miel killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The La Miel killifish (Cynodonichthys boehlkei) is known only from temporary streams and pools within the La Miel River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cynodonichthys boehlkei (Huber & Fels, 1985)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cynoscion nortoni","v":"hake weakfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The hake weakfish (Cynoscion nortoni) is known only from six specimens collected from the coasts of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cynoscion nortoni Béarez, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyprinus melanes","v":"Kien Giang carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kien Giang carp (Cyprinus melanes) is confined to the Kien Giang River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyprinus melanes Mai, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dactylagnus peratikos","v":"sand stargazer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sand stargazer (Dactylagnus peratikos) is known only from two localities on the coast of Costa Rica and Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dactylagnus peratikos Böhlke & Caldwell, 1961","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Daector gerringi","v":"Gerring's toadfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Gerring's toadfish (Daector gerringi) is a freshwater and marine species confined to the lower reaches of the San Juan and Baudó rivers of western Colombia (Chocó department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Daector gerringi (Rendahl, 1941)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dalophis obtusirostris","v":"West African snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The West African snake-eel (Dalophis obtusirostris) is known only from two specimens collected from estuaries in Senegal and Mauritania in 1972.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dalophis obtusirostris Blache & Bauchot, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Decodon grandisquamis","v":"largescale wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The largescale wrasse (Decodon grandisquamis) is known only from coastal southern Mozambique.","l":"dd","iucn":"Decodon grandisquamis (Smith, 1968)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dentex fourmanoiri","v":"Fourmanoir's sea bream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Fourmanoir's sea bream (Dentex fourmanoiri) is known only from a few specimens collected from the waters surrounding Grande Terre and the Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dentex fourmanoiri Akazaki & Séret, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Derilissus kremnobates","v":"whiskereye clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Arrowsmith Bank","e":"The whiskereye clingfish (Derilissus kremnobates) is known only from Arrowsmith Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Derilissus kremnobates Fraser, 1970","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Derilissus lombardii","v":"tailspot clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The tailspot clingfish (Derilissus lombardii) is known only from two specimens, the first collected from a deep coral wall off Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas, and a second photographed off Grand Cayman.","l":"dd","iucn":"Derilissus lombardii Sparks & Gruber, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Derilissus nanus","v":"dwarf clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dwarf clingfish (Derilissus nanus) is known only from a few deepwater localities in the Bahama Banks, including the Plana Cays, Great Inagua, and Acklins Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Derilissus nanus Briggs, 1969","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Devario chrysotaeniatus","v":"gold-striped danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The gold-striped danio (Devario chrysotaeniatus) is confined to tributaries and smaller streams within the upper Mekong drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Devario chrysotaeniatus (Chu, 1981)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Devario salmonatus","v":"Bolaven danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bolaven danio (Devario salmonatus) is confined to the Bolaven Plateau of southeastern Laos, within the Kong River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Devario salmonatus (Kottelat, 2000)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dolichamphilius longiceps","v":"Wagenia Rapids loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bentley's mormyrid (Marcusenius bentleyi), Wagenia Falls whiptailed catfish (Phractura fasciata), Wagenia Rapids loach catfish (Dolichamphilius longiceps), and Wagenia Falls claroteid catfish (Amarginops platus) are all known only from Wagenia Falls, the last in the Stanley Falls cataract system.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dolichamphilius longiceps Roberts, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Doryichthys heterosoma","v":"Bleeker's pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bleeker's pipefish (Doryichthys heterosoma) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Sambas and Lupar rivers of western Borneo and from the Natuna Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Doryichthys heterosoma (Bleeker, 1851)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Doryrhamphus aurolineatus","v":"Arabian Sea flagtail pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Arabian Sea flagtail pipefish (Doryrhamphus aurolineatus) is known only from two specimens collected off Masirah Island, Oman.","l":"dd","iucn":"Doryrhamphus aurolineatus Randall & Earle, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dunckerocampus chapmani","v":"glowtail pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The glowtail pipefish (Dunckerocampus chapmani) is known only from shallow lagoons in a small area of southwestern Grande Terre, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dunckerocampus chapmani Herald, 1953","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ebinania brephocephala","v":"Japanese blobfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Japanese blobfish (Ebinania brephocephala) is a little-known species confined to the southern coast of Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ebinania brephocephala (Jordan & Starks, 1903)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ekemblemaria lira","v":"slit-pore tube blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The slit-pore tube blenny (Ekemblemaria lira) is known only from three specimens collected in the early 1960s from coastal northern Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ekemblemaria lira Hastings, 1992","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eleotris sandwicensis","v":"Hawaiian spinecheek sleeper goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Hawaiian spinecheek sleeper goby (Eleotris sandwicensis) is confined to lowland streams of the larger Hawaiian Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eleotris sandwicensis Vaillant & Sauvage, 1875","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Emblemaria walkeri","v":"elusive signal blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The elusive signal blenny (Emblemaria walkeri) is known only from a few specimens collected in the western and central-eastern Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Emblemaria walkeri Stephens, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Engyprosopon vanuatuensis","v":"Vanuatu lefteye flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Vanuatu lefteye flounder (Engyprosopon vanuatuensis) is known only from a small number of specimens collected off Vanuatu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Engyprosopon vanuatuensis Amaoka & Séret, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Enigmapercis acutirostris","v":"Sala y Gómez sandfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sala y Gómez Ridge","e":"The Sala y Gómez sandfish (Enigmapercis acutirostris) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Sala y Gomez Ridge.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enigmapercis acutirostris Parin, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enneapterygius sheni","v":"Shen's triplefin blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Shen's triplefin blenny (Enneapterygius sheni) is known only from the southern tip of Taiwan, though it may perhaps range farther south to offshore islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enneapterygius sheni Chiang & Chen, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Enteromius deguidei","v":"Deguide's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Deguide's barb (Enteromius deguidei) is known only from marshes along the Boteli River, a tributary of the Tshuapa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius deguidei (Matthes, 1964)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius papilio","v":"Kasuku barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Kasuku River","e":"The Kasuku barb (Enteromius papilio) is known only from an unnamed tributary of the Kasuku River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius papilio (Banister & Bailey, 1979)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius pleurogramma","v":"Tana barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tana barb (Enteromius pleurogramma) is known only from a few specimens collected within the Blue Nile basin, including Lake Tana.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius pleurogramma (Boulenger, 1902)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius pygmaeus","v":"pygmy barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pygmy barb (Enteromius pygmaeus) is known only from a single rainforest stream within the middle Congo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius pygmaeus (Poll & Gosse, 1963)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius tetraspilus","v":"Kavalli barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Ituri / Aruwimi River","e":"The Kavalli barb (Enteromius tetraspilus) is known only from the Kavalli and upper Ituri rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius tetraspilus (Pfeffer, 1896)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Epinephelus indistinctus","v":"Somali grouper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Somali grouper (Epinephelus indistinctus) is known only from the coastal waters of Oman and northern Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Epinephelus indistinctus Randall & Heemstra, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Epinephelus trophis","v":"plumb grouper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Dillon Shoals","e":"The plumb grouper (Epinephelus trophis) is known only from two specimens collected in 1974 from Dillon Shoals.","l":"dd","iucn":"Epinephelus trophis Randall & Allen, 1987","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Equulites laterofenestra","v":"Samar Sea ponyfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Samar Sea","e":"The Samar Sea ponyfish (Equulites laterofenestra) is known only from shallow tidal waters and estuaries near Leyte.","l":"dd","iucn":"Equulites laterofenestra (Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2007)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Erethistoides sicula","v":"Schutunga catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Schutunga catfish (Erethistoides sicula) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Schutunga River, a tributary of the Mansai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Erethistoides sicula Ng, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ethmidium maculatum","v":"Pacific menhaden","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pacific menhaden (Ethmidium maculatum) is a type of small pelagic fish confined to the continental shelf of Peru and northern Chile, where it is subject to intense fishing pressure.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ethmidium maculatum (Valenciennes, 1847)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Etropus pacificus","v":"Pacific sand flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pacific sand flounder (Etropus pacificus) is known only from two specimens collected off Panama and northern Chile.","l":"ne","iucn":"Etropus pacificus","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eubalichthys caeruleoguttatus","v":"blue-spotted leatherjacket","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blue-spotted leatherjacket (Eubalichthys caeruleoguttatus) is a type of filefish known only from a few specimens collected in the coastal waters of northwestern Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eubalichthys caeruleoguttatus Hutchins, 1977","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eustomias dinema","v":"Hawaiian barbeled dragonfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Hawaiian barbeled dragonfish (Eustomias dinema) is known only from a few specimens collected in the waters of the Hawaiian Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eustomias dinema Clarke, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eustomias insularum","v":"Cape Verde barbeled dragonfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cape Verde Rise","e":"The Cape Verde barbeled dragonfish (Eustomias insularum) is known only from deep waters of the Cape Verde Rise.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eustomias insularum Clarke, 1998","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eustomias monoclonoides","v":"Gulf of Guinea barbeled dragonfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"The Gulf of Guinea barbeled dragonfish (Eustomias monoclonoides) is a deepwater species known only from a small area of the Gulf of Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eustomias monoclonoides Clarke, 1999","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eustomias patulus","v":"spreading barbeled dragonfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The spreading barbeled dragonfish (Eustomias patulus) is known only from two records (off Puerto Rico and between the Canary and Cape Verde Islands).","l":"dd","iucn":"Eustomias patulus Regan & Trewavas, 1930","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Evermannia longipinnis","v":"enigmatic goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The enigmatic goby (Evermannia longipinnis) is known only from a single imprecise locality thought to be in the northwestern Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Evermannia longipinnis (Steindachner, 1879)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Evermannichthys bicolor","v":"bicoloured sponge goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The bicoloured sponge goby (Evermannichthys bicolor) is known only from five specimens collected off Jamaica, Navassa and western Haiti.","l":"dd","iucn":"Evermannichthys bicolor Thacker, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Evermannichthys convictor","v":"tenant sponge goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The tenant sponge goby (Evermannichthys convictor) is known only from two disjunct localities (Green Cay, Bahamas and coastal northern Jamaica).","l":"dd","iucn":"Evermannichthys convictor Böhlke & Robins, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eviota herrei","v":"Herre's dwarf goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Herre's dwarf goby (Eviota herrei) is known only from the Samoan Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eviota herrei Jordan & Seale, 1906","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Exocoetus peruvianus","v":"Peruvian flying fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Peruvian flying fish (Exocoetus peruvianus) is confined to a small area of the northwestern South American continental shelf from Ecuador to southern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Exocoetus peruvianus (Parin & Shakhovskoy 2000)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Farlowella altocorpus","v":"Coroico armoured catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Coroico armoured catfish (Farlowella altocorpus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Beni River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Farlowella altocorpus Retzer, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Farlowella gracilis","v":"slender armoured catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The slender armoured catfish (Farlowella gracilis) is known only from a few localities in southwestern Colombia (Caquetá department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Farlowella gracilis Regan, 1904","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Festucalex prolixus","v":"Dawson's pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Dawson's pipefish (Festucalex prolixus) is known only from six specimens collected in 1929 from two disjunct localities (southern Philippines and off the coast of northwestern New Guinea).","l":"dd","iucn":"Festucalex prolixus Dawson, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Foa madagascariensis","v":"Madagascar cardinalfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Madagascar cardinalfish (Foa madagascariensis) is known only from two specimens, now lost, collected off the coast of southwestern Madagascar in the early 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Foa madagascariensis Petit, 1931","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Fundulopanchax avichang","v":"Ecucu killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Ecucu killifish (Fundulopanchax avichang) is known only from small temporary pools within the Ecucu River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fundulopanchax avichang Malumbres & Castelo, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Fundulopanchax intermittens","v":"Mamfue killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Mamfue River","e":"The Mamfue killifish (Fundulopanchax intermittens) is known only from two localities within the Mamfue River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fundulopanchax intermittens (Radda, 1974)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gadomus magnifilis","v":"Philippine rattail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Philippine rattail (Gadomus magnifilis) is a deep-sea species known only from a few specimens collected during the early twentieth century from three localities in the Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gadomus magnifilis Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gambusia dominicensis","v":"Domingo mosquito fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Domingo mosquito fish (Gambusia dominicensis) is naturally confined to two lakes on Hispaniola (Lake Azuei in southeastern Haiti (Ouest department), and Lake Enriquillo in the southwestern Dominican Republic (Independencia province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gambusia dominicensis Regan, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought"],"pa":false},{"n":"Garra bibarbatus","v":"Tam Duong garra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tam Duong garra (Garra bibarbatus) is confined to the Tam Duong River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Garra bibarbatus (Nguyen, 2001)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Garra cyrano","v":"Kottelat's garra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kottelat's garra (Garra cyrano) is known from the Leuk, Theun and Kong tributaries in Laos, where it is restricted to the upper parts of the respective drainages in areas with strong current.","l":"dd","iucn":"Garra cyrano Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Glanidium catharinensis","v":"Tubarão driftwood catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tubarão driftwood catfish (Glanidium catharinensis) is confined to the Tubarão River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glanidium catharinensis Miranda Ribeiro, 1962","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Glossogobius sparsipapillus","v":"line-cheek goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The line-cheek goby (Glossogobius sparsipapillus) is known only from the tidal zone of the Mekong delta and from the lower parts of the Mekong River in southern Vietnam and southern Cambodia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glossogobius sparsipapillus Akihito & Meguro, 1976","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Glyptothorax brevipinnis","v":"short-finned mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The short-finned mountain catfish (Glyptothorax brevipinnis) is known only from four specimens collected in 1923 from an undefined locality in India.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax brevipinnis Hora, 1923","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Glyptothorax malabarensis","v":"Urutty mountain catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Urutty mountain catfish (Glyptothorax malabarensis) is known only from a single hillstream within the Valapattanam River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyptothorax malabarensis Gopi 2010","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gnathophis codoniphorus","v":"Great Meteor conger eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Great Meteor conger eel (Gnathophis codoniphorus) is known only from the Great Meteor Seamount.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gnathophis codoniphorus Maul, 1972","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gnathopogon tsinanensis","v":"Tsinan gudgeon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tsinan gudgeon (Gnathopogon tsinanensis) is confined to a small area of northeastern China (Shangdong).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gnathopogon tsinanensis (Mori, 1928)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gobioides grahamae","v":"Graham's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Graham's goby (Gobioides grahamae) is known only from a few specimens collected in muddy areas along the northern South American coast (Guyana to northern Brazil).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gobioides grahamae Palmer & Wheeler, 1955","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gobiopterus stellatus","v":"dwarf freshwater goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Luzon","e":"The dwarf freshwater goby (Gobiopterus stellatus) is a little-known species confined to Luzon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gobiopterus stellatus (Herre, 1927)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gobius strictus","v":"Schmidt's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Schmidt's goby (Gobius strictus) is known only from a small number of specimens collected across the Mediterreanean, which may or may not have been misidentified.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gobius strictus Fage, 1907","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gobulus birdsongi","v":"fin-joined goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The fin-joined goby (Gobulus birdsongi) is known only from two mangrove streams flowing into the Panama Canal, where it is threatened by loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gobulus birdsongi Hoese & Reader, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gogo atratus","v":"Mananara du Nord catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mananara du Nord catfish (Gogo atratus) is confined to the Mananara du Nord River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gogo atratus Ng, Sparks & Loiselle, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gonialosa whiteheadi","v":"Whitehead's gizzard shad","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Whitehead's gizzard shad (Gonialosa whiteheadi) is known only from two specimens collected from an estuary in southern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gonialosa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gordiichthys combibus","v":"Pacific horsehair eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pacific horsehair eel (Gordiichthys combibus) is known only from a few specimens collected in shallow waters off northwestern Colombia, but may be more wide ranging.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gordiichthys combibus McCosker & Lavenberg, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gordiichthys ergodes","v":"irksone snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The irksone snake-eel (Gordiichthys ergodes) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Gulf of Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gordiichthys ergodes McCosker, Böhlke & Böhlke, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gramma dejongi","v":"golden basslet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The golden basslet (Gramma dejongi) is known only from a few specimens collected from coral reefs off southwestern Cuba and Little Cayman Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gramma dejongi Victor & Randall, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Guavina micropus","v":"Ginsburg's sleeper goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ginsburg's sleeper goby (Guavina micropus) is confined to freshwater streams and brackish waters on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Guavina micropus Ginsburg, 1953","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gymnapogon melanogaster","v":"Eilat cardinalfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Eilat cardinalfish (Gymnapogon melanogaster) is known only from two specimens collected in the Gulf of Aqaba.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gymnapogon melanogaster Gon & Golani, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gymnocranius oblongus","v":"oblong large-eye bream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The oblong large-eye bream (Gymnocranius oblongus) is known only from six specimens discovered in a fish market in New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gymnocranius oblongus Borsa, Béarez & Chen, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gymnocypris chui","v":"Chu's naked carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Chu's naked carp (Gymnocypris chui) is known only from four endorheic mountain lakes in southern and western Tibet.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gymnocypris chui Tchang, Yueh & Hwang, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gymnothorax bacalladoi","v":"Bacallado's moray eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bacallado's moray eel (Gymnothorax bacalladoi) is known only from three specimens collected from the Canary Islands and Madeira.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gymnothorax bacalladoi Böhlke & Brito, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gymnothorax eurygnathos","v":"wide-mouth moray eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The wide-mouth moray eel (Gymnothorax eurygnathos) is known only from two specimens collected from the Gulf of California and off El Salvador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gymnothorax eurygnathos Böhlke, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gymnothorax serratidens","v":"sawtooth moray eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sawtooth moray eel (Gymnothorax serratidens) is known only from a few specimens collected from coastal southwestern Colombia and northwestern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gymnothorax serratidens (Hildebrand & Barton, 1949)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Halichoeres pelicieri","v":"Pelicier's wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Pelicier's wrasse (Halichoeres pelicieri) is confined to deepwater reef slopes off Mauritius.","l":"dd","iucn":"Halichoeres pelicieri Randall & Smith, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Halichoeres raisneri","v":"Raisner's wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Raisner's wrasse (Halichoeres raisneri) is known only from relatively deep waters off the Galápagos Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Halichoeres raisneri Baldwin & McCosker, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Halichoeres signifer","v":"sign wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sign wrasse (Halichoeres signifer) is confined to shallow waters off the coast of Oman.","l":"dd","iucn":"Halichoeres signifer Randall & Earle, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Halieutopsis tumifrons","v":"Galápagos batfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Galápagos batfish (Halieutopsis tumifrons) is a type of anglerfish known only from two specimens collected from deep waters within the Galápagos Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Halieutopsis tumifrons Garman, 1899","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Haplochromis tweddlei","v":"Tweddle's cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tweddle's cichlid (Haplochromis tweddlei) is known only from lakes Chiuta and Chilwa and associated rivers in southeastern Malawi and northern Mozambique, where it is threatened by overfishing and drought.","l":"dd","iucn":"Haplochromis tweddlei (Jackson, 1985)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Haptoclinus apectolophus","v":"uncombed blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Arrowsmith Bank","e":"The uncombed blenny (Haptoclinus apectolophus) is known only from Arrowsmith Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Haptoclinus apectolophus Böhlke & Robins, 1974","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Helcogramma solorensis","v":"Solor triplefin blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Solor triplefin blenny (Helcogramma solorensis) is known only from three specimens collected on Solor Island in the Lesser Sunda Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Helcogramma solorensis Fricke, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Helcogrammoides antarcticus","v":"Antarctic triplefin blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Antarctic triplefin blenny (Helcogrammoides antarcticus) is a subtidal species known only from a few specimens collected from Paradise Bay, on the Antarctic Peninsula.","l":"dd","iucn":"Helcogrammoides antarcticus (Tomo, 1982)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemerorhinus opici","v":"Opic's eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Opic's eel (Hemerorhinus opici) is known only from three specimens collected from the coastal waters of Ghana, Senegal and Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemerorhinus opici Blache & Bauchot, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemibagrus centralus","v":"Quang Binh catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Quang Binh catfish (Hemibagrus centralus) is known only from hillstreams within the Annamite Mountains of central Vietnam (Quang Binh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibagrus centralus Mai, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemibagrus songdaensis","v":"Lai Chau catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lai Chau catfish (Hemibagrus songdaensis) is known only from the upper Black River in northwestern Vietnam (Lai Chau province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibagrus songdaensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibrycon cairoense","v":"Risaralda characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Risaralda characin (Hemibrycon cairoense) is known only from Los Ramirez and Italica creeks, small tributaries of the Risaralda River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon cairoense Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibrycon santamartae","v":"Santa Marta characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Santa Marta characin (Hemibrycon santamartae) is known only from two disjunct localities within the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in northern Colombia (La Guajira and Magdalena departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon santamartae Román-Valencia, Ruiz-C., García-Alzate & Taphorn, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibrycon virolinica","v":"Santander characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Santander characin (Hemibrycon virolinica) is known only from a few creeks and rivers in northern Colombia (Santander department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibrycon virolinica Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemiculter elongatus","v":"Ky Cung sharpbelly","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ky Cung sharpbelly (Hemiculter elongatus) is confined to the Ky Cung River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemiculter elongatus Nguyen & Ngo 2001","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemiculter krempfi","v":"Krempf's sharpbelly","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Krempf's sharpbelly (Hemiculter krempfi) is known only from the Cai and Da Rang rivers of central Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Phu Yen provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemiculter krempfi Pellegrin & Chevey, 1938","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemiculter tchangi","v":"Tchang's sharpbelly","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tchang's sharpbelly (Hemiculter tchangi) is known only from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in central Chinga (Sichuan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemiculter tchangi Fang, 1942","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemigymnus sexfasciatus","v":"Red Sea thicklip wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Red Sea","e":"The Red Sea thicklip wrasse (Hemigymnus sexfasciatus) is known only from a couple of records originating in the Red Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemigymnus sexfasciatus (Rüppell, 1835)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemimyzon nujiangensis","v":"Nujiang river loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nujiang river loach (Hemimyzon nujiangensis) is confined to the upper Salween River in Yunnan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemimyzon nujiangensis (Zhang & Zheng, 1983)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Heteroconger canabus","v":"white-ring garden eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The white-ring garden eel (Heteroconger canabus) is known only from sandy slopes near reefs in the southwestern Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heteroconger canabus (Cowan & Rosenblatt, 1974)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Himantolophus compressus","v":"Portuguese footballfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Portuguese footballfish (Himantolophus compressus) is a type of deep-sea anglerfish is known only from a single, now-lost specimen collected off the coast of Portugal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Himantolophus compressus (Osório, 1909)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hippocampus minotaur","v":"bullneck seahorse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The bullneck seahorse (Hippocampus minotaur) is known only from a few specimens collected from southeastern Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hippocampus minotaur Gomon, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Holanthias caudalis","v":"Ascension seaperch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South Atlantic Ridge","e":"The Ascension seaperch (Holanthias caudalis) is known only from two specimens collected during the 1970s from the waters around Ascenscion Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Holanthias caudalis Trunov, 1976","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Holanthias fronticinctus","v":"Günther's seaperch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"Günther's seaperch (Holanthias fronticinctus) is confined to deep reefs off Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Holanthias fronticinctus (Günther, 1868)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hoplostethus marisrubri","v":"Red Sea roughy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Red Sea","e":"The Red Sea roughy (Hoplostethus marisrubri) is known only from five specimens collected from a single locality (possibly a seamount) in the middle of the Red Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hoplostethus marisrubri Kotlyar, 1986","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hoplostethus metallicus","v":"metallic roughy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The metallic roughy (Hoplostethus metallicus) is a deep-sea species known only from a small number of specimens collected throughout the central Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hoplostethus metallicus Fowler, 1938","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyphessobrycon amaronensis","v":"Amaron tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Amaron tetra (Hyphessobrycon amaronensis) is known only from a few creeks and rivers within a small area of southern Colombia (Putumayo department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyphessobrycon amaronensis García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyphessobrycon columbianus","v":"Acandí tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Acandí tetra (Hyphessobrycon columbianus) was, until relatively recently, known only from a few specimens collected from the Acandí River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyphessobrycon columbianus Zarske & Géry, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyphessobrycon sebastiani","v":"Sebastian's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Sebastian's tetra (Hyphessobrycon sebastiani) is known only from two disjunct localities within the Calima and San Juan rivers of western coastal Colombia (Chocó and Valle del Cauca departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyphessobrycon sebastiani García-Alzate, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypoplectrus maculiferus","v":"bicoloured hamlet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The bicoloured hamlet (Hypoplectrus maculiferus) is known only from reefs off Havana, Cuba and Saint Barthélemy, but presumably ranges more widely.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypoplectrus maculiferus Poey, 1871","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsibarbus annamensis","v":"Huong barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Huong barb (Hypsibarbus annamensis) is known only from specimens collected from the Huong River in 1936.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsibarbus annamensis (Pellegrin & Chevey, 1936)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsopanchax catenatus","v":"chain lampeye","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The chain lampeye (Hypsopanchax catenatus) is known only from a single rainforest brook within the Ogooué River drainage in southeastern Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsopanchax catenatus Radda, 1981","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ichthyapus insularis","v":"Ascension sand-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South Atlantic Ridge","e":"The Ascension sand-eel (Ichthyapus insularis) is confined to the shoreline of Ascension Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyapus insularis McCosker, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ictalurus australis","v":"Meek's catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Meek's catfish (Ictalurus australis) is confined to the Blanco and Pánuco rivers of eastern Mexico, where it is threatened mainly by overfishing.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ictalurus australis (Meek, 1904)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ictalurus dugesii","v":"Lerma catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lerma catfish (Ictalurus dugesii) is confined to the Turbio and Ayuquila rivers.","l":"ne","iucn":"Ictalurus dugesii","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Imparfinis timana","v":"La Quebradona three-barbeled catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The La Quebradona three-barbeled catfish (Imparfinis timana) is known only from La Quebradona creek, a small tributary of the Guarapas River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Imparfinis timana Ortega-Lara, Milani, DoNascimiento, Villa-Navarro & Maldonado-Ocampo, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Iniistius cyanifrons","v":"Valenciennes' razorfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Valenciennes' razorfish (Iniistius cyanifrons) is known only from coastal southern India off Pondicherry and Madras.","l":"dd","iucn":"Iniistius cyanifrons (Valenciennes, 1840)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Isocirrhitus sexfasciatus","v":"sixband hawkfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sixband hawkfish (Isocirrhitus sexfasciatus) is known only from a few specimens collected in the shallow waters around the Marshall Islands, the Tuamotu Archipelago and Rapa, French Polynesia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Isocirrhitus sexfasciatus (Schultz, 1960)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Jenkinsia parvula","v":"Venezuelan herring","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Venezuelan herring (Jenkinsia parvula) is known only from a few specimens collected off the coast of Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Jenkinsia parvula Cervigón & Velazquez, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Johnius laevis","v":"smooth croaker","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The smooth croaker (Johnius laevis) is confined to the coastal waters of northern Australia and southern New Guinea, where it is frequently taken as prawn fishery bycatch.","l":"dd","iucn":"Johnius laevis Sasaki & Kailola, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Kribia leonensis","v":"Sierra Leone sleeper goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sierra Leone sleeper goby (Kribia leonensis) is known only from three localities in eastern Sierra Leone.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kribia leonensis (Boulenger, 1916)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Kuhlia salelea","v":"Salele flagtail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Salele flagtail (Kuhlia salelea) is a type of freshwater fish confined to a few Samoan rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kuhlia salelea Schultz, 1943","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus latirostris","v":"Lake Malawi yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lake Malawi yellowfish (Labeobarbus latirostris) is an uncommon species endemic to Lake Malawi, from where it ascends the Bua and Shire rivers to spawn.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus latirostris (Keilhack, 1908)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Labrisomus pomaspilus","v":"spotcheek blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotcheek blenny (Labrisomus pomaspilus) is known only from a few tide pool localities in coastal southwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labrisomus pomaspilus Springer & Rosenblatt, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labrisomus wigginsi","v":"Baja blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Baja blenny (Labrisomus wigginsi) is confined to the Pacific coast of the central and southern Baja California Peninsula.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labrisomus wigginsi Hubbs, 1953","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ladigesocypris mermere","v":"Izmir minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Eurasian Region","e":"The Izmir minnow (Ladigesocypris mermere) is known only from a few specimens collected from southwestern Anatolia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ladigesocypris mermere (Ladiges, 1960)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lamprologus symoensi","v":"Symoens' cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Lufira River","e":"Symoens' cichlid (Lamprologus symoensi) is known only from two effluents of the Lufira River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lamprologus symoensi Poll, 1976","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Laocypris hispida","v":"bristly fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The bristly fish (Laocypris hispida) is known only from the Nam Leuk and Nam San (a small tributary of the Negum Reservoir) in northern Laos, where it is threatened by overfishing and loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Laocypris hispida Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lappanella guineensis","v":"Guinea wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Guinea wrasse (Lappanella guineensis) is known only from relatively deep rocky reefs off the coast of Senegal and Guinea in West Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lappanella guineensis Bauchot, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Larabicus quadrilineatus","v":"four-line wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The four-line wrasse (Larabicus quadrilineatus) is confined to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.","l":"dd","iucn":"Larabicus quadrilineatus (Rüppell, 1835)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lebiasina narinensis","v":"Nariño lebiasina","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nariño lebiasina (Lebiasina narinensis) is known only from a single ravine in southwestern Colombia (Nariño department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lebiasina narinensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lentipes solomonensis","v":"Solomons freshwater goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Solomons freshwater goby (Lentipes solomonensis) is an amphidromous species known only from a handful of specimens collected from three streams on three different islands within the Solomons (Ranogga, Rendova and Makira).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lentipes solomonensis Jenkins, Allen & Boseto, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lepidotrigla venusta","v":"Fowler's sea robin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Fowler's sea robin (Lepidotrigla venusta) is a type of bottom-feeding fish known only from the waters off the eastern coast of Luzon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidotrigla venusta Fowler, 1938","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptobarbus hosii","v":"Hose's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hose's barb (Leptobarbus hosii) is confined to a few rivers in northern Borneo (Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptobarbus hosii (Regan, 1906)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lestidiops gracilis","v":"slender barracundina","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The slender barracundina (Lestidiops gracilis) is a deep-sea fish confined to the eastern coast of New Zealand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lestidiops gracilis (Ege, 1953)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Leucobrotula adipata","v":"Atlantic false brotula","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Atlantic false brotula (Leucobrotula adipata) is known only from seven specimens collected off the coast of western Europe.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leucobrotula adipata Koefoed, 1952","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Liniparhomaloptera monoloba","v":"Ky-Phu loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ky-Phu loach (Liniparhomaloptera monoloba) is known only from Ky-Phu creek in northern Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Liniparhomaloptera monoloba (Mai, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Liobranchia stria","v":"minute clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The minute clingfish (Liobranchia stria) is known only from specimens collected off Guam and Saipan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Liobranchia stria Briggs, 1955","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Liza persicus","v":"Persian mullet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Persian mullet (Liza persicus) is known only from a few specimens collected in the shallow coastal waters of Qatar and Bahrain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Liza persicus (Senou, Randall & Okiyama, 1995)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lubbockichthys myersi","v":"Myers' dottyback","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Myers' dottyback (Lubbockichthys myersi) is known only from a single museum specimen collected in the waters off Guam, along with a few observations.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lubbockichthys myersi Gill & Edwards, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Luciobarbus lorteti","v":"Lortet's barbel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Lortet's barbel (Luciobarbus lorteti) is confined to the lower Orontes River in Syria and Turkey.","l":"dd","iucn":"Luciobarbus lorteti (Sauvage, 1882)","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lutjanus endecacanthus","v":"Gulf of Guinea snapper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"The Gulf of Guinea snapper (Lutjanus endecacanthus) is known only from a few specimens collected during the nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lutjanus endecacanthus Bleeker, 1863","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lythrypnus solanensis","v":"Sola's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Sola's goby (Lythrypnus solanensis) is confined to the coastal waters of Gorgona Island, off the coast of Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lythrypnus solanensis Acero P., 1981","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Macrognathus obscurus","v":"Hpa Lap spiny eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Hpa Lap spiny eel (Macrognathus obscurus) is known only from specimens collected from a single stream in northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Macrognathus obscurus Britz, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Macropodus spechti","v":"black paradise fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black paradise fish (Macropodus spechti) is a type of gourami known only from the Thu Bon and Houng river drainages of central Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Macropodus spechti Schreitmüller, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Malacoctenus costaricanus","v":"Costa Rican blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Costa Rican blenny (Malacoctenus costaricanus) is known only from a few historical records from the western coasts of Costa Rica and El Salvador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Malacoctenus costaricanus Springer, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Malapterus reticulatus","v":"reticulated wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The reticulated wrasse (Malapterus reticulatus) is known only from shallow waters off the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Malapterus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1839","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Marcusenius bentleyi","v":"Bentley's mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bentley's mormyrid (Marcusenius bentleyi), Wagenia Falls whiptailed catfish (Phractura fasciata), Wagenia Rapids loach catfish (Dolichamphilius longiceps), and Wagenia Falls claroteid catfish (Amarginops platus) are all known only from Wagenia Falls, the last in the Stanley Falls cataract system.","l":"dd","iucn":"Marcusenius bentleyi (Boulenger, 1897)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Maroubra yasudai","v":"orange pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The orange pipefish (Maroubra yasudai) is known only from the Izu Oceanic Park off the southeastern coast of Honshu, Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Maroubra yasudai Dawson, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mchenga inornata","v":"Boulenger's cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Boulenger's cichlid (Mchenga inornata) is known only from two specimens collected during the early twentieth century from an unknown locality within Lake Malawi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mchenga inornata (Boulenger, 1908)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Meganthias carpenteri","v":"Carpenter's yellowtop jewelfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Gulf of Guinea","e":"Carpenter's yellowtop jewelfish (Meganthias carpenteri) is known only from two specimens obtained from a fish market in Nigeria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Meganthias carpenteri Anderson, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mekongina bibarba","v":"Tonlé San carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tonlé San carp (Mekongina bibarba) is confined to the Tonlé San River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mekongina bibarba Nguyen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Melamphaes ebelingi","v":"Ebeling's bigscale","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Ebeling's bigscale (Melamphaes ebelingi) is a type of deep-sea fish known only from a few specimens collected throughout the tropical Atlantic.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melamphaes ebelingi Keene, 1973","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Melamphaes hubbsi","v":"Hubbs' bigscale","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"Hubbs' bigscale (Melamphaes hubbsi) is known only from deep waters near Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melamphaes hubbsi Ebeling, 1962","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Membras argentea","v":"Plateada silverside","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Plateada silverside (Membras argentea) is known only from three specimens collected during the 1940s from a single locality off northern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Membras argentea (Schultz, 1948)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Merluccius hernandezi","v":"Cortez hake","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cortez hake (Merluccius hernandezi) is a cod-like fish endemic to the deeper waters of the Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Merluccius hernandezi Mathews, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microctenopoma lineatum","v":"Nichols' climbing gourami","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Nichols' climbing gourami (Microctenopoma lineatum) is known only from a few localities in the Central African Republic and northern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microctenopoma lineatum (Nichols, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Microctenopoma milleri","v":"Miller's climbing gourami","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The lower Congo","e":"Miller's climbing gourami (Microctenopoma milleri) is known only from lower Congo and its tributary, the Lunyonzo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microctenopoma milleri (Norris & Douglas, 1991)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microdesmus africanus","v":"Congo worm-goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Congo worm-goby (Microdesmus africanus) is known only from two specimens collected from the Congo River estuary.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microdesmus africanus Dawson, 1979","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Microdesmus luscus","v":"blind worm-goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blind worm-goby (Microdesmus luscus) is known only from a few specimens collected from three, widely-separated, shallow coral reefs (Dominica, Puerto Rico and Panama).","l":"dd","iucn":"Microdesmus luscus Dawson, 1977","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Micrognathus brevicorpus","v":"short-bodied pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The short-bodied pipefish (Micrognathus brevicorpus) is known only from coral reefs surrounding Grande Terre, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Micrognathus brevicorpus Fricke, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Microichthys sanzoi","v":"Sanzo's deepwater cardinalfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Sanzo's deepwater cardinalfish (Microichthys sanzoi) is known only from the southeastern coast of Sicily.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microichthys sanzoi Sparta, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microphis caudocarinatus","v":"slender pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The slender pipefish (Microphis caudocarinatus) is known only from two specimens, the first collected from the Tawarin River of northwestern New Guinea in 1903, and the other from Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands in 1995.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microphis caudocarinatus (Weber, 1907)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microphis cruentus","v":"Dumbéa River pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Dumbéa River pipefish (Microphis cruentus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Dumbéa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microphis cruentus Dawson & Fourmanoir, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Microphis spinachioides","v":"spinach pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spinach pipefish (Microphis spinachioides) is known only from the Sepik, May and Ramu rivers of Papua New Guinea, where it may be threatened by habitat degradation.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microphis spinachioides (Duncker, 1915)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Micropogonias fasciatus","v":"Arica croaker","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Arica croaker (Micropogonias fasciatus) is known only from two specimens collected off the northern coast of Chile in 1962.","l":"dd","iucn":"Micropogonias fasciatus (de Buen, 1961)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microsynodontis nannoculus","v":"Kyé upside-down catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kyé upside-down catfish (Microsynodontis nannoculus) is known only from the Kyé River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microsynodontis nannoculus Ng, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Minyichthys inusitatus","v":"Dawson's pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Dawson's pipefish (Minyichthys inusitatus) is known only from as single juvenile collected in relatively deep waters off the coast of Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Minyichthys inusitatus Dawson, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Misgurnus multimaculatus","v":"Rendahl's weather loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Rendahl's weather loach (Misgurnus multimaculatus) is known only from a few specimens collected in the 1940s from central coastal Vietnam (Hué province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Misgurnus multimaculatus Rendahl, 1944","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mitotichthys meraculus","v":"western crested pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The western crested pipefish (Mitotichthys meraculus) is confined to seagrass meadows in the vicinity of Flinders Bay and Perth, Western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mitotichthys meraculus (Whitley, 1948)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Monognathus taningi","v":"Taning's one-jawed eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cape Verde Rise","e":"Taning's one-jawed eel (Monognathus taningi) is known only from two specimens collected during the 1930s from deep waters of the Cape Verde Rise.","l":"dd","iucn":"Monognathus taningi Bertin, 1936","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Monolene helenensis","v":"Saint Helena deepwater flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"The Saint Helena deepwater flounder (Monolene helenensis) is known only from few specimens collected north of Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Monolene helenensis Amaoka & Imamura, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Monopterus hodgarti","v":"Hodgart's swamp eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hodgart's swamp eel (Monopterus hodgarti) is known only from its original description during the early twentieth century from northeatern India (Arunachal Pradesh).","l":"dd","iucn":"Monopterus hodgarti (Chaudhuri, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mormyrops parvus","v":"small mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The lower Congo","e":"The small mormyrid (Mormyrops parvus) is confined to the lower Congo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mormyrops parvus Boulenger, 1899","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mugil margaritae","v":"Margarita mullet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Margarita mullet (Mugil margaritae) is known only from a small number of specimens collected from two, widely-spaced localities off the coast of Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mugil margaritae Menezes, Nirchio, Olivera & Siccharamirez, 2015","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Myoxocephalus tuberculatus","v":"Okhotsk sculpin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Okhotsk sculpin (Myoxocephalus tuberculatus) is known only from the Sea of Okhotsk, where it is potentially threatened by overfishing and pollution.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myoxocephalus tuberculatus Soldatov & Pavlenko, 1922","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Myripristis formosa","v":"Taiwanese soldierfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Taiwanese soldierfish (Myripristis formosa) is known only from four collections off Taiwan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myripristis formosa Randall & Greenfield, 1996","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myripristis tiki","v":"Tiki soldierfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tiki soldierfish (Myripristis tiki) is known only from a few specimens collected from Rapa in French Polynesia, the Pitcairn Islands, Cook Islands, and Easter Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myripristis tiki Greenfield, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Myroconger compressus","v":"red eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The red eel (Myroconger compressus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the West African coast, Cape Verde Islands, and Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myroconger compressus Günther, 1870","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myxodagnus belone","v":"sand stargazer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The sand stargazer (Myxodagnus belone) is known only from a small number of specimens collected from two shallow water localities in the Bahamas and another in Puerto Rico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myxodagnus belone Böhlke, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nahangbagrus songamensis","v":"Chay torrent catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chay torrent catfish (Nahangbagrus songamensis) is known only from six specimens collected from the Chay River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nahangbagrus songamensis Nguyen & Vo, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nangra bucculenta","v":"Tangail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tangail catfish (Nangra bucculenta) is known only from a small floodplain area between two large tributaries of the Ganges in central Bangladesh.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nangra bucculenta Roberts & Ferraris, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nannocampus weberi","v":"reef-flat pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The reef-flat pipefish (Nannocampus weberi) is known only from a few specimens collected off Bali and Sumba in the Lesser Sunda Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nannocampus weberi Duncker, 1915","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nannocharax reidi","v":"Reid's citharine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Reid's citharine (Nannocharax reidi) is known only from one or two localities in the upper Cross River drainage, but may perhaps be more widespread.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nannocharax reidi Vari & Ferraris, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nansenia iberica","v":"Iberian pencil smelt","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Iberian pencil smelt (Nansenia iberica) is known only from four specimens collected from a small area of the western Mediterranean, between the Balearic Islands and the eastern coast of Spain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nansenia iberica Matallanas, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Naso tuberosus","v":"humpnose unicornfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The humpnose unicornfish (Naso tuberosus) is known only from a few specimens collected from coral reefs across the Indian Ocean (Mauritius, the Seychelles, Mozambique, Cocos Island and southwestern Australia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Naso tuberosus Lacepède, 1801","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nematobrycon palmeri","v":"emperor tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The emperor tetra (Nematobrycon palmeri) is confined to the San Juan and Atrato river drainages of northwestern Colombia (Chocó department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann, 1911","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Neobythites franzi","v":"Franz's cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Franz's cusk-eel (Neobythites franzi) is known only from a few specimens collected in deep waters off Dunk Island, Queensland, within the Great Barrier Reef.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neobythites franzi Nielsen, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought"],"pa":false},{"n":"Neofundulus splendidus","v":"splendid killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The splendid killifish (Neofundulus splendidus) is known only from a single temporary pool in eastern Bolivia (Santa Cruz department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Neofundulus splendidus Nielsen & Brousseau, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Neoheterandria elegans","v":"tiger teddy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The tiger teddy (Neoheterandria elegans) is a small type of fish known only from the Truandó River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neoheterandria elegans Henn, 1916","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Neolebias gracilis","v":"Boteli tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Boteli tetra (Neolebias gracilis) is known only from marshes along the Boteli River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neolebias gracilis Matthes, 1964","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Neolebias philippei","v":"Philippe's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Philippe's tetra (Neolebias philippei) is known only from two widely-spaced localities within the middle Congo drainage (the Itimbiri and Tshuapa rivers).","l":"dd","iucn":"Neolebias philippei Poll & Gosse, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Neomerinthe folgori","v":"Folgor's scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Folgor's scorpionfish (Neomerinthe folgori) is known only from a few specimens collected along the western African coast off Mauritania, the Cape Verde Islands, and Namibia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neomerinthe folgori (Postel & Roux, 1964)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Neosalanx argentea","v":"Xiangzhou icefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Xiangzhou icefish (Neosalanx argentea) is known only from its original description in the 1930s from the city of Xiangzhou (Guangdong).","l":"dd","iucn":"Neosalanx argentea (Lin, 1932)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Normichthys herringi","v":"Herring's searsid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Herring's searsid (Normichthys herringi) is a type of deep-sea smelt known only from two specimens collected within the Arabian Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Normichthys herringi Sazonov & Merrett, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Notarius armbrusteri","v":"Nato sea-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nato sea-catfish (Notarius armbrusteri) is known only from six specimens collected from brackish waters along the southwestern coast of Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Notarius armbrusteri Betancur-R. & Acero P., 2006","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nybelinella erikssoni","v":"Eriksson's blind cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Eriksson's blind cusk-eel (Nybelinella erikssoni) is known only from a few specimens collected from great depths in the Atlantic and western Indian oceans.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nybelinella erikssoni (Nybelin, 1957)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Odontesthes gracilis","v":"Juan Fernández silverside","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Juan Fernández silverside (Odontesthes gracilis) is a little-known type of freshwater and marine fish endemic to the Juan Fernández Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Odontesthes gracilis (Steindachner, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ogilbia mccoskeri","v":"McCosker's coral brotula","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"McCosker's coral brotula (Ogilbia mccoskeri) is known only from a few coral reef localities in coastal Panama, including the San Blas Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ogilbia mccoskeri Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Olyra burmanica","v":"Pegu longtail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pegu longtail catfish (Olyra burmanica) is known only from a few old museum specimens collected from the Pegu Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Olyra burmanica Day, 1872","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Olyra horae","v":"Indawgyi longtail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Indawgyi longtail catfish (Olyra horae) is known only from a few museum specimens originating from Lake Indawgyi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Olyra horae (Prashad & Mukerji, 1929)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Omobranchus robertsi","v":"Robert's combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Robert's combtooth blenny (Omobranchus robertsi) is known only from brackish mangrove creeks in south-central coastal Papua New Guinea, but may perhaps occur as well on the northeastern portion of the Cape York Peninsula in Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Omobranchus robertsi Springer, 1981","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought"],"pa":false},{"n":"Omobranchus steinitzi","v":"Steinitz's combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Red Sea","e":"Steinitz's combtooth blenny (Omobranchus steinitzi) is known only from four specimens collected from a single locality in the Dahlak Archipelago, in the southern Red Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Omobranchus steinitzi Springer & Gomon, 1975","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oneirodes clarkei","v":"Clarke's dreamer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Clarke's dreamer (Oneirodes clarkei) is known only from the waters of the Madeira Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oneirodes clarkei Swinney & Pietsch, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Onychostoma uniforme","v":"Na-Ri shovel-jaw carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Na-Ri shovel-jaw carp (Onychostoma uniforme) is known only from the Na-Ri River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Onychostoma uniforme (Mai, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ophichthus apachus","v":"thin snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The thin snake-eel (Ophichthus apachus) is known only from two specimens, the first collected near the Tres Marías Islands of Mexico and the second off the coast of western Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ophichthus apachus McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ophichthus maculatus","v":"Sicilian snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sicilian snake-eel (Ophichthus maculatus) is known only from a specimen collected in 1810 from the waters near Sicily.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ophichthus maculatus (Rafinesque, 1810)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ophiclinops pardalis","v":"spotted snake-blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotted snake-blenny (Ophiclinops pardalis) is confined to a small area of coastal South Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ophiclinops pardalis (McCulloch & Waite, 1918)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Opisthopterus effulgens","v":"Vaqueria longfin herring","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Vaqueria longfin herring (Opisthopterus effulgens) appears to be confined to estuarine environments in northwestern coastal Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Opisthopterus effulgens (Regan 1903)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Opistognathus smithvanizi","v":"Smithvaniz's jawfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Smithvaniz's jawfish (Opistognathus smithvanizi) is known only from two specimens collected from Isla del Caño, off the southwestern coast of Costa Rica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Opistognathus smithvanizi Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Opistognathus walkeri","v":"Walker's jawfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Walker's jawfish (Opistognathus walkeri) is known only from the central-western Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Opistognathus walkeri Bussing & Lavenberg, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Opsaridium leleupi","v":"Leleup's salmon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Leleup's salmon (Opsaridium leleupi) is known only from the upper Congo (Lualaba) River in southern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Opsaridium leleupi (Matthes, 1965)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreochromis ismailiaensis","v":"Ismailia tilapia","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ismailia tilapia (Oreochromis ismailiaensis) is a type of cichlid known only from the Ismailia Channel.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreochromis ismailiaensis Mekkawy, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreoglanis delacouri","v":"Delacour's bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Delacour's bat-catfish (Oreoglanis delacouri) is known only from the upper Ngiap River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis delacouri (Pellegrin, 1936)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreoglanis macronemus","v":"Xiangkhouang bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Xiangkhouang bat-catfish (Oreoglanis macronemus) is known only from four specimens collected in the mid 1920s from the Xiangkhouang Plateau of northern Laos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis macronemus Ng, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Oreoglanis setiger","v":"upper Mekong bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The upper Mekong bat-catfish (Oreoglanis setiger) is known only from a few records in the upper Mekong in southwestern China (Yunnan) and the Ma Oun River in northwestern Laos (Louang Namtha province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis setiger Ng & Rainboth, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreoglanis suraswadii","v":"Doi Tung bat-catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Doi Tung bat-catfish (Oreoglanis suraswadii) is known only from two rocky forest streams near Doi Tung, northern Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreoglanis suraswadii Vidthayanon, Saenjundaeng & Ng, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Osteochilus brachynotopteroides","v":"Mekong sharkminnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mekong sharkminnow (Osteochilus brachynotopteroides) is known only from a small number of localities dispersed throughout the Mekong River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Osteochilus brachynotopteroides Chevey, 1934","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Osteochilus serokan","v":"Serokan sharkminnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Serokan sharkminnow (Osteochilus serokan) is known only from two localities in northwestern Sumatra (Aceh and Sumatera Utara provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Osteochilus serokan Hadiaty & Siebert, 1998","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ostichthys brachygnathus","v":"short-jaw soldierfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The short-jaw soldierfish (Ostichthys brachygnathus) is known only from a few specimens collected in deep waters off Guam and Saipan in the Mariana Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ostichthys brachygnathus Randall & Myers, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Oxynoemacheilus cinicus","v":"Menderes sportive loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Menderes sportive loach (Oxynoemacheilus cinicus) is known only from a single imprecise type locality, most likely within the Buyuk Menderes drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oxynoemacheilus cinicus (Erk'akan, Nalbant & Özeren, 2007)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pachypanchax playfairii","v":"golden killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The golden killifish (Pachypanchax playfairii) is a fresh and brackish water species endemic to streams and ponds in the granitic Seychelles.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pachypanchax playfairii (Günther, 1866)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pangio longimanus","v":"Mekong eel-loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mekong eel-loach (Pangio longimanus) is known only from specimens collected in 1997 from the confluence of the Leuk and Gnong rivers in north-central Laos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pangio longimanus Britz & Kottelat 2010","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pangio lumbriciformis","v":"Nan Kwe eel-loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nan Kwe eel-loach (Pangio lumbriciformis) is known only from Nan Kwe stream near Myitkina in northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pangio lumbriciformis Britz & Maclaine, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pantanodon stuhlmanni","v":"East Coast lampeye","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The East Coast lampeye (Pantanodon stuhlmanni) is confined to the lower reaches of river and brooks in the coastal areas of southeastern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania, including salt pans.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pantanodon stuhlmanni (Ahl, 1924)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parabotia banarescui","v":"Banarescu's loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Banarescu's loach (Parabotia banarescui) is confined to the middle reaches of the Yangtze in east-central China (Hubei).","l":"dd","iucn":"Parabotia banarescui (Nalbant, 1965)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paracaesio paragrapsimodon","v":"Kailola's snapper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kailola's snapper (Paracaesio paragrapsimodon) is known only from two specimens collected off Pohnpei in the Caroline Islands and from southeastern New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracaesio paragrapsimodon Anderson & Kailola, 1992","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Paracirrhites bicolor","v":"Randall's hawkfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Randall's hawkfish (Paracirrhites bicolor) is known only from two specimens collected in shallow waters near Caroline Atoll, Kiribati, and another two from the Tuamotu Archipelago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracirrhites bicolor Randall, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraconger macrops","v":"blackspot conger eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blackspot conger eel (Paraconger macrops) is confined to shallow coastal waters of the Madeira Islands and the Azores in the eastern Atlantic.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraconger macrops (Günther, 1870)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parakneria ladigesi","v":"Ladiges' shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ladiges' shellear (Parakneria ladigesi) is known only from the Cuango and Lulua rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakneria ladigesi Poll, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parakneria lufirae","v":"Lufira shellear","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Lufira River","e":"The Lufira shellear (Parakneria lufirae) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Lufira River and its effluents.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakneria lufirae Poll, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Parakuhlia macrophthalmus","v":"dara","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The dara (Parakuhlia macrophthalmus) is a rare type of grunt confined to the coastal waters of western Africa from Senegal to Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parakuhlia macrophthalmus (Osório, 1893)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Paralichthys schmitti","v":"Schmitt's flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Schmitt's flounder (Paralichthys schmitti) is known only from the Juan Fernández Islands off the coast of Chile.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paralichthys schmitti Ginsburg, 1933","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis kreffti","v":"Krefft's snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Krefft's snailfish (Paraliparis kreffti) is known only from the Scotia Sea in the South Atlantic and the Weddell Sea off Antarctica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis kreffti Andriashev, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis megalopus","v":"Oregon snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Oregon snailfish (Paraliparis megalopus) is known only from the Cascadia and Tufts abyssal plains off the coast of Oregon, United States.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis megalopus Stein, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Paraliparis nigellus","v":"North Atlantic Ridge snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The North Atlantic Ridge","e":"The North Atlantic Ridge snailfish (Paraliparis nigellus) is known only from three specimens collected from two localities.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis nigellus Chernova & Møller, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis obliquosus","v":"long-eared snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The long-eared snailfish (Paraliparis obliquosus) is known only from the vicinity of the Crozet and Kerguelan islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis obliquosus Chernova & Duhamel, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis operculosus","v":"long-eared snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Kerguelan Plateau","e":"The long-eared snailfish (Paraliparis operculosus) is known only from deep waters surrounding the Kerguelan Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis operculosus Andriashev, 1979","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paramonacanthus matsuurai","v":"Matsura's filefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Matsura's filefish (Paramonacanthus matsuurai) is known only from two specimens washed up on Chichi Jima, in the Bonin Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paramonacanthus matsuurai Hutchins, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Paranebris bauchotae","v":"San Miguel drum","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The San Miguel drum (Paranebris bauchotae) is known only from three specimens collected from the Gulf of San Miguel.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paranebris bauchotae Chao, Béarez & Robertson, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paranemachilus genilepis","v":"Changping stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Changping stone loach (Paranemachilus genilepis) is known only from a single subterranean river in south-central China (southern Guangxi).","l":"dd","iucn":"Paranemachilus genilepis Zhu, 1983","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Parapercis atlantica","v":"Cape Verde sandperch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cape Verde Rise","e":"The Cape Verde sandperch (Parapercis atlantica) is known only from a few specimens collected in shallow waters within the Cape Verde Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parapercis atlantica (Vaillant, 1887)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parasqualidus maii","v":"Vu Gia gudgeon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Vu Gia gudgeon (Parasqualidus maii) is known only from the Vu Gia River, where it is threatened by hydropower developments.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parasqualidus maii Doi, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Parastremma pulchrum","v":"beautiful characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Becordó River","e":"The beautiful characin (Parastremma pulchrum) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Becordó River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parastremma pulchrum Dahl, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paratilapia bleekeri","v":"Bleeker's cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Ikopa River","e":"Bleeker's cichlid (Paratilapia bleekeri) is known only from specimens collected during the nineteenth century from the Ikopa River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paratilapia bleekeri Sauvage, 1891","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraxenisthmus cerberusi","v":"Cerberus wriggler goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cerberus wriggler goby (Paraxenisthmus cerberusi) is known only from seven specimens collected from Pulau and another from Fiji.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraxenisthmus cerberusi Winterbottom & Gill, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pareuchiloglanis rhabdurus","v":"Ha Giang catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ha Giang catfish (Pareuchiloglanis rhabdurus) is known only from a small area of the Lo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pareuchiloglanis rhabdura Ng, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parodon atratoensis","v":"Atrato scrapetooth","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Atrato scrapetooth (Parodon atratoensis) is known only from the Neguá, Sucio and Truandó rivers, tributaries of the middle Atrato River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parodon atratoensis Londoño-Burbano, Román-Valencia & Taphorn, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parupeneus moffitti","v":"Moffitt's goatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Moffitt's goatfish (Parupeneus moffitti) is known only from the Mariana Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parupeneus moffitti Randall & Myers, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Patagonotothen kreffti","v":"Kreft's cod icefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Burdwood Bank","e":"Kreft's cod icefish (Patagonotothen kreffti) is known only from the Burdwood Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Patagonotothen kreffti Balushkin & Stehmann, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paxton concilians","v":"Paxton's cardinalfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Paxton's cardinalfish (Paxton concilians) is known only from four specimens collected from the waters surrounding the Montebello Islands in northwestern coastal Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paxton concilians Baldwin & Johnson, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pelagocephalus coheni","v":"Cohen's pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Norfolk Ridge","e":"Cohen's pufferfish (Pelagocephalus coheni) is known only from two specimens collected from the waters around Norfolk Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pelagocephalus coheni Tyler & Paxton, 1979","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Peronedys anguillaris","v":"eel blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The eel blenny (Peronedys anguillaris) is known only from a few museum specimens collected in disjunct areas of southeastern Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Peronedys anguillaris Steindachner, 1883","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pervagor marginalis","v":"margined filefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The margined filefish (Pervagor marginalis) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Marquesas and Line Islands, but likely occurs as well on other nearby atolls.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pervagor marginalis Hutchins, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Petrocephalus cunganus","v":"Cuanza mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cuanza mormyrid (Petrocephalus cunganus) is known only from the lower Cuanza River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Petrocephalus cunganus Boulenger, 1910","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Petrocephalus keatingii","v":"Keating's mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Keating's mormyrid (Petrocephalus keatingii) is known only from a few specimens collected from the White Nile between the Sobat confluence and Khartoum in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Petrocephalus keatingii Boulenger 1901","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Petrocephalus squalostoma","v":"Lukinda mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lukinda mormyrid (Petrocephalus squalostoma) is known only from the Lukinda and Luapula rivers in southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Petrocephalus squalostoma (Boulenger, 1915)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phenacogrammus bleheri","v":"Bleher's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bleher's tetra (Phenacogrammus bleheri) is confined to a small tributary of the Bari River, itself a tributary of the Oubangui River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phenacogrammus bleheri Géry, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phenacogrammus stigmatura","v":"Kienké tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Kienké tetra (Phenacogrammus stigmatura) is confined to the Kienké River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phenacogrammus stigmatura (Fowler, 1936)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phenacoscorpius longirostris","v":"longsnout no-line scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The longsnout no-line scorpionfish (Phenacoscorpius longirostris) is known only from two specimens collected from the Norfolk Island Ridge and the Lord Howe Rise.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phenacoscorpius longirostris Motomura & Last, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pherallodiscus varius","v":"southern fraildisc clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The southern fraildisc clingfish (Pherallodiscus varius) is a type of intertidal goby known only from three collections in southwestern Mexico (Jalisco), the last one in 1972.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pherallodiscus varius Briggs, 1955","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phractura fasciata","v":"Wagenia Falls whiptailed catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bentley's mormyrid (Marcusenius bentleyi), Wagenia Falls whiptailed catfish (Phractura fasciata), Wagenia Rapids loach catfish (Dolichamphilius longiceps), and Wagenia Falls claroteid catfish (Amarginops platus) are all known only from Wagenia Falls, the last in the Stanley Falls cataract system.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phractura fasciata Boulenger, 1920","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Phractura macrura","v":"Kasai whiptailed catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kasai whiptailed catfish (Phractura macrura) is known only from the Uamba and Cuilo rivers in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phractura macrura Poll, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phthanophaneron harveyi","v":"Baja flashlightfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Baja flashlightfish (Phthanophaneron harveyi) is a bioluminescent species known only from four specimens collected off the lower Baja California Peninsula and the Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phthanophaneron harveyi (Rosenblatt & Montgomery, 1976)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phyllopteryx dewysea","v":"ruby seadragon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The ruby seadragon (Phyllopteryx dewysea) is known only from four specimens collected from two disjunct localities off the southwestern coast of Australia (Recherche Archipelago and Perth region).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phyllopteryx dewysea Stiller, Wilson & Rouse, 2015","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Physiculus helenaensis","v":"Saint Helena codling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"The Saint Helena codling (Physiculus helenaensis) is confined to the waters around Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Physiculus helenaensis Paulin, 1989","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Physiculus parini","v":"Parin's codling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sala y Gómez Ridge","e":"Parin's codling (Physiculus parini) is confined to seamounts of the Sala y Gomez Ridge.","l":"dd","iucn":"Physiculus parini Paulin, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pictilabrus brauni","v":"Braun's senator wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Braun's senator wrasse (Pictilabrus brauni) is known only from five specimens collected from a reef off      Cheyne's Beach, in southwestern Western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pictilabrus brauni Hutchins & Morrison, 1996","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pimelodella montana","v":"Huallaga pimelodella catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Huallaga pimelodella catfish (Pimelodella montana) is known only from a small area of central-western Peru (Huánuco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pimelodella montana Allen, 1942","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Poecilia latipunctata","v":"broad-spotted molly","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The broad-spotted molly (Poecilia latipunctata) was historically confined to a small area of the Tamesí River, but has since been introduced into other drainages in Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Veracruz and Puebla states.","l":"dd","iucn":"Poecilia latipunctata Meek, 1904","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Poecilia mechthildae","v":"Acandí molly","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Acandí molly (Poecilia mechthildae) is known only from three specimens collected from a single locality within the Acandí River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Poecilia mechthildae Meyer, Etzel & Bork, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Poeciliopsis turneri","v":"black-spotted livebearer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black-spotted livebearer (Poeciliopsis turneri) is confined to the Purificación and Marabasco river drainages of southwestern Mexico (Jalisco).","l":"dd","iucn":"Poeciliopsis turneri Miller, 1975","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Poecilopsetta albomaculata","v":"Maldives righteye flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Chagos-Laccadive Ridge","e":"The Maldives righteye flounder (Poecilopsetta albomaculata) is known only from a few specimens collected in the waters around the Maldives.","l":"dd","iucn":"Poecilopsetta albomaculata Norman, 1939","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pollimyrus guttatus","v":"Chari mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chari mormyrid (Pollimyrus guttatus) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Chari River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pollimyrus guttatus (Fowler, 1936)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Polysteganus mascarenensis","v":"Mascarene seabream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mascarene seabream (Polysteganus mascarenensis) is known only from three specimens collected from the western Indian Ocean.","l":"dd","iucn":"Polysteganus mascarenensis Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pontinus helena","v":"Helena scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Helena scorpionfish (Pontinus helena) is known only from a few specimens collected off the coast of Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pontinus helena Eschmeyer, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pontinus nigerimum","v":"backlash scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The backlash scorpionfish (Pontinus nigerimum) is known only from a few specimens collected from the southeastern coast of South Africa, the southern coast of Madagascar, and the Mascarenes.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pontinus nigerimum Eschmeyer, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Porichthys oculellus","v":"smalleye midshipman","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The smalleye midshipman (Porichthys oculellus) is a type of toadfish is known only from a few records from coastal northwestern Colombia and southern Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Porichthys oculellus Walker & Rosenblatt, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Porichthys oculofrenum","v":"ocellated toadfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The ocellated toadfish (Porichthys oculofrenum) is known only from two specimens collected off the coast of northern Brazil and Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Porichthys oculofrenum Gilbert, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Porogadus nudus","v":"naked cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The naked cusk-eel (Porogadus nudus) is known only from a few specimens collected from deep waters off Mauritania and Cape Verde.","l":"dd","iucn":"Porogadus nudus Vaillant, 1888","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Porogadus subarmatus","v":"Cape Verde cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cape Verde Rise","e":"The Cape Verde cusk-eel (Porogadus subarmatus) is known only from a few specimens collected from deep waters of the Cape Verde Rise.","l":"dd","iucn":"Porogadus subarmatus Vaillant, 1888","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Poropuntius brevispinus","v":"Suoi Rut barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Suoi Rut barb (Poropuntius brevispinus) is known only from the Suoi Rut stream within the Black River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Poropuntius brevispinus (Nguyen & Doan, 1969)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Poropuntius melanogrammus","v":"Mae Klong barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mae Klong barb (Poropuntius melanogrammus) is confined to the upper Mae Klong River and adjacent areas, where it is threatened by dam construction and habitat degradation.","l":"dd","iucn":"Poropuntius melanogrammus Roberts, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Potamothrissa whiteheadi","v":"Whitehead's sawtooth pellonuline","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Whitehead's sawtooth pellonuline (Potamothrissa whiteheadi) is a type of herring known only from a few specimens collected within the Hombo River (a tributary of the Luhoko River) and the Lindi / Tshopo tributary, both in northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Potamothrissa whiteheadi Poll, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Priapichthys caliensis","v":"Cali Priapis fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cali Priapis fish (Priapichthys caliensis) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Cauca River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Priapichthys caliensis (Eigenmann & Henn, 1916)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Priapichthys nigroventralis","v":"Istmina killifish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Istmina killifish (Priapichthys nigroventralis) is known only from two specimens collected from the middle San Juan River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Priapichthys nigroventralis (Eigenmann & Henn, 1912)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Prionurus chrysurus","v":"yellowtail sawtail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The yellowtail sawtail (Prionurus chrysurus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the waters of the Lesser Sunda Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Prionurus chrysurus Randall, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Prognathodes obliquus","v":"oblique butterflyfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The oblique butterflyfish (Prognathodes obliquus) is known only from Saint Paul Rocks.","l":"dd","iucn":"Prognathodes obliquus (Lubbock & Edwards, 1980)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis","v":"wrinkle-jaw snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The wrinkle-jaw snailfish (Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis) is known only from a single individual collected near Seguam Island, in the Aleutian Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Prognatholiparis ptychomandibularis Orr & Busby, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Promyllantor atlanticus","v":"Karmovskaya's eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Karmovskaya's eel (Promyllantor atlanticus) is a deepwater species known only from the coast of the Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Promyllantor atlanticus Karmovskaya, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Protemblemaria perla","v":"fringed tube blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The fringed tube blenny (Protemblemaria perla) is known only from three specimens collected in 1990 from Isla del Rey, in the Pearl Islands of the Gulf of Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Protemblemaria perla Hastings, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Protogrammus sousai","v":"Great Meteor dragonet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Great Meteor dragonet (Protogrammus sousai) is known only from a few specimens collected in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Protogrammus sousai (Maul, 1972)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Protomelas macrodon","v":"Nkhotakota cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nkhotakota cichlid (Protomelas macrodon) is known only from two specimens collected from a single locality on the southwestern shore of the lake.","l":"dd","iucn":"Protomelas macrodon Eccles, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Psettodes bennettii","v":"spiny turbot","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The spiny turbot (Psettodes bennettii) is a large type of flatfish confined to the West African continental shelf from Western Sahara to Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psettodes bennettii Steindachner, 1870","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudecheneis crassicauda","v":"thicktail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Mewa Khola River","e":"The thicktail catfish (Pseudecheneis crassicauda) is known only from the Mewa Khola River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudecheneis crassicauda Ng & Edds, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudecheneis maurus","v":"Thuy Loan catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Thuy Loan catfish (Pseudecheneis maurus) is known only from the Thuy Loan River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudecheneis maurus Ng & Tan, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudecheneis suppaetula","v":"Giri catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Giri catfish (Pseudecheneis suppaetula) is known only from the upper reaches of the Giri River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudecheneis suppaetula Ng, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudeutropius indigens","v":"Toh Daeng catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Toh Daeng catfish (Pseudeutropius indigens) is known only from the Toh Daeng peat swamp forest in southeastern peninsular Thailand (Narathiwat province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudeutropius indigens Ng & Vidthayanon, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudobunocephalus quadriradiatus","v":"Samiria banjo catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Samiria banjo catfish (Pseudobunocephalus quadriradiatus) is known only from a small area of north-central Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudobunocephalus quadriradiatus (Mees, 1989)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudochalceus bohlkei","v":"Boehlke's toothless characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Boehlke's toothless characin (Pseudochalceus bohlkei) is a type of freshwater fish known only from a small tributary of the Esmeraldas River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudochalceus bohlkei Orcés V., 1967","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudochalceus kyburzi","v":"Kyburz's toothless characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kyburz's toothless characin (Pseudochalceus kyburzi) is a little-known species confined to coastal rivers of western Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudochalceus kyburzi Schultz, 1966","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudocheilinus dispilus","v":"western Indo-Pacific lined wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The western Indo-Pacific lined wrasse (Pseudocheilinus dispilus) is known only from eastern coastal Madagascar and off the islands of Mauritius and Réunion.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudocheilinus dispilus Randall, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudocoris aequalis","v":"Holmes Reefs wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Holmes Reefs wrasse (Pseudocoris aequalis) is known only from Holmes Reefs.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudocoris aequalis Randall & Walsh, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudogilbia sanblasensis","v":"San Blas coral brotula","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The San Blas coral brotula (Pseudogilbia sanblasensis) is known only from Chiriquí Lagoon and Morbeptopo Reef on the Caribbean coast of Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudogilbia sanblasensis Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudohemiodon thorectes","v":"Mamoré armoured catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mamoré armoured catfish (Pseudohemiodon thorectes) is known only from a few scattered localities within the Mamoré river drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudohemiodon thorectes Isbrücker, 1975","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudolaguvia inornata","v":"Feni catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Feni catfish (Pseudolaguvia inornata) is known only from the Koilla Khal creek, a tributary of the Feni River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudolaguvia inornata Ng, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudomystus bomboides","v":"bumblebee catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The bumblebee catfish (Pseudomystus bomboides) is is known only from three specimens collected in 1997 from the Leuk River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudomystus bomboides Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudorhombus binii","v":"mottled flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The mottled flounder (Pseudorhombus binii) is known only from two disjunct coastal localities off southwestern Ecuador and northwestern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudorhombus binii Tortonese 1955","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Psilorhynchus brachyrhynchus","v":"Putao torrent minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Putao torrent minnow (Psilorhynchus brachyrhynchus) is known only from a few localities within the upper Irrawaddy River drainage of northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psilorhynchus brachyrhynchus Conway & Britz, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Psilorhynchus breviminor","v":"Ma Gawe torrent minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saman River","e":"The Ma Gawe torrent minnow (Psilorhynchus breviminor) is known only from the Ma Gawe River, a tributary of the Saman River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psilorhynchus breviminor Conway & Mayden, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Psilorhynchus rahmani","v":"Rahman's torrent minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Rahman's torrent minnow (Psilorhynchus rahmani) is known only from a single small hillstream located north of Chittagong in southeastern Bangladesh.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psilorhynchus rahmani Conway & Mayden, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Psilotris amblyrhynchus","v":"blunt-snout goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blunt-snout goby (Psilotris amblyrhynchus) is known only from a few specimens collected in coastal Belize and Honduras.","l":"dd","iucn":"Psilotris amblyrhynchus Smith & Baldwin, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ptereleotris brachyptera","v":"lowfin dartfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The lowfin dartfish (Ptereleotris brachyptera) is known only from a handful of specimens collected from three, widely-separated fringing reef localities (coastal Borneo, Palau and the Marshall Islands).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ptereleotris brachyptera Randall & Suzuki, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pterobrycon landoni","v":"Landon's tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Landon's tetra (Pterobrycon landoni) is known only from a few specimens collected within the lower and middle Atrato River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann, 1913","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi","v":"Ernest Magnus' cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ernest Magnus' cichlid (Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Mananara du Nord River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ptychochromis ernestmagnusi Sparks & Stiassny, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ptychochromis mainty","v":"Fort Dauphin cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Fort Dauphin cichlid (Ptychochromis mainty) is known only from forested streams in extreme southeastern Madagascar (former Toliara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ptychochromis mainty Martinez, Arroyave & Sparks, 2015","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ptychochromis makira","v":"Makira cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Makira cichlid (Ptychochromis makira) is known only from two specimens collected from the Antainambalana River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ptychochromis makira Stiassny & Sparks, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Raiamas kheeli","v":"Kheel's trout barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The lower Congo","e":"Kheel's trout barb (Raiamas kheeli) is known only from a few specimens collected from two, widely-separated localities in the lower Congo River, though it likely extends more widely.","l":"dd","iucn":"Raiamas kheeli Stiassny, Schelly & Schliewen, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Raiamas scarciensis","v":"Sierra Leone trout barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sierra Leone trout barb (Raiamas scarciensis) is known only from the Little Scarcies River and the Waanje River of Sierra Leone and Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Raiamas scarciensis Howes & Teugels, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rasbora gerlachi","v":"Gerlach's rasbora","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Gerlach's rasbora (Rasbora gerlachi) is known only from its initial collection in the 1920s from a single, undefined locality in Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rasbora gerlachi Ahl, 1928","sil":true,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rasbora septentrionalis","v":"Nanla rasbora","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nanla rasbora (Rasbora septentrionalis) is confined to the Nanla and Youan rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rasbora septentrionalis Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Redigobius leveri","v":"Lever's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Lever's goby (Redigobius leveri) is known only from a few shallow freshwater creeks and rivers on Viti Levu, Vanua Levu and Taveuni.","l":"dd","iucn":"Redigobius leveri (Fowler, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhabdoblennius papuensis","v":"Ninigo combtooth blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ninigo combtooth blenny (Rhabdoblennius papuensis) is confined to shallow seaward reef flats in the          Ninigo Islands, off northern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhabdoblennius papuensis Bath, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhabdosargus niger","v":"blackish stumpnose","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blackish stumpnose (Rhabdosargus niger) is known only from a few frozen specimens obtained from a fish market in Busan, South Korea, said to have originated from somewhere off the southwestern coast of Borneo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhabdosargus niger Tanaka & Iwatsuki, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhamphochromis ferox","v":"cruel cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The cruel cichlid (Rhamphochromis ferox) is known only from a few specimens collected from Lake Malawi and the Shire River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhamphochromis ferox Regan, 1922","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhinogobius imfasciocaudatus","v":"Nguyen's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Nguyen's goby (Rhinogobius imfasciocaudatus) is known only from a few creeks and rivers in the mountains of northern Vietnam (Ha Giang and Lai Chau provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius imfasciocaudatus Nguyen & Vo, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinogobius maculicervix","v":"Nanla goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nanla goby (Rhinogobius maculicervix) is confined to the Nanla and Youan rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius maculicervix Chen & Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinogobius milleri","v":"Miller's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Miller's goby (Rhinogobius milleri) is known only from small creeks within the Nam Mat and Nam Mo river drainages of northeastern Laos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius milleri Chen & Kottelat, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhinogobius vexillifer","v":"Bangkok goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The lower Chao Phraya River","e":"The Bangkok goby (Rhinogobius vexillifer) is known only from streams and tributary rivers within the lower Chao Phraya drainage, in what is now the city of Bangkok.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius vexillifer (Fowler, 1937)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinopias cea","v":"Cea's scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Cea's scorpionfish (Rhinopias cea) is known only from two specimens collected from shallow waters off Eastern Island and Rapa, in French Polynesia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinopias cea Randall & DiSalvo, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhynchogadus hepaticus","v":"Facciolà's morid cod","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Facciolà's morid cod (Rhynchogadus hepaticus) is known only from deep waters in the Gulf of Naples, the Strait of Messina, the Catalan Sea and off the Balearic Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhynchogadus hepaticus (Facciolà, 1884)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Robaloscion wiener","v":"Wiener's drum","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Wiener's drum (Robaloscion wiener) is known only from two specimens collected in the late nineteenth century from Callao Bay, off the coast of central Peru and another undefined locality off Chile.","l":"dd","iucn":"Robaloscion wieneri (Sauvage, 1883)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Robinsichthys arrowsmithensis","v":"Robin's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Arrowsmith Bank","e":"Robin's goby (Robinsichthys arrowsmithensis) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Arrowsmith Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Robinsichthys arrowsmithensis Birdsong, 1988","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rogadius mcgroutheri","v":"McGrouther's flathead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"McGrouther's flathead (Rogadius mcgroutheri) is known only from four specimens collected from the waters off northeastern Australia and New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rogadius mcgroutheri Imamura, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Samariscus filipectoralis","v":"Shen's righteye flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South China Sea","e":"Shen's righteye flounder (Samariscus filipectoralis) is known only from the South China Sea, where it may be threatened from overfishing and trawling bycatch.","l":"dd","iucn":"Samariscus filipectoralis Shen, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Saurida pseudotumbil","v":"Bay of Bengal lizardfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Bay of Bengal","e":"The Bay of Bengal lizardfish (Saurida pseudotumbil) is known only from a few specimens collected from the eastern coast of India.","l":"dd","iucn":"Saurida pseudotumbil Dutt & Sagar, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Scartelaos cantoris","v":"Day's goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Day's goby (Scartelaos cantoris) is known only from three specimens collected in the Andaman Islands in the 1870s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scartelaos cantoris (Day, 1871)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scarus obishime","v":"yellowtail parrotfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The yellowtail parrotfish (Scarus obishime) is confined to rocky and coral-encrusted slopes in the Bonin Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scarus obishime Randall & Earle, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scarus zufar","v":"Dhofar parrotfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Dhofar parrotfish (Scarus zufar) is known only from rocky reefs off the coast of Oman.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scarus zufar Randall & Hoover, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schilbe angolensis","v":"Cuanza butter catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cuanza butter catfish (Schilbe angolensis) is known only from the upper Cuanza River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schilbe angolensis (De Vos, 1984)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schismatogobius fuligimentus","v":"sooty goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sooty goby (Schismatogobius fuligimentus) is known only from a few streams in southern Grande Terre (Provence Sud), where it is threatened by nickel mining activities.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schismatogobius fuligimentus Chen, Séret, Pöllabauer & Shao, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schismatogobius vanuatuensis","v":"Espiritu Santo goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Espiritu Santo","e":"The Espiritu Santo goby (Schismatogobius vanuatuensis) is confined to streams on Espiritu Santo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schismatogobius vanuatuensis Keith, Marquet & Watson, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura acuticephala","v":"Hwe-gna-sang stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Hwe-gna-sang stone loach (Schistura acuticephala) is known only from the Hwe-gna-sang River, on the Shan Plateau of northern Myanmar (Shan State).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura acuticephala (Hora, 1929)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura aramis","v":"Aramis stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Aramis stone loach (Schistura aramis) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Nua River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura aramis Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura bachmaensis","v":"Bach Ma stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bach Ma stone loach (Schistura bachmaensis) is known only from a single small stream within the Thua Luu River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura bachmaensis Freyhof & Serov, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Schistura balteata","v":"tri-banded stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The tri-banded stone loach (Schistura balteata) is known only from a small area of the southern Malay Peninsula (Myanmar and Thailand).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura balteata (Rendahl, 1948)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura callichromus","v":"Black River stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Black River stone loach (Schistura callichromus) is known only from a single tributary in Yunnan, China, but may occur in other parts of the Black River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura callichroma (Zhu & Wang, 1985)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura moeiensis","v":"Moei stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Moei stone loach (Schistura moeiensis) is known only from four tributary streams within the Moei River drainage, but may be more widespread.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura moeiensis Kottelat, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura paucifasciata","v":"Hwe-nga-sang stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Hwe-nga-sang River","e":"The Hwe-nga-sang stone loach (Schistura paucifasciata) is known only from its original description in 1929 from the Hwe-nga-sang River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura paucifasciata (Hora, 1929)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura phongthoensis","v":"Phong Tho stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Phong Tho stone loach (Schistura phongthoensis) is known only from a few creeks and rivers in northwestern Vietnam (Lai Chau province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura phongthoensis (Nguyen, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura polytaenia","v":"Tengchong stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tengchong stone loach (Schistura polytaenia) is known only from a single tributary of the upper Irrawaddy in southwestern China (Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura polytaenia (Zhu, 1982)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura punctifasciata","v":"Bang Fai stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bang Fai stone loach (Schistura punctifasciata) is confined to the Bang Fai River downstream of the subterranean section.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura punctifasciata Kottelat, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura waltoni","v":"Walton's stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Walton's stone loach (Schistura waltoni) is confined to the Ping, Wang and Yom tributaries of the upper Chao Phraya drainage in northwestern Thailand, where it is threatened by habitat destruction and degradation.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura waltoni (Fowler, 1937)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":true},{"n":"Schizothorax curvilabiatus","v":"Sattar snowtrout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sattar snowtrout (Schizothorax curvilabiatus) is confined to the lower reaches of the Tsangpo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizothorax curvilabiatus (Wu & Tsao, 1992)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schizothorax meridionalis","v":"Tsao's snowtrout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tsao's snowtrout (Schizothorax meridionalis) is known only from two tributaries of the upper Irrawaddy in southwestern China (Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizothorax meridionalis Tsao, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schizothorax nukiangensis","v":"Nujiang snowtrout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nujiang snowtrout (Schizothorax nukiangensis) is confined to the upper Salween River in Yunnan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizothorax nukiangensis (Tsao, 1964)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scorpaena azorica","v":"Azores scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Azores Plateau","e":"The Azores scorpionfish (Scorpaena azorica) is a rare species known only from the waters off Terceiera Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaena azorica Eschmeyer, 1969","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Scorpaena orgila","v":"bold scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sala y Gómez Ridge","e":"The bold scorpionfish (Scorpaena orgila) is known only from a few specimens collected from a shallow rocky reef near Easter Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaena orgila Eschmeyer & Allen, 1971","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Scorpaenodes arenai","v":"Messina scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Messina scorpionfish (Scorpaenodes arenai) is known only from a few specimens collected off the Azores and from the Strait of Messina in the central Mediterranean.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaenodes arenai Torchio, 1962","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scorpaenodes elongatus","v":"African large-spotted scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The African large-spotted scorpionfish (Scorpaenodes elongatus) is known only from a handful os specimens collected off the coast of Senegal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaenodes elongatus Cadenat, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scorpaenodes scaber","v":"pygmy scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pygmy scorpionfish (Scorpaenodes scaber) is known only from two specimens collected from Shark Reef, off southeastern Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaenodes scaber (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sebastes koreanus","v":"Korean rockfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Yellow Sea","e":"The Korean rockfish (Sebastes koreanus) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Yellow Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sebastes koreanus Kim & Lee, 1994","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sebastes peduncularis","v":"Gulf of California rockfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Gulf of California rockfish (Sebastes peduncularis) is known only from two specimens collected in the north-central Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sebastes peduncularis Chen, 1975","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sectoria heterognathos","v":"Nanla stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nanla stone loach (Sectoria heterognathos) is confined to the Nanla and Youan rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sectoria heterognathos (Chen, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sicyopterus marquesensis","v":"Atuana goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Hiva Oa","e":"The Hiva Oa coastal stream goby (Stenogobius marqueti) and the Atuana goby (Sicyopterus marquesensis) are confined to Hiva Oa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sicyopterus marquesensis Fowler, 1932","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sicyopterus punctissimus","v":"Masoala goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Masoala goby (Sicyopterus punctissimus) is restricted to a few isolated localities on the Masoala Peninsula of northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province), where it is uncommon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sicyopterus punctissimus Sparks & Nelson, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sicyopus cebuensis","v":"Cebu goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cebu goby (Sicyopus cebuensis) is a freshwater and marine species known only from a few specimens collected from the Philippines, Taiwan, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, and southern Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sicyopus cebuensis Chen & Shao, 1998","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Silhouettea nuchipunctatus","v":"Dumaguete goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Dumaguete goby (Silhouettea nuchipunctatus) is known only from a single tide pool on the island of Negros in the Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Silhouettea nuchipunctata (Herre, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sillago argentifasciata","v":"silver-banded sillago","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The silver-banded sillago (Sillago argentifasciata) is a smelt-like species confined to the Balabac Strait off the southern tip of Palawan in the Philippines, where it is likely threatened by fisheries activity.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sillago argentifasciata Martin & Montalban, 1935","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis","v":"Ha Giang hillstream loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ha Giang hillstream loach (Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis) is confined to small rivers and creeks within the Lo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinogastromyzon hagiangensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Siokunichthys southwelli","v":"Southwell's pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Southwell's pipefish (Siokunichthys southwelli) is known only from four specimens collected at two widely-separated localities (Marichchukkaddi Bay in Sri Lanka and Mindoro, Philippines).","l":"dd","iucn":"Siokunichthys southwelli (Duncker, 1910)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Siphonognathus tanyourus","v":"longtail weed whiting","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The longtail weed whiting (Siphonognathus tanyourus) is known only from a few museum specimens collected off the southern coast of Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Siphonognathus tanyourus Gomon & Paxton, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Solea stanalandi","v":"Stanaland's sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Stanaland's sole (Solea stanalandi) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Persian Gulf.","l":"dd","iucn":"Solea stanalandi Randall & McCarthy, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Solegnathus dunckeri","v":"Duncker's pipehorse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Duncker's pipehorse (Solegnathus dunckeri) is confined to the waters of Lord Howe Island and the eastern coast of Australia (Queensland and New South Wales).","l":"dd","iucn":"Solegnathus dunckeri Whitley, 1927","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sparidentex datnia","v":"Ganges seabream","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ganges seabream (Sparidentex datnia) is known only from the mouth of the Ganges River in northeastern India and Bangladesh.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sparidentex datnia Hamilton, 1822","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sparisoma griseorubrum","v":"grey-red parrotfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The grey-red parrotfish (Sparisoma griseorubrum) is known only from a small area off the northern coast of Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sparisoma griseorubrum Cervigón, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Spatuloricaria atratoensis","v":"Truandó whiptail catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Truandó whiptail catfish (Spatuloricaria atratoensis) is known only from a tributary of the Truandó River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Spatuloricaria atratoensis Schultz, 1944","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphoeroides andersonianus","v":"Peruvian pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Peruvian pufferfish (Sphoeroides andersonianus) is known only from a few specimens collected off the coast of Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphoeroides andersonianus Morrow, 1957","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphoeroides georgemilleri","v":"plaincheek pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The plaincheek pufferfish (Sphoeroides georgemilleri) is known only from a few specimens collected off the coast of northwestern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphoeroides georgemilleri Shipp, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphyraena intermedia","v":"Ionian barracuda","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ionian barracuda (Sphyraena intermedia) is known only from the Gulf of Taranto in the Ionian Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphyraena intermedia Pastore, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphyraena lucasana","v":"Cortez barracuda","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cortez barracuda (Sphyraena lucasana) is confined to the region of the Gulf of California, the Baja California Peninsula and coastal southwestern Mexico, where it is potentially threatened by overfishing.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphyraena lucasana Gill, 1863","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Spinibarbus brevicephalus","v":"Thu Bon barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Thu Bon barb (Spinibarbus brevicephalus) is confined to the Thu Bon River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Spinibarbus brevicephalus Nguyen & Nguyen, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Squalius seyhanensis","v":"Ceyhan chub","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ceyhan chub (Squalius seyhanensis) is known only from two localities within the upper Ceyhan River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Squalius seyhanensis Turen, Kottelat & Doğan, 2013","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Squalius spurius","v":"Hasan's chub","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hasan's chub (Squalius spurius) is confined to the Orontes and Nahr al-Kabir river drainages of southeastern Turkey and northern Syria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Squalius spurius Heckel, 1843","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Starksia hoesei","v":"Hoese's blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hoese's blenny (Starksia hoesei) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Gulf of California and the western coast of Mexico (Guerrero) in 1975.","l":"dd","iucn":"Starksia hoesei Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Starksia lepidogaster","v":"scalybelly blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The scalybelly blenny (Starksia lepidogaster) is known only from a few specimens collected from rocky reefs off Cleopha Island, in the Marías Islands, in 1961.","l":"dd","iucn":"Starksia lepidogaster Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Starksia posthon","v":"brown-spotted blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The brown-spotted blenny (Starksia posthon) is known only from a few specimens collected disjunction from coastal southwestern Mexico and southern Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Starksia posthon Rosenblatt & Taylor, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Starksia springeri","v":"Springer's blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Springer's blenny (Starksia springeri) is known only from four shallow reef localities in the southern Caribbean (Curaçao, Bonaire, Isla de Aves and Isla los Roques).","l":"dd","iucn":"Starksia springeri Castillo & Baldwin, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Steatocranus mpozoensis","v":"M'pozo cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The M'pozo River","e":"The M'pozo cichlid (Steatocranus mpozoensis) is known only from the mouth of the M'pozo River and from the opposite bank in the main Congo River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Steatocranus mpozoensis Roberts & Stewart, 1976","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stelgistrum beringianum","v":"smallplate sculpin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The smallplate sculpin (Stelgistrum beringianum) is known only from a couple of specimens collected from around the Aleutian Islands in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stelgistrum beringianum Gilbert & Burke, 1912","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stellifer walkeri","v":"professor stardrum","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The professor stardrum (Stellifer walkeri) is known only from a few specimens collected along the southwestern coast of Mexico from Nayarit to Guerrero.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stellifer walkeri Chao, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stellifer wintersteenorum","v":"amigo stardrum","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The amigo stardrum (Stellifer wintersteenorum) is known only from a few specimens collected from the eastern Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stellifer wintersteenorum Chao, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenogobius alleni","v":"New Britain coastal stream goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"New Britain","e":"The New Britain coastal stream goby (Stenogobius alleni) is known only from ten specimens collected from a small freshwater stream in northeastern New Britain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenogobius alleni Watson, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenogobius caudimaculosus","v":"Nuku Hiva coastal stream goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Nuku Hiva","e":"The Nuku Hiva coastal stream goby (Stenogobius caudimaculosus) is confined to Nuku Hiva.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenogobius caudimaculosus Watson, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenogobius marqueti","v":"Hiva Oa coastal stream goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Hiva Oa","e":"The Hiva Oa coastal stream goby (Stenogobius marqueti) and the Atuana goby (Sicyopterus marquesensis) are confined to Hiva Oa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenogobius marqueti Watson, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenogobius randalli","v":"Randall's coastal stream goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Randall's coastal stream goby (Stenogobius randalli) is confined to Tubuai.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenogobius randalli Watson, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenogobius squamosus","v":"Ua Pou coastal stream goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Ua Pou","e":"The Ua Pou coastal stream goby (Stenogobius squamosus) is confined to Ua Pou.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenogobius squamosus Watson, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenogobius watsoni","v":"Watson's coastal stream goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Watson's coastal stream goby (Stenogobius watsoni) is known only from three islands in Milne Bay, southeastern New Guinea, where it lives in freshwater creeks.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenogobius watsoni Allen, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenolicmus sarmientoi","v":"Matos catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Matos catfish (Stenolicmus sarmientoi) is known only from four specimens collected from the Matos River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenolicmus sarmientoi Pinna & Starnes, 1990","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stigmatogobius borneensis","v":"Sundaic knight goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sundaic knight goby (Stigmatogobius borneensis) is known only from a handful of specimens collected from brackish streams on Borneo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stigmatogobius borneensis (Bleeker, 1850)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Stiphodon astilbos","v":"Vanuatu stiphodon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Vanuatu stiphodon (Stiphodon astilbos) is a type of freshwater goby known only from coastal streams on Santo, Pentecost and Efate islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stiphodon astilbos Ryan, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stiphodon hydroreibatus","v":"Samoan stiphodon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Samoan stiphodon (Stiphodon hydroreibatus) is a type of freshwater goby known only from a small number of specimens collected from the Samoan Islands and Futuna Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stiphodon hydroreibatus Watson, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stiphodon kalfatak","v":"Kalfatak's stiphodon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Espiritu Santo","e":"Kalfatak's stiphodon (Stiphodon kalfatak) is a type of freshwater goby known only from eight specimens collected from the Namatia River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stiphodon kalfatak Keith, Marquet & Watson, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stiphodon larson","v":"Larson's stiphodon","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Larson's stiphodon (Stiphodon larson) is a type of freshwater goby known only from a small area of northeastern Papua New Guinea and adjacent islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stiphodon larson Watson, 1996","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought"],"pa":false},{"n":"Suezichthys russelli","v":"Russell's slender wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Russell's slender wrasse (Suezichthys russelli) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Gulf of Suez.","l":"dd","iucn":"Suezichthys russelli Randall, 1981","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Syacium maculiferum","v":"clearspot flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The clearspot flounder (Syacium maculiferum) is known only from a few specimens collected from the waters around Cocos Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Syacium maculiferum (Garman, 1899)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Symphurus lubbocki","v":"Lubbock's tonguefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South Atlantic Ridge","e":"Lubbock's tonguefish (Symphurus lubbocki) is a type of flatfish known only from two specimens collected off Ascension Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Symphurus lubbocki Munroe, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Symphurus reticulatus","v":"reticulated tonguefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"The reticulated tonguefish (Symphurus reticulatus) is a type of flatfish known only from a few specimens collected in shallow waters off Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Symphurus reticulatus Munroe, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sympterichthys unipennis","v":"smooth handfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The smooth handfish (Sympterichthys unipennis) was a type of anglerfish historically endemic to the coastal waters of Tasmania, where it appears to have been fairly common.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sympterichthys unipennis (Cuvier, 1817)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synchiropus valdiviae","v":"Valdivia dragonet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Valdivia dragonet (Synchiropus valdiviae) is known only from three specimens collected from the Walvis Ridge off southwestern Africa and from Tristan da Cunha.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synchiropus valdiviae (Trunov, 1981)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Syngnathus carinatus","v":"Cortez pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cortez pipefish (Syngnathus carinatus) is confined to estuarine habitats and beaches in the northern Gulf of California, where it is potentially threatened by coastal development.","l":"dd","iucn":"Syngnathus carinatus (Gilbert, 1892)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Syngnathus macrophthalmus","v":"Hurghada pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Red Sea","e":"The Hurghada pipefish (Syngnathus macrophthalmus) is confined to the northwestern Red Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Syngnathus macrophthalmus Duncker, 1915","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Syngnathus makaxi","v":"Makax's pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Both are threatened by trawl fisheries bycatch, habitat destruction and collection for the international aquarium trade, curios, and for “traditional medicine.” Makax's pipefish (Syngnathus makaxi) is confined to shallow seagrass habitats off the Yucatán Peninsula in southeastern Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Syngnathus makaxi Herald & Dawson, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Synodontis caudovittatus","v":"white-finned squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The white-finned squeaker catfish (Synodontis caudovittatus) is known only from a few specimens collected from Ethiopia, South Sudan and Sudan during the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis caudovittatus Boulenger, 1901","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis pulcher","v":"Stanley Pool squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Stanley Pool squeaker catfish (Synodontis pulcher) is known only from two specimens collected from Stanley Pool.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis pulcher Poll, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodontis robertsi","v":"Roberts' squeaker catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Roberts' squeaker catfish (Synodontis robertsi) is a type of upside-down catfish known only from specimens collected in the Lukenie River, east-central Democratic Republic of Congo, in 1974.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodontis robertsi Poll, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodus mundyi","v":"Mundy's lizardfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Mundy's lizardfish (Synodus mundyi) is a bottom-dwelling species known only from two specimens collected near Oahu and from Penguin Bank, a submerged shield volcano.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodus mundyi Randall, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synodus pylei","v":"Pyle's lizardfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Pyle's lizardfish (Synodus pylei) is known only from two specimens collected in deep waters around the Fiji Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synodus pylei Randall, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tanichthys micagemmae","v":"Vietnamese cardinal minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Vietnamese cardinal minnow (Tanichthys micagemmae) is confined to the Ben Hai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tanichthys micagemmae Freyhof & Herder, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tetraodon implutus","v":"Cocos pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cocos pufferfish (Tetraodon implutus) is known only from specimens collected in the 1830s from HMS Beagle survey near the Cocos Islands, southwest of Sumatra.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tetraodon implutus Jenyns, 1842","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Thalassoma ascensionis","v":"Ascension wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South Atlantic Ridge","e":"The Ascension wrasse (Thalassoma ascensionis) is confined to shallow waters off Ascension Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thalassoma ascensionis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Thalassoma loxum","v":"slant-band wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The slant-band wrasse (Thalassoma loxum) is known only from a few specimens collected in shallow waters off Oman and Socotra Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thalassoma loxum Randall & Mee, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Thalassoma sanctaehelenae","v":"Saint Helena wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Saint Helena Seamount Chain, also known as the Saint Helena Seamounts","e":"The Saint Helena wrasse (Thalassoma sanctaehelenae) is known only from the waters around Saint Helena.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thalassoma sanctaehelenae (Valenciennes, 1839)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Thalassoma septemfasciatum","v":"seven-banded wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The seven-banded wrasse (Thalassoma septemfasciatum) is known only from a few historical records from Western coastal Australia, between Shark Bay and Perth.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thalassoma septemfasciatum Scott, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Thamnaconus fijiensis","v":"Fijian leatherjacket","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Fijian leatherjacket (Thamnaconus fijiensis) is a rare type of filefish known only from three specimens collected from Fiji, New Caledonia, and the Kii Peninsula of Honshu, Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thamnaconus fijiensis Hutchins & Matsuura, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Thrattidion noctivagus","v":"Sanaga pygmy herring","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sanaga River","e":"The Sanaga pygmy herring (Thrattidion noctivagus) is known only from a few specimens collected in 1972 from the lower Sanaga River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thrattidion noctivagus Roberts, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tomicodon lavettsmithi","v":"reticulated clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The reticulated clingfish (Tomicodon lavettsmithi) is known only from shallow intertidal waters surrounding Pelican Cays and Twin Cays, on the coast of Belize.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tomicodon lavettsmithi Williams & Tyler, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tomicodon prodomus","v":"Ecuadorian clingfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ecuadorian clingfish (Tomicodon prodomus) is known only from two collections from southwestern Colombia and western Ecuador, the last of which was in 1970.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tomicodon prodomus Briggs, 1969","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tonlesapia tsukawakii","v":"Tsukawaki's dragonet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tsukawaki's dragonet (Tonlesapia tsukawakii) is known only from a small area of the Tonlé Sap River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tonlesapia tsukawakii Motomura & Mukai, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tor kulkarnii","v":"dwarf mahseer","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dwarf mahseer (Tor kulkarnii) is known only from four specimens collected from the Darna River in the early 1990s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tor kulkarnii Menon, 1992","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Torquigener randalli","v":"Randall's toadfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Randall's toadfish (Torquigener randalli) is a type of pufferfish confined to the waters off Oahu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Torquigener randalli Hardy, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trichomycterus bomboizanus","v":"Zamora pencil catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Zamora pencil catfish (Trichomycterus bomboizanus) is known only from the Bomboiza and Gualaquiza rivers within the Santiago River drainage of southeastern Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trichomycterus bomboizanus (Tortonese, 1942)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trichomycterus taczanowskii","v":"Taczanowski's pencil catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Taczanowski's pencil catfish (Trichomycterus taczanowskii) is known only from the Huambo and Tortora rivers in northwestern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trichomycterus taczanowskii Steindachner, 1882","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trimma caudipunctatum","v":"Philippine Sea pygmy goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Philippine Sea pygmy goby (Trimma caudipunctatum) is known only from two specimens collected from the Ryukyu Islands and Palau along with a small number of obervations.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trimma caudipunctatum Suzuki & Senou, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Trinectes opercularis","v":"spotted-cheek sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotted-cheek sole (Trinectes opercularis) is known only from a few specimens collected from shallow waters off southwestern Colombia and Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trinectes opercularis (Nichols & Murphy, 1944)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trochilocharax ornatus","v":"ornate characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The ornate characin (Trochilocharax ornatus) is known only from a single imported specimen originating from the city of Iquitos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trochilocharax ornatus Zarske, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tylochromis elongatus","v":"elongated cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The elongated cichlid (Tylochromis elongatus) is confined to the upper Congo (Lualaba) River and Wagenia Falls.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tylochromis elongatus Stiassny, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tylochromis praecox","v":"tidal cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The lower Congo","e":"The tidal cichlid (Tylochromis praecox) is known only from two localities in the tidal stretches of the lower Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tylochromis praecox Stiassny, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Umbrina wintersteeni","v":"Wintersteen drum","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wintersteen drum (Umbrina wintersteeni) is known only from a few specimens collected along the southern coast of the Baja California Peninsula and in the southern Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Umbrina wintersteeni Walker & Radford, 1992","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Upeneus mouthami","v":"Moutham's goatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Moutham's goatfish (Upeneus mouthami) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Chesterfield Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Upeneus mouthami Randall & Kulbicki, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Upeneus vanuatu","v":"Vanuatu goatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Vanuatu goatfish (Upeneus vanuatu) is known only from a few specimens collected in the deep waters around Espiritu Santo and Malo islands in Vanuatu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Upeneus vanuatu Uiblein & Causse, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Uropterygius polystictus","v":"many-spotted moray eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The many-spotted moray eel (Uropterygius polystictus) is known only from a few records from the eastern Pacific (Gulf of California and the Galápagos Islands).","l":"dd","iucn":"Uropterygius polystictus Myers & Wade, 1941","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Varicus marilynae","v":"orangebelly goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The orangebelly goby (Varicus marilynae) is known only from two specimens collected from the western Atlantic (northeastern Gulf of Mexico and eastern Florida).","l":"dd","iucn":"Varicus marilynae Gilmore, 1979","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Variichthys jamoerensis","v":"Yamur grunter","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Yamur grunter (Variichthys jamoerensis) is confined to this single small lake.","l":"dd","iucn":"Variichthys jamoerensis (Mees, 1971)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Vomerogobius flavus","v":"lemon goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The lemon goby (Vomerogobius flavus) is a rare species known only from a handful of widely-spaced localities in the Bahamas, Belize, and Honduras, where it favours steep coral reef drop-offs.","l":"dd","iucn":"Vomerogobius flavus Gilbert, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Wetmorella tanakai","v":"pygmy possum wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pygmy possum wrasse (Wetmorella tanakai) is known only from three specimens collected over a wide area of Indonesia and the Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Wetmorella tanakai Randall & Kuiter, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenichthys rupestris","v":"Peruvian selema","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Peruvian selema (Xenichthys rupestris) is confined to shallow coastal waters in southern Ecuador and Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenichthys rupestris Hildebrand, 1946","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xenobarbus loveridgei","v":"Loveridge's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Loveridge's barb (Xenobarbus loveridgei) is known only from three specimens collected from off the southern shore of Lake Victoria in the 1920s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenobarbus loveridgei Norman, 1923","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xenomystax trucidans","v":"Laccadive eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Chagos-Laccadive Ridge","e":"The Laccadive eel (Xenomystax trucidans) is known only from a few specimens collected from deep waters in the Maldives and Laccadives.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenomystax trucidans Alcock, 1894","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Xiphophorus clemenciae","v":"yellow swordtail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The yellow swordtail (Xiphophorus clemenciae) is confined to streams and brooks within the upper Coatzacoalcos River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xiphophorus clemenciae Álvarez, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xyrias guineensis","v":"Guinea snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Guinea snake-eel (Xyrias guineensis) is a deepwater species known only from a few specimens collected from deepwaters off the coast of West Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xyrias guineensis (Blache, 1975)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xyrichtys koteamea","v":"Easter Island razorfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sala y Gómez Ridge","e":"The Easter Island razorfish (Xyrichtys koteamea) is known only from deep waters surrounding Easter Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xyrichtys koteamea Randall & Allen, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Yunnanilus parvus","v":"Nan Tong stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nan Tong stone loach (Yunnanilus parvus) is known only from an imprecise type locality (a cave outlet) in southern China (Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Yunnanilus parvus Kottelat & Chu, 1988","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Zaireichthys zonatus","v":"Kinsuka loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The lower Congo","e":"The Kinsuka loach catfish (Zaireichthys zonatus) is known only from two specimens collected from the rapids just below Stanley Pool in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zaireichthys zonatus Roberts, 1968","sil":true,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Zebrias captivus","v":"convict zebra sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The convict zebra sole (Zebrias captivus) is known only from two specimens collected off the coast of Bahrain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zebrias captivus Randall, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Zesticelus bathybius","v":"Günther's sculpin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Günther's sculpin (Zesticelus bathybius) is known only from five specimens collected within Tosa Bay, on the southern coast of Honshu, Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zesticelus bathybius (Günther, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Zoarchias neglectus","v":"Honshu eelpout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Honshu eelpout (Zoarchias neglectus) is an eel-like fish confined to tidepoools in a small area of eastern coastal Honshu, Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zoarchias neglectus Tanaka, 1908","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Adelophryne patamona","v":"Pakaraima shield frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pakaraima shield frog (Adelophryne patamona) is known only from Mount Wokomung and Mount Maringma in Guyana, but likely occurs as well in adjacent areas of northern Brazil (Roraima).","l":"dd","iucn":"Adelophryne patamona MacCulloch, Lathrop, Kok, Minter, Khan & Barrio-Amorós, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Afrixalus upembae","v":"Upemba leaf-folding frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Upemba leaf-folding frog (Afrixalus upembae) is known only from a small area of southeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Afrixalus upembae (Laurent, 1941)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Alsodes kaweshkari","v":"Kaweshkar spiny-chest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kaweshkar spiny-chest frog (Alsodes kaweshkari) is known only from two specimens, the first collected from Wellington Island off the coast of southwestern Chile and the other from the adjacent mainland in what is now Bernardo O'Higgins National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Alsodes kaweshkari Formas, Cuevas, & Nuñez, 1998","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Ambystoma silvense","v":"pine woods salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pine woods salamander (Ambystoma silvense) is known only from two, widely-separated localities (Durango and Chihuahua).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ambystoma silvense (Webb, 2004)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amolops iriodes","v":"Tay Con Linh cascade frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tay Con Linh cascade frog (Amolops iriodes) is known only from Mount Tay Con Linh II.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amolops iriodes (Bain & Nguyen, 2004)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Andinobates altobueyensis","v":"Alto del Buey poison dart frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Alto del Buey poison dart frog (Andinobates altobueyensis) is known only from the pre-montane forests of the Alto del Buey, where it has not been seen since the 1970s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Andinobates altobueyensis (Silverstone, 1975)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Arthroleptis formosus","v":"beautiful screeching frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The beautiful screeching frog (Arthroleptis formosus) is known only from a small area of western Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arthroleptis formosus Rödel, Kouamé, Doumbia & Sandberger, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Arthroleptis hematogaster","v":"Itombwe screeching frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Albertine Rift","e":"The Itombwe screeching frog (Arthroleptis hematogaster) is confined to the Itombwe and Kabobo highlands of east-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arthroleptis hematogaster (Laurent, 1954)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Arthroleptis loveridgei","v":"Loveridge's screeching frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Loveridge's screeching frog (Arthroleptis loveridgei) is known only from two specimens collected in the Ituri Forest in 1925.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arthroleptis loveridgei Witte, 1933","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Asterophrys pullifer","v":"Wondiwoi callulops frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wondiwoi callulops frog (Asterophrys pullifer) is known only from the eastern slopes of the Wondiwoi Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Asterophrys pullifer (Günther, 2006)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atelopus galactogaster","v":"Antado stubfoot toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Antado stubfoot toad (Atelopus galactogaster) is known only from two localities within Paramillo National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atelopus galactogaster Rivero & Serna, 1993","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Atelopus siranus","v":"Sira stubfoot toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sira stubfoot toad (Atelopus siranus) is known only from a few specimens collected on the eastern slopes of the Sira Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atelopus siranus Lötters & Henzl, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Austrochaperina archboldi","v":"Archbold's land frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Archbold's land frog (Austrochaperina archboldi) is known only from a type series collected in the Kratke Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Austrochaperina archboldi Zweifel, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Austrochaperina brevipes","v":"Victoria land frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Victoria land frog (Austrochaperina brevipes) is known only from Mount Victoria and Myola Guest House in the Owen Stanley Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Austrochaperina brevipes (Boulenger, 1897)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Austrochaperina minutissima","v":"pygmy land frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pygmy land frog (Austrochaperina minutissima) is known only from two localities within the Wondiwoi Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Austrochaperina minutissima Günther, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Austrochaperina parkeri","v":"Parker's land frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Parker's land frog (Austrochaperina parkeri) is known only from three localities in southeastern coastal Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Austrochaperina parkeri Zweifel, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Barygenys cheesmanae","v":"Tafa Papua frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tafa Papua frog (Barygenys cheesmanae) is known only from Mount Tafa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barygenys cheesmanae Parker, 1936","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Barygenys flavigularis","v":"yellow-throated Papua frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The yellow-throated Papua frog (Barygenys flavigularis) is known only from a small area of eastern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Barygenys flavigularis Zweifel, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bolitoglossa nigrescens","v":"black-headed climbing salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black-headed climbing salamander (Bolitoglossa nigrescens) is confined to a small area of Cartago province.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bolitoglossa nigrescens (Taylor, 1949)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Bufoides kempi","v":"Kemp's toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kemp's toad (Bufoides kempi) is known only from two specimens collected before 1919 from the Garo Hills.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bufoides kempi (Boulenger, 1919)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Callulops glandulosus","v":"warty callulops frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The warty callulops frog (Callulops glandulosus) is known only from Mount Kerewa, in central Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callulops glandulosus (Zweifel, 1972)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Callulops marmoratus","v":"Crater Mountains callulops frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Crater Mountains callulops frog (Callulops marmoratus) is known only from specimens collected in the vicinity of the Crater Mountain Biological Station.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callulops marmoratus Kraus & Allison, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Callulops sagittatus","v":"Star Mountains callulops frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Star Mountains callulops frog (Callulops sagittatus) is known only from two localities within the Star Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Callulops sagittatus Richards, Burton, Cunningham & Dennis, 1995","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ceratophrys testudo","v":"Napo horned frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Napo horned frog (Ceratophrys testudo) is confined to a single locality in central Ecuador (Napo province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ceratophrys testudo Andersson, 1945","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chiasmocleis centralis","v":"Bokermann's humming frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bokermann's humming frog (Chiasmocleis centralis) is known only from two localities in Goiás state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chiasmocleis centralis Bokermann, 1952","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chiromantis punctatus","v":"spotted foam-nest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotted foam-nest tree frog (Chiromantis punctatus) is known only from the southwestern foothills of the Arakan Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chiromantis punctatus (Wilkinson, Win, Thin, Lwin, Shein & Tun, 2003)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Choerophryne allisoni","v":"Allison's narrow-mouthed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Mount Sisa","e":"Allison's narrow-mouthed frog (Choerophryne allisoni) is known only from a few specimens collected on Mount Sisa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Choerophryne allisoni Richards & Burton, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chthonerpeton exile","v":"Bahia aquatic caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bahia aquatic caecilian (Chthonerpeton exile) is known only from a single (now lost) specimen collected from somewhere in eastern Brazil (Bahia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Chthonerpeton exile Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cophixalus bewaniensis","v":"Menawa rainforest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Menawa rainforest frog (Cophixalus bewaniensis) is known only from two specimens collected from Mount Menawa in the Bewani Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophixalus bewaniensis Kraus & Allison, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cophixalus montanus","v":"Halmahera rainforest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Halmahera rainforest frog (Cophixalus montanus) is known only from a small area of northern Halmahera.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophixalus montanus (Boettger, 1895)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cophixalus pulchellus","v":"pretty rainforest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pretty rainforest frog (Cophixalus pulchellus) is known only from Mount Hunstein.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophixalus pulchellus Kraus & Allison, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cophixalus tagulensis","v":"Tagula rainforest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tagula rainforest frog (Cophixalus tagulensis) is known only from three specimens and has not been reported since 1956.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophixalus tagulensis Zweifel, 1963","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cophixalus tridactylus","v":"Wondiwoi rainforest frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wondiwoi rainforest frog (Cophixalus tridactylus) is known only from the eastern slopes of the Wondiwoi Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophixalus tridactylus Günther, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cophyla cowanii","v":"Betsileo cophyline tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Betsileo cophyline tree frog (Cophyla cowanii) is known only from a few specimens collected during the nineteenth century from an undefined locality in east-central Madagascar (former Toamasina and Fianarantsoa provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophyla cowanii (Boulenger, 1882)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crotaphatrema tchabalmbaboensis","v":"Tchabal Mbabo caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tchabal Mbabo caecilian (Crotaphatrema tchabalmbaboensis) is known only from three specimens collected in 1997 from Mount Tchabal Mbabo, Cameroon (Adamawa region).","l":"dd","iucn":"Crotaphatrema tchabalmbaboensis Lawson, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendropsophus battersbyi","v":"Battersby's yellow tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Battersby's yellow tree frog (Dendropsophus battersbyi) is known only from two specimens collected in 1800 from what is now the city of Caracas, in northern Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendropsophus battersbyi (Rivero, 1961)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Duttaphrynus scorteccii","v":"Wadi al Khalili toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wadi al Khalili toad (Duttaphrynus scorteccii) appears to be confined to Wadi al Khalili, located on a high plateau near Mafhaq in western Yemen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Duttaphrynus scorteccii (Balletto & Cherchi, 1970)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ecnomiohyla thysanota","v":"Malí fringe-limbed tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Malí fringe-limbed tree frog (Ecnomiohyla thysanota) is known only from Mount Malí.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ecnomiohyla thysanota (Duellman, 1966)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Fejervarya parambikulamana","v":"Parambikulam frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Parambikulam frog (Fejervarya parambikulamana) is known only from a now-lost holotype collected from what is now the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary.","l":"ne","iucn":"Minervarya parambikulamana","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gastrotheca carinaceps","v":"San Alberto marsupial frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The San Alberto marsupial frog (Gastrotheca carinaceps) is known only from Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gastrotheca carinaceps Duellman, Trueb and Lehr, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Gegeneophis goaensis","v":"Goa caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Goa caecilian (Gegeneophis goaensis) is known only from three specimens collected in southwestern India (Goa).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gegeneophis goaensis Bhatta, Dinesh, Prashanth & Kulkarni, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gracixalus jinxiuensis","v":"Jinxiu foam-nest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Jinxiu foam-nest tree frog (Gracixalus jinxiuensis) is known only from a few widely-scattered montane localities in southern China (southeastern Yunnan, northeastern Guangxi and southern Hunan) and northern Vietnam (Mount Fan Si Pan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gracixalus jinxiuensis (Hu in Hu, Fei & Ye, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Herpele multiplicata","v":"Victoria caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Victoria caecilian (Herpele multiplicata) is known only from a now-lost type specimen collected in southwestern Cameroon in 1912.","l":"dd","iucn":"Herpele multiplicata Nieden, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyla zhaopingensis","v":"Zhaoping tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Zhaoping tree frog (Hyla zhaopingensis) is known only from a small area in south-central China (eastern Guangxi).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyla zhaopingensis Tang and Zhang, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hylarana margariana","v":"Irrawaddy golden-backed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Irrawaddy golden-backed frog (Hylarana margariana) is known only from two specimens collected in 1875 on the Myanmar / southern China border.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hylarana margariana Anderson, 1879","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hylarana persimilis","v":"Sumatran golden-backed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sumatran golden-backed frog (Hylarana persimilis) is known only from two specimens collected from northeastern Sumatra (Sumatera Utara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hylarana persimilis (van Kampen, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyloxalus betancuri","v":"Betancur's rocket frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Betancur's rocket frog (Hyloxalus betancuri) is known only from Paramillo National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyloxalus betancuri (Rivero & Serna, 1991)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Hynobius turkestanicus","v":"Turkestanian salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Turkestanian salamander (Hynobius turkestanicus) is known only from a few specimens collected in 1909 from an imprecise locality in central Asia, but thought to be somewhere in eastern Uzbekistan or southern Kyrgyzstan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hynobius turkestanicus Nikolsky, 1909","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyperolius friedemanni","v":"Friedemann's reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Friedemann's reed frog (Hyperolius friedemanni) is known only from two localities on the shores of Lake Malawi (Karonga and Monkey Bay).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius friedemanni Mercurio & Rödel, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyperolius kibarae","v":"Shaba reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Shaba reed frog (Hyperolius kibarae) is known only from the highlands of Upemba National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius kibarae Laurent, 1957","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyperolius sankuruensis","v":"Omaniundu reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Omaniundu reed frog (Hyperolius sankuruensis) is known only from swamps and marshes in south-central Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius sankuruensis Laurent, 1979","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyophis acuminatus","v":"Mae Wang Valley caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mae Wang Valley caecilian (Ichthyophis acuminatus) is known only from the Mae Wang Valley in northwestern Thailand (Chiang Mai province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis acuminatus Taylor, 1960","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyophis asplenius","v":"Mahakkam caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mahakkam caecilian (Ichthyophis asplenius) is known only from two localities in southwestern Sarawak (Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis asplenius Taylor, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyophis dulitensis","v":"Dulit caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Dulit caecilian (Ichthyophis dulitensis) is confined to Mount Dulit.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis dulitensis Taylor, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ichthyophis glandulosus","v":"Abungabung caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Abungabung caecilian (Ichthyophis glandulosus) is known only from western Mindanao and Basilan in the southern Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis glandulosus Taylor, 1923","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyophis youngorum","v":"Doi Suthep caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Doi Suthep Mountain","e":"The Doi Suthep caecilian (Ichthyophis youngorum) is known only from a handful of adult and larval specimens collected in 1957 from a small forested valley.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis youngorum Taylor, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Idiocranium russeli","v":"Makamunu Assumbo caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Makamunu Assumbo caecilian (Idiocranium russeli), one of the smallest of all caecilians, is known only from two localities in western Cameroon, but may perhaps occur more widely.","l":"dd","iucn":"Idiocranium russeli Parker, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ingerana reticulata","v":"reticulated frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The reticulated frog (Ingerana reticulata) is known only from a small area of southeastern Tibet.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ingerana reticulata (Zhao & Li, 1984)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Kalophrynus bunguranus","v":"Great Natuna sticky frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Great Natuna sticky frog (Kalophrynus bunguranus) is known only from a few specimens.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kalophrynus bunguranus (Günther, 1895)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Kalophrynus robinsoni","v":"Robinson's sticky frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Robinson's sticky frog (Kalophrynus robinsoni) is known only from Mount Tahan, where it was last reported in 1922.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kalophrynus robinsoni Smith, 1922","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Kassina wazae","v":"Waza running frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Waza running frog (Kassina wazae) is known only from a single ephemeral marsh within seasonally flooded grassland near Waza, in northern Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kassina wazae Amiet, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptodactylus lauramiriamae","v":"Laura Miriam's ditch frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The cerrado","e":"Laura Miriam's ditch frog (Leptodactylus lauramiriamae) is known only from a single cerrado enclave in south-central Brazil (Rondônia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptodactylus lauramiriamae Heyer & Crombie, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptodactylus pascoensis","v":"Heyer's ditch frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Heyer's ditch frog (Leptodactylus pascoensis) is known only from three disjunct localities in central Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptodactylus pascoensis Heyer, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptopelis bequaerti","v":"Gbanga forest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Gbanga forest tree frog (Leptopelis bequaerti) is known only from two widely-separated localities in Liberia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptopelis bequaerti Loveridge, 1941","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptopelis fenestratus","v":"Virunga forest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Virunga forest tree frog (Leptopelis fenestratus) is known only from the Semliki sector of the Virunga Mountains in Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptopelis fenestratus Laurent, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptopelis marginatus","v":"Quissange forest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Quissange forest tree frog (Leptopelis marginatus) is known only from a single (now lost) specimen collected in 1895 from Benguela province.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptopelis marginatus (Bocage, 1895)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Limnonectes khammonensis","v":"Khammouane wart frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Khammouane wart frog (Limnonectes khammonensis) is known only from the Khammouane Plateau in central Laos, near the border with Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Limnonectes khammonensis (Smith, 1929)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Limnonectes micrixalus","v":"Basilan wart frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Basilan","e":"The Basilan wart frog (Limnonectes micrixalus) is now confined to Basilan, though it may have formerly occurred on Mindanao as well.","l":"dd","iucn":"Limnonectes micrixalus (Taylor, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lithobates lemosespinali","v":"Lemos-Espinal's leopard frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre Occidental","e":"Lemos-Espinal's leopard frog (Lithobates lemosespinali) is a semi-aquatic species confined to two small areas in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental (southwestern Chihuahua).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lithobates lemosespinali (Smith & Chiszar, 2003)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Litoria biakensis","v":"Biak frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Biak frog (Litoria biakensis) is known only from two localities on Biak.","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria biakensis Günther, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Litoria quadrilineata","v":"four-lined frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The four-lined frog (Litoria quadrilineata) is known only from a small area of southern coastal New Guinea (Papua province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria quadrilineata Tyler & Parker, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lynchius flavomaculatus","v":"yellow-spotted big-headed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The yellow-spotted big-headed frog (Lynchius flavomaculatus) is known only from a few localities in southeastern Ecuador (Loja, Napo, Morona Santiago and Zamora Chinchipe provinces) and northwestern Peru (Huancabamba department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lynchius flavomaculatus (Parker, 1938)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mannophryne larandina","v":"Barbacoas poison dart frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Barbacoas poison dart frog (Mannophryne larandina) is known only from a small area of Lara state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mannophryne larandina (Yústiz, 1991)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mantidactylus ambohimitombi","v":"Ambohimitombi Madagascar frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ambohimitombi Madagascar frog (Mantidactylus ambohimitombi) is known only from a small area of montane grassland in east-central Madagascar (former Antananarivo province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mantidactylus ambohimitombi Boulenger, 1919","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Megophrys wawuensis","v":"Wawu horned frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wawu horned frog (Megophrys wawuensis) is confined to Mount Wawu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Megophrys wawuensis Fei, Jiang & Zheng, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mertensophryne nairobiensis","v":"Nairobi toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nairobi toad (Mertensophryne nairobiensis) is confined to a small area of savanna woodland in south-central Kenya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mertensophryne nairobiensis (Loveridge, 1932)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mertensophryne schmidti","v":"Schmidt's toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Schmidt's toad (Mertensophryne schmidti) is known only from Upemba National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mertensophryne schmidti (Grandison, 1972)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mimosiphonops vermiculatus","v":"worm-patterned caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The worm-patterned caecilian (Mimosiphonops vermiculatus) is known only from a few specimens collected in southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mimosiphonops vermiculatus Taylor, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nanorana feae","v":"Kakhien Hills tiny frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kakhien Hills tiny frog (Nanorana feae) is known only from the Kakhien Hills.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nanorana feae (Boulenger, 1887)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nanorana rarica","v":"Rara Lake tiny frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Rara Lake tiny frog (Nanorana rarica) is confined to a small area of northwestern Nepal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nanorana rarica (Dubois, Matsui & Ohler, 2001)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nectophrynoides frontierei","v":"Amani tree toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Amani tree toad (Nectophrynoides frontierei) is known only from the Amani Nature Reserve in the East       Usambaras.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nectophrynoides frontierei Menegon, Salvidio & Loader, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Odorrana monjerai","v":"Jerai odorous frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Jerai odorous frog (Odorrana monjerai) is confined to montane streams and their environs on Mount Jerai.","l":"dd","iucn":"Odorrana monjerai (Matsui & Jaafar, 2006)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oedipina pseudouniformis","v":"false Cienega Colorado worm salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The false Cienega Colorado worm salamander (Oedipina pseudouniformis) is confined to four widely scattered pockets of both montane and lowland forest in Costa Rica and Nicaragua.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oedipina pseudouniformis Brame, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Oedipina stuarti","v":"Stuart's worm salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Stuart's worm salamander (Oedipina stuarti) is known only from two specimens said to have originated on Tigre Island, though it is possible that they actually came from somewhere on the Honduran mainland.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oedipina stuarti Brame, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreophryne atrigularis","v":"black-throated cross frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black-throated cross frog (Oreophryne atrigularis) is known only from two disjunct localities in the region of the Vogelkop Peninsula (Papua Barat and Papua provinces, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreophryne atrigularis Günther, Richards & Iskandar, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreophrynella dendronastes","v":"Ayanganna bush toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Mount Ayanganna","e":"The Ayanganna bush toad (Oreophrynella dendronastes) is known only from the northeastern plateau of Mount Ayanganna.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreophrynella dendronastes Lathrop & MacCulloch, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oscaecilia hypereumeces","v":"Joinville caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Joinville caecilian (Oscaecilia hypereumeces) is known only from two specimens collected at a single locality in southeastern Brazil (Santa Catarina).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oscaecilia hypereumeces Taylor, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Paramesotriton maolanensis","v":"Maolan salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Maolan salamander (Paramesotriton maolanensis) is known only from a single deep pool in the Maolan National Nature Reserve in southeastern China (Guizhou), where it probably also lives in underground rivers.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paramesotriton maolanensis Gu, Chen, Tian, Li & Ran, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus","v":"Largen's puddle frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Largen's puddle frog (Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus) is known only from three scattered localities within the Ethiopian Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phrynobatrachus inexpectatus Largen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Polypedates chlorophthalmus","v":"green-eyed tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The green-eyed tree frog (Polypedates chlorophthalmus) is known only from Mount Murud.","l":"dd","iucn":"Polypedates chlorophthalmus Das, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Poyntonophrynus damaranus","v":"Damaraland pygmy toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Kaokoveld Desert","e":"The Damaraland pygmy toad (Poyntonophrynus damaranus) is confined to the Kaokoveld Desert.","l":"dd","iucn":"Poyntonophrynus damaranus (Mertens, 1954)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pristimantis turpinorum","v":"Tobago robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Tobago","e":"The Tobago robber frog (Pristimantis turpinorum) is known only from a few localities in northeastern Tobago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristimantis turpinorum (Hardy, 2001)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ptychadena filwoha","v":"hot springs ridged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The hot springs ridged frog (Ptychadena filwoha) is known only from two closely-adjacent springs and pools within the northern Rift Valley of Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ptychadena filwoha Largen, 1997","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Ptychadena wadei","v":"Wade's ridged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Wade's ridged frog (Ptychadena wadei) is known only from a small area of the Northeastern Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ptychadena wadei Largen, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhacophorus rhyssocephalus","v":"Sangir gliding tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sangir gliding tree frog (Rhacophorus rhyssocephalus) is confined to Great Sangir.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhacophorus rhyssocephalus Wolf, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scinax baumgardneri","v":"Baumgardner's snouted tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Baumgardner's snouted tree frog (Scinax baumgardneri) is known only from a few specimens collected in southern Venezuela (Amazonas state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Scinax baumgardneri (Rivero, 1961)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sclerophrys danielae","v":"Monogaga toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Monogaga toad (Sclerophrys danielae) is known only from a small area of wouthwestern coastal Ivory Coast, where it was last recorded in the late 1970s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sclerophrys danielae (Perret, 1977)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sclerophrys djohongensis","v":"Djohong toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Djohong toad (Sclerophrys djohongensis) is known only from the Adamawa Plateau in north-central Cameroon, though it may occur as well in adjacent areas of southeastern Nigeria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sclerophrys djohongensis (Hulselmans, 1977)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sclerophrys langanoensis","v":"Langano toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Langano toad (Sclerophrys langanoensis) is known only from the northern Rift Valley of Ethiopia, where it has been recorded from Lake Langano and from Awash National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sclerophrys langanoensis (Largen, Tandy & Tandy, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Sclerophrys turkanae","v":"Turkana toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Turkana toad (Sclerophrys turkanae) is known only from the southeastern shores of Lake Turkana and from near the Ewaso Ng'iro River in northern and central Kenya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sclerophrys turkanae (Tandy & Feener, 1985)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sclerophrys vittata","v":"banded toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The banded toad (Sclerophrys vittata) is a little-known species confined to marshy areas in Uganda.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sclerophrys vittata (Boulenger, 1906)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scutiger brevipes","v":"Qanning lazy toad","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Qanning lazy toad (Scutiger brevipes) is known only from Mount Qanning.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scutiger brevipes (Liu, 1950)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphaerotheca leucorhynchus","v":"Wattakole burrowing frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wattakole burrowing frog (Sphaerotheca leucorhynchus) is known only from a single (now lost) specimen collected from Karnataka in the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphaerotheca leucorhynchus (Rao, 1937)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sphenophryne rubra","v":"red land frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The red land frog (Sphenophryne rubra) is known only from a few specimens collected in east-central Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphenophryne rubra (Zweifel, 2000)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Strabomantis laticorpus","v":"Taracuna robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Taracuna robber frog (Strabomantis laticorpus) is known only from Mount Tacarcuna and Mount Malí.","l":"dd","iucn":"Strabomantis laticorpus (Myers and Lynch, 1997)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Stumpffia megsoni","v":"Megson's stump-toed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Megson's stump-toed frog (Stumpffia megsoni) is known only from a few small caves in far northern coastal Madagascar (former Antsiranana province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Stumpffia megsoni Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze & Glaw, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Telmatobius halli","v":"Hall's water frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hall's water frog (Telmatobius halli) was long known only from a few specimens collected in 1935 from a high-elevation hot spring in northern Chile (Antofagasta region).","l":"dd","iucn":"Telmatobius halli Noble, 1938","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Uperoleia orientalis","v":"Alexandria frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Alexandria frog (Uperoleia orientalis) is known only from a few specimens collected in 1940 from a swamp in north-central Northern Territory.","l":"dd","iucn":"Uperoleia orientalis (Parker, 1940)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Uraeotyphlus gansi","v":"Gans' caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Gans' caecilian (Uraeotyphlus gansi) is known only from the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Uraeotyphlus gansi Gower, Rajendran, Nussbaum & Wilkinson, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Uraeotyphlus interruptus","v":"Chengalam caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chengalam caecilian (Uraeotyphlus interruptus) is a fossorial amphibian known only from a few specimens collected from a rubber plantation in southwestern India (Kerala).","l":"dd","iucn":"Uraeotyphlus interruptus Pillai & Ravichandran, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Wakea madinika","v":"Madinika Madagascar frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Madinika Madagascar frog (Wakea madinika) is known only from specimens collected in 2001 from a temporary pond on a cacao plantation in northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Wakea madinika (Vences, Andreone, Glaw & Mattioli, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenopus ruwenzoriensis","v":"Ugandan clawed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ugandan clawed frog (Xenopus ruwenzoriensis) is known only from two localities in western Uganda.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenopus ruwenzoriensis Tymowska & Fischberg, 1973","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenorhina anorbis","v":"Star Mountains fanged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Star Mountains fanged frog (Xenorhina anorbis) is known only from two localities within the Star Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenorhina anorbis (Blum & Menzies, 1989)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aerodramus papuensis","v":"Papuan swiftlet","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Papuan swiftlet (Aerodramus papuensis) is known only from a handful of specimens collected over a wide area of northern and eastern New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aerodramus papuensis (Rand, 1941)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aerodramus whiteheadi","v":"","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Luzon","e":"The Luzon Whitehead's swiftlet (Aerodramus whiteheadi whiteheadi) is confined to the mountains of Luzon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aerodramus whiteheadi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1895)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Carpodacus sillemi","v":"Sillem's rosefinch","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Sillem's rosefinch (Carpodacus sillemi) was long known only from two specimens collected in 1929 from southern Xinjiang, China.","l":"dd","iucn":"Carpodacus sillemi (Roselaar, 1992)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Charmosyna toxopei","v":"blue-throated lorikeet","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blue-throated lorikeet (Charmosyna toxopei) is confined to Buru, where it is known only from a few specimens and rarely observed.","l":"dd","iucn":"Charmosyna toxopei (Siebers, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Chlorocichla prigoginei","v":"Prigogine's greenbul","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Albertine Rift","e":"Prigogine's greenbul (Chlorocichla prigoginei) is a type of passerine bird known only from a few high-elevation localities in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, where it is seriously threatened by habitat destruction.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chlorocichla prigoginei De Roo, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cisticola restrictus","v":"Tana River cisticola","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tana River cisticola (Cisticola restrictus) is a passerine bird known only from a small number of specimens, all collected within the lower Tana River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cisticola restrictus Traylor, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crossleyia tenebrosa","v":"dusky tetraka","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"The dusky tetraka (Crossleyia tenebrosa) is a rare type of warbler confined to eastern and northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana and Toamasina provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Crossleyia tenebrosa (Stresemann, 1925)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cypseloides storeri","v":"white-fronted swift","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The white-fronted swift (Cypseloides storeri) is an enigmatic species known only from a few specimens and sight records originating in southwestern Mexico (Guerrero, Michoacán, and Jalisco).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cypseloides storeri Navarro, Peterson, Escalante & Benitez D., 1992","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Discosura letitiae","v":"coppery thorntail","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The coppery thorntail (Discosura letitiae) is a type of hummingbird known only from two specimens collected during the mid-nineteenth century from an unknown locality in Bolivia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Discosura letitiae (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1852)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Estrilda nigriloris","v":"black-lored waxbill","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black-lored waxbill (Estrilda nigriloris) is a type of finch restricted to the area of the Lualaba River and Lake Upemba in the southern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Estrilda nigriloris Chapin, 1928","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gracula enganensis","v":"Enggano hill myna","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Enggano hill myna (Gracula enganensis) is confined to Enganno.","l":"ne","iucn":"Gracula enganensis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lewinia mirifica","v":"brown-banded rail","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Luzon","e":"The brown-banded rail (Lewinia mirifica) is known only from Luzon, where it is subjected to heavy hunting.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lewinia mirifica (Parkes & Amadon, 1959)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mirafra pulpa","v":"Friedmann's lark","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Friedmann's lark (Mirafra pulpa) is a rare species known only from a small number of specimens collected in three disjunct areas of central and southern Kenya, southwestern Ethiopia, and northeastern Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mirafra pulpa Friedmann, 1930","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Muscicapa itombwensis","v":"Itombwe flycatcher","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Itombwe flycatcher (Muscicapa itombwensis) is confined to a narrow band of montane forest within the Itombwe Mountains.","l":"ne","iucn":"Muscicapa itombwensis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oenanthe dubia","v":"sombre rockchat","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sombre rockchat (Oenanthe dubia) is a passerine bird known only from the highlands of east-central Ethiopia and northwestern Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oenanthe dubia","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pampusana norfolkensis","v":"Norfolk Island ground dove","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Norfolk Island ground dove (Pampusana norfolkensis) is known only from a single painting.","l":"ne","iucn":"Pampusana norfolkensis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhizothera dulitensis","v":"Hose's partridge","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hose's partridge (Rhizothera dulitensis) is known only from specimens collected during the nineteenth century from Mount Dulit and Mount Batu Song in Sarawak and from Mount Kinabalu in Sabah.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhizothera dulitensis Ogilvie-Grant, 1895","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tanysiptera hydrocharis","v":"little paradise kingfisher","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The little paradise kingfisher (Tanysiptera hydrocharis) is a rare species known only from a small number of localities in southern coastal New Guinea, the Aru Islands in the Moluccas, and possibly from islands in the Torres Strait.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tanysiptera hydrocharis Gray, 1858","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Turnix worcesteri","v":"Luzon buttonquail","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cordillera Central","e":"The Luzon buttonquail (Turnix worcesteri) is known only from a few localities.","l":"dd","iucn":"Turnix worcesteri McGregor, 1904","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tyto almae","v":"Seram masked owl","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Seram masked owl (Tyto almae) was first described in 2013, and known only from a couple of records.","l":"ne","iucn":"Tyto almae","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Xenoperdix obscuratus","v":"Rubeho forest partridge","c":"Aves","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Rubeho forest partridge (Xenoperdix obscuratus) is confined to the Rubeho Mountains.","l":"ne","iucn":"Xenoperdix obscuratus","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Acroteriobatus ocellatus","v":"ocellated guitarfish","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The ocellated guitarfish (Acroteriobatus ocellatus) is known only from a few specimens collected in coastal waters from southern Mozambique to southwestern South Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acroteriobatus ocellatus (Norman, 1926)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aetomylaeus asperrimus","v":"roughskin bullray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The roughskin bullray (Aetomylaeus asperrimus) is known only from the southern coast of Panama and from the Galápagos Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aetomylaeus asperrimus (Gilbert, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Amblyraja taaf","v":"whiteleg skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The whiteleg skate (Amblyraja taaf) appears to be largely confined to the waters of the Crozet and Kerguelan Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyraja taaf (Meisner, 1987)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bathyraja ishiharai","v":"abyssal skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The abyssal skate (Bathyraja ishiharai) is known only from two specimens collected at 2,300 metres depth on the Naturalist Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathyraja ishiharai Stehmann, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Brochiraja microspinifera","v":"small-spined deep-sea skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The small-spined deep-sea skate (Brochiraja microspinifera) is confined to the eastern coast of North Island, New Zealand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brochiraja microspinifera Last & McEachran, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bythaelurus alcockii","v":"Arabian catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Arabian catshark (Bythaelurus alcockii) is known only from a single (now lost) specimen collected off the coast of Pakistan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bythaelurus alcockii (Garman, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bythaelurus clevai","v":"broadhead catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The broadhead catshark (Bythaelurus clevai) is known only from a few specimens collected from deep waters off the coast of southwestern Madagascar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bythaelurus clevai (Séret, 1987)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Centrophorus westraliensis","v":"western gulper shark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The western gulper shark (Centrophorus westraliensis) is a deepwater species endemic to southwestern Australia, from Shark Bay to Cape Leeuwin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Centrophorus westraliensis White, Ebert & Compagno, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cephaloscyllium cooki","v":"Cook's swellshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Cook's swellshark (Cephaloscyllium cooki) is restricted to a small area of the Arafura Sea, where it is known only from a few specimens.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cephaloscyllium cooki Last, Séret & White, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chimaera owstoni","v":"Owston's chimaera","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Owston's chimaera (Chimaera owstoni) is known only from a few specimens collected in deep waters off eastern Honshu, Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chimaera owstoni Tanaka, 1905","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cirrhigaleus australis","v":"southern mandarin dogfish","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The southern mandarin dogfish (Cirrhigaleus australis) is known only from the coastal waters of southeastern Australia including Tasmania, and from northern New Zealand, but may perhaps be more wide-ranging.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhigaleus australis White, Last & Stevens, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cirrhoscyllium expolitum","v":"barbelthroat carpetshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South China Sea","e":"The barbelthroat carpetshark (Cirrhoscyllium expolitum) is known only from two specimens collected from the northern South China Sea and the Gulf of Tonkin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cirrhoscyllium expolitum Smith & Radcliffe, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cruriraja durbanensis","v":"smoothnose legskate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The smoothnose legskate (Cruriraja durbanensis) is known only from two specimens collected off the western coast of South Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cruriraja durbanensis (von Bonde & Swart, 1923)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dentiraja flindersi","v":"pygmy thornback skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pygmy thornback skate (Dentiraja flindersi) is known only from Investigator Strait and Backstairs Passage, off the coast of Kangaroo Island, South Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dentiraja flindersi Last & Gledhill 2008","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dipturus ecuadoriensis","v":"Ecuadorian skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ecuadorian skate (Dipturus ecuadoriensis) is known only from San Helena Bay off the coast of central Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dipturus ecuadoriensis (Beebe & Tee-Van, 1941)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dipturus queenslandicus","v":"Queensland deepwater skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Queensland deepwater skate (Dipturus queenslandicus) is known only from the Saumarez Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dipturus queenslandicus Last, White & Pogonoski, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Fenestraja maceachrani","v":"Madagascar pygmy skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Western Indo-Pacific","e":"The Madagascar pygmy skate (Fenestraja maceachrani) is known only from a few deepwater localities off northwestern Madagascar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fenestraja maceachrani (Séret, 1989)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Fenestraja sibogae","v":"Siboga pygmy skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Siboga pygmy skate (Fenestraja sibogae) is a deepwater species known only from a few specimens.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fenestraja sibogae (Weber, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gogolia filewoodi","v":"sailback houndshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Bismarck Sea","e":"The sailback houndshark (Gogolia filewoodi) is a distinctive-looking species known only from a single pregnant female taken by hand line in deep water off a river mouth in Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gogolia filewoodi Compagno, 1973","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Heterodontus omanensis","v":"Oman bullhead shark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Oman bullhead shark (Heterodontus omanensis) is known only from two localities off Pakistan and Masirah Island, Oman.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heterodontus omanensis Baldwin, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Heteronarce bentuviai","v":"Eilat sleeper ray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Eilat sleeper ray (Heteronarce bentuviai) is a rare, deepwater species known only from the Gulf of Aqaba.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heteronarce bentuviai (Baranes & Randall, 1989)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Heteronarce mollis","v":"soft electric ray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Western Indo-Pacific","e":"The soft electric ray (Heteronarce mollis) is a rare species known only from a few specimens collected from the northern Indian Ocean off Yemen, Somalia and southern India.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heteronarce mollis (Lloyd, 1907)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Insentiraja laxipella","v":"eastern looseskin skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The eastern looseskin skate (Insentiraja laxipella) is known only from a very small area off Cairns in northeastern Australia (Queensland), where it likely occurs on seamounts.","l":"dd","iucn":"Insentiraja laxipella (Yearsley & Last, 1992)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Irolita westraliensis","v":"western Australian round skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The western Australian round skate (Irolita westraliensis) is confined to a small stretch of outer continental shelf off Western Australia, where it is threatened by trawling activity.","l":"dd","iucn":"Irolita westraliensis Last & Gledhill, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leucoraja compagnoi","v":"tiger-tail rough skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The tiger-tail rough skate (Leucoraja compagnoi) is known only from a few specimens collected off the western coast of South Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leucoraja compagnoi (Stehmann, 1995)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Narcine insolita","v":"Madagascar electric ray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Madagascar electric ray (Narcine insolita) is known only from coastal southwestern Madagascar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Narcine insolita Carvalho, Séret & Compagno, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Narcine oculifera","v":"bigeye electric ray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Western Indo-Pacific","e":"The bigeye electric ray (Narcine oculifera) is known only from the Sea of Oman and the Gulf of Aden.","l":"dd","iucn":"Narcine oculifera Carvalho, Compagno & Mee, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Notoraja sapphira","v":"sapphire skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Norfolk Ridge","e":"The sapphire skate (Notoraja sapphira) is known only from the Norfolk Ridge.","l":"dd","iucn":"Notoraja sapphira Séret & Last, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Parmaturus macmillani","v":"McMillan's catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"McMillan's catshark (Parmaturus macmillani) is a small, rare and little-known species endemic to the deep waters of the lower continental slope around New Zealand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parmaturus macmillani Hardy, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Potamotrygon ocellata","v":"ocellated river stingray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The ocellated river stingray (Potamotrygon ocellata) is confined to the Amazon delta.","l":"dd","iucn":"Potamotrygon ocellata (Engelhardt, 1912)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Raja herwigi","v":"Cape Verde skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cape Verde Rise","e":"The Cape Verde skate (Raja herwigi) is apparently confined to the shelf off Boa Vista and São Vicente islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Raja herwigi Krefft, 1965","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Scymnodalatias garricki","v":"Azores dogfish","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The North Atlantic Ridge","e":"The Azores dogfish (Scymnodalatias garricki) is known only from a specimen collected from a seamount on the North Atlantic Ridge, and another collected south of the Azores.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuev & Konovalenko, 1988","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Scymnodalatias sherwoodi","v":"Sherwood's dogfish","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Sherwood's dogfish (Scymnodalatias sherwoodi) is known only from five specimens, two collected in Australian waters (southwestern Australia and Tasmania) and the other off southeastern New Zealand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scymnodalatias sherwoodi (Archey, 1921)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sinobatis caerulea","v":"blue legskate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The blue legskate (Sinobatis caerulea) is known only from a small area off the coast of Western Australia between       Dirk Hartog Island to the North West Cape.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinobatis caerulea Last & Séret, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sinobatis filicauda","v":"eastern legskate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The eastern legskate (Sinobatis filicauda) is known only from a few specimens collected from two small areas off northeastern Australia (the Queensland Plateau and part the Saumarez Plateau).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinobatis filicauda Last & Séret, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Squalus bucephalus","v":"bighead spurdog","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Norfolk Ridge","e":"The bighead spurdog (Squalus bucephalus) is a small dogfish known only from a few specimens collected around seamounts of the Norfolk Ridge off Grande Terre, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Squalus bucephalus Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Abditomys latidens","v":"Luzon broad-toothed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Luzon","e":"The Luzon broad-toothed rat (Abditomys latidens) is confined to central and northern Luzon (Laguna and Mountain provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Abditomys latidens (Sanborn, 1952)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acomys cilicicus","v":"Mersin spiny mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mersin spiny mouse (Acomys cilicicus) is known only from a small area of coastal rocky scrubland in southern Anatolia, Turkey.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acomys cilicicus Spitzenberger, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aconaemys porteri","v":"Porter's rock rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Porter's rock rat (Aconaemys porteri) is confined to a small area of south-central Chile (Araucanía, Los Ríos and Los Lagos regions) and southwestern Argentina (Neuquén and Río Negro provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Aconaemys porteri Thomas, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Aethomys silindensis","v":"Chirinda veld rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chirinda veld rat (Aethomys silindensis) is known only from three localities within the Eastern Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aethomys silindensis Roberts, 1938","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Akodon sanctipaulensis","v":"São Paulo grass mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The São Paulo grass mouse (Akodon sanctipaulensis) is known only from a few localities in São Paulo state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Akodon sanctipaulensis Hershkovitz, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Allactaga firouzi","v":"Firouz's jerboa","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Firouz's jerboa (Allactaga firouzi) is known only from a few areas of montane steppe in west-central Iran (Isfahan province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Allactaga firouzi Womochel, 1978","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Allactaga tetradactyla","v":"four-toed jerboa","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The four-toed jerboa (Allactaga tetradactyla) is a hopping rodent confined to northern coast of Egypt and Libya, where it is threatened by habitat destruction.","l":"dd","iucn":"Allactaga tetradactyla (Lichtenstein, 1823)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ammodillus imbellis","v":"Somali gerbil","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Somali gerbil (Ammodillus imbellis) is known only from a few specimens collected from Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ammodillus imbellis (de Winton, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Amphinectomys savamis","v":"Ucayali water rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ucayali water rat (Amphinectomys savamis) is a semi-aquatic species known only from two localities in eastern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Amphinectomys savamis Malygin, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anourosorex schmidi","v":"giant mole shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The giant mole shrew (Anourosorex schmidi) is known only from a few specimens collected on the southeastern slopes of the Himalayas in Bhutan and northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim).","l":"dd","iucn":"Anourosorex schmidi Petter, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Aotus jorgehernandezi","v":"Hernández-Camacho's night monkey","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hernández-Camacho's night monkey (Aotus jorgehernandezi) is a nocturnal species known only from a small area of the Cordillera Occidental in northwestern Colombia (Chocó department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Aotus jorgehernandezi Defler & Bueno, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Apomys littoralis","v":"greater lowland forest mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Located in the southeastern Philippines, Mindanao","e":"The greater lowland forest mouse (Apomys littoralis) is known only from the coastal plain of central Minadanao.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apomys littoralis (Sanborn, 1952)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Baiyankamys habbema","v":"mountain water rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The mountain water rat (Baiyankamys habbema) is known only from a small area between Lake Habbema and Mount Wilhelmina in west-central New Guinea (Papua province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Baiyankamys habbema (Tate & Archbold, 1941)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Brucepattersonius griserufescens","v":"grey-bellied akodont","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The grey-bellied akodont (Brucepattersonius griserufescens) is a type of rodent known only from a few specimens collected from southeastern Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro).","l":"dd","iucn":"Brucepattersonius griserufescens Hershkovitz, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Brucepattersonius soricinus","v":"soricine akodont","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The soricine akodont (Brucepattersonius soricinus) is a type of rodent known only from a few specimens collected over a relatively wide area of southeastern Brazil (São Paulo and Paraná).","l":"dd","iucn":"Brucepattersonius soricinus Hershkovitz, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calomyscus grandis","v":"Alborz brush-tailed mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Alborz brush-tailed mouse (Calomyscus grandis) is confined to montane forests of the Alborz Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calomyscus grandis Schlitter & Setzer, 1973","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Calomyscus tsolovi","v":"Tsolov's mouse-like hamster","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tsolov's mouse-like hamster (Calomyscus tsolovi) is known only from a small number of specimens said to have been collected in southwestern Syria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calomyscus tsolovi Peshev, 1991","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Casinycteris campomaanensis","v":"Campo-Ma'an fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Campo-Ma'an fruit bat (Casinycteris campomaanensis) is known only from two specimens collected in the vicinity of Campo-Ma'an National Park, Cameroon (South region), and a possible third in neighbouring Nigeria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Casinycteris campomaanensis Hassanin, 2014","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chaetocauda sichuanensis","v":"Sichuan dormouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sichuan dormouse (Chaetocauda sichuanensis) is known only from five specimens collected from the mountains of central China (northern Sichuan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaetocauda sichuanensis Wang, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chaetodipus dalquesti","v":"Dalquest's pocket mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Dalquest's pocket mouse (Chaetodipus dalquesti) is confined to “foggy desert” areas on the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula (Baja California Sur), where it is seriously threatened by tourism development.","l":"ne","iucn":"Chaetodipus dalquesti","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chaetodipus lineatus","v":"lined pocket gopher","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The lined pocket gopher (Chaetodipus lineatus) is confined to a small area of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaetodipus lineatus (Dalquest, 1951)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cheirogaleus grovesi","v":"Groves' dwarf lemur","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Groves' dwarf lemur (Cheirogaleus grovesi) is known only from a few specimens collected within Ranomafana and Andringitra national parks (former Toamasina, Antananarivo and Fianarantsoa provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cheirogaleus grovesi McLain, Lei, Frasier, Taylor, Bailey, Robertson, Nash, Randriamanana, Mittermeier & Louis Jr, 2017","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chiropodomys calamianensis","v":"Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Palawan","e":"The Palawan pencil-tailed tree mouse (Chiropodomys calamianensis) is confined to lowland forests on Palawan, the Calamian Islands, and Balabac.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chiropodomys calamianensis (Taylor, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chiropodomys muroides","v":"grey-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The grey-bellied pencil-tailed tree mouse (Chiropodomys muroides) is known only from a few specimens collected from Mount Kinabalu in northern Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia) and at another locality in eastern Borneo (Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Chiropodomys muroides Medway, 1965","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Chodsigoa sodalis","v":"lesser Taiwanese shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Taiwan","e":"The lesser Taiwanese shrew (Chodsigoa sodalis) is known only from five specimens collected from montane forest.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chodsigoa sodalis Thomas, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Coendou baturitensis","v":"Baturité prehensile-tailed porcupine","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Baturité prehensile-tailed porcupine (Coendou baturitensis) is a little-known species confined to the Baturité Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coendou baturitensis Feijó & Langguth, 2013","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Coendou vestitus","v":"brown prehensile-tailed porcupine","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The brown prehensile-tailed porcupine (Coendou vestitus) is known only from a few specimens collected from two localities in west-central Colombia (Cundinamarca and Tolima departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Coendou vestitus Thomas, 1899","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crocidura dhofarensis","v":"Dhofar shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Dhofar shrew (Crocidura dhofarensis) is known only from two shrubby localities in Oman and Yemen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura dhofarensis Hutterer & Harrison, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crocidura erica","v":"heather shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The heather shrew (Crocidura erica) is known only from western Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura erica Dollman, 1915","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura fischeri","v":"Fischer's shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Fischer's shrew (Crocidura fischeri) is known only from two localities in southern Kenya and northeastern Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura fischeri Pagenstecher, 1885","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crocidura grandis","v":"greater Mindanao shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The greater Mindanao shrew (Crocidura grandis) was long known only from two specimens recorded from Mount Malindang in 1906.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura grandis Miller, 1911","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura longipes","v":"savanna swamp shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The savanna swamp shrew (Crocidura longipes) is known only from two small and isolated swamps near Lake Kainji, in northwestern Nigeria (Kebbi state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura longipes Hutterer & Happold, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Crocidura mindorus","v":"Mindoro shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mindoro shrew (Crocidura mindorus) is thought to be confined to the higher elevations of Mount Halcon in north-central Mindoro.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura mindorus Miller, 1910","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura religiosa","v":"Egyptian pygmy shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Egyptian pygmy shrew (Crocidura religiosa) is known only from two specimens, one collected from the neck of the Nile delta and the other from further down the Nile.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura religiosa (I. Geoffroy, 1827)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura tarfayensis","v":"Tarfaya shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Atlantic Coastal Desert","e":"The Tarfaya shrew (Crocidura tarfayensis) is confined to southern Morocco and northern Mauritania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura tarfayensis Vesmanis & Vesmanis, 1980","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura tenuis","v":"Timor shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Timor shrew (Crocidura tenuis) is confined to Timor.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura tenuis Müller, 1840","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crocidura zimmeri","v":"Zimmer's shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Zimmer's shrew (Crocidura zimmeri) is known only from two specimens collected from Upemba National Park in 1936.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crocidura zimmeri Osgood, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cryptonanus agricolai","v":"Agricola's gracile mouse opossum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Agricola's gracile mouse opossum (Cryptonanus agricolai) is known only from very few records over a wide area of eastern Brazil.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptonanus agricolai (Moojen, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cryptonanus guahybae","v":"Guahiba gracile mouse opossum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Guahiba gracile mouse opossum (Cryptonanus guahybae) is known only from a few localities in southeastern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptonanus guahybae (Tate, 1931)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cryptotis brachyonyx","v":"Cundinamarca small-footed shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cundinamarca small-footed shrew (Cryptotis brachyonyx) is known only from four specimens collected from two localities in west-central Colombia (Cundinamarca department), the most recent record being from 1925.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptotis brachyonyx Woodman, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cryptotis hondurensis","v":"Honduran small-eared shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Honduran small-eared shrew (Cryptotis hondurensis) is known only from a small area of south-central Honduras (Francisco Morazán department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptotis hondurensis Woodman & Timm, 1992","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cryptotis peregrina","v":"Oaxacan broad-clawed shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"The Oaxacan broad-clawed shrew (Cryptotis peregrina) is known only from two localities in western Oaxaca.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptotis peregrina (Merriam, 1895)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cryptotis peruviensis","v":"Peruvian small-eared shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Peruvian small-eared shrew (Cryptotis peruviensis) is known only from two specimens collected from high-elevation elfin forest in northwestern Peru (Cajamarca department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptotis peruviensis Vivar, Pacheco & Valqui, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ctenodactylus vali","v":"Val's gundi","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Val's gundi (Ctenodactylus vali) is a type of rodent confined to two small, widely separated areas in North Africa, the first in northeastern Morocco and northwestern Algeria, and the other in northwestern Libya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ctenodactylus vali Thomas, 1902","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ctenomys knighti","v":"Knight's tuco-tuco","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Knight's tuco-tuco (Ctenomys knighti) is a type of burrowing rodent confined to a small area of montane grassland in northwestern Argentina (Catamarca and La Rioja provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ctenomys knighti Thomas, 1919","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cuscomys oblativa","v":"Machu Picchu arboreal chinchilla rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Machu Picchu arboreal chinchilla rat (Cuscomys oblativa) is a cat-sized species long known only from two skulls collected from an Inca burial site in 1912 in southeastern Peru (Cusco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cuscomys oblativa (Eaton, 1916)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dactylomys peruanus","v":"montane bamboo rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The montane bamboo rat (Dactylomys peruanus) is known only from two widely separated localities in southeastern Peru (Puno department) and western Bolivia (La Paz department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Dactylomys peruanus J.A. Allen, 1900","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dasymys foxi","v":"Fox's shaggy rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Fox's shaggy rat (Dasymys foxi) is confined to the central Jos Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dasymys foxi Thomas, 1912","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dasypus pilosus","v":"hairy long-nosed armadillo","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The hairy long-nosed armadillo (Dasypus pilosus) is known only from a few localities in western Peru (San Martín, La Libertad, Huánuco, Junín and Amazonas departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Dasypus pilosus (Fitzinger, 1856)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dendromus ruppi","v":"Rupp's climbing mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Rupp's climbing mouse (Dendromus ruppi) is known only from the Imatong Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendromus ruppi Dieterlen, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendroprionomys rousseloti","v":"velvet African climbing mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"The velvet African climbing mouse (Dendroprionomys rousseloti) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Zoological Garden of Brazzaville, in southeastern Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendroprionomys rousseloti Petter, 1966","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dicrostonyx unalascensis","v":"Umnak collared lemming","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Umnak collared lemming (Dicrostonyx unalascensis) is confined to the islands of Umnak and Unalaska.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dicrostonyx unalascensis Merriam, 1900","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Diomys crumpi","v":"Crump's mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Crump's mouse (Diomys crumpi) is known only from a few widely-separated localities in northern India (Bihar and Manipur), southern Nepal, and northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Diomys crumpi Thomas, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Diplomys caniceps","v":"arboreal soft-furred spiny rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The arboreal soft-furred spiny rat (Diplomys caniceps) is known only from a small area of the Cauca River Valley in Antioquia department.","l":"dd","iucn":"Diplomys caniceps (Günther, 1877)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dologale dybowskii","v":"Pousargues' mongoose","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Pousargues' mongoose (Dologale dybowskii) is known only from a small number of specimens collected in eastern Central Africa Republic, northern Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and southern South Sudan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dologale dybowskii (Pousargues, 1893)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dryomys laniger","v":"woolly dormouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The woolly dormouse (Dryomys laniger) is largely confined to the Taurus Mountains of southern Anatolia, Turkey, along with a few isolated localities in northeastern Anatolia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dryomys laniger Felten & Storch, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Echimys vieirai","v":"Vieira's spiny tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"Vieira's spiny tree rat (Echimys vieirai) is known only from two localities south of the Amazon River in central Brazil (Amazonas and Pará).","l":"dd","iucn":"Echimys vieirai Ximenes, Vivo & Percequillo, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Elephantulus fuscus","v":"dusky elephant shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dusky elephant shrew (Elephantulus fuscus) is known only from a handful of specimens collected from southern Zambia, Malawi, and southwestern Mozambique.","l":"dd","iucn":"Elephantulus fuscus (W.C.H. Peters, 1852)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eliurus antsingy","v":"tsingy tuft-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The tsingy tuft-tailed rat (Eliurus antsingy) is known only from a few specimens collected in disjunct areas of limestone tsingy forests and other formations in western Madagascar (former Mahajanga province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Eliurus antsingy Carleton, Goodman & Rakotondravony, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ellobius alaicus","v":"Alay mole vole","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Alay mole vole (Ellobius alaicus) is known only from a small area of high-elevation meadow steppe in the Alay Mountains, south Kyrgyzstan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ellobius alaicus Vorontsov, Liapounova <i>et al.</i>, 1969","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Epomophorus anselli","v":"Ansell's epauletted fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"“Miombo”","e":"Ansell's epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus anselli) is known only from Malawi, where it has been collected in Kasungu National Park in the 1980s, and from the Karonga area in 1961.","l":"dd","iucn":"Epomophorus anselli Bergmans & van Strien, 2004","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Epomophorus grandis","v":"lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The lesser Angolan epauletted fruit bat (Epomophorus grandis) is known only from three specimens collected in the mid-twentienth century from northeastern Angola and southwestern Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Epomophorus grandis (Sanborn, 1950)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptesicus platyops","v":"Lagos serotine bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lagos serotine bat (Eptesicus platyops) is known only from a few specimens collected in Nigeria, Senegal, and on Bioko.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptesicus platyops (O. Thomas, 1901)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Euneomys chinchilloides","v":"Patagonian chinchilla mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Patagonian chinchilla mouse (Euneomys chinchilloides) is confined to southern Argentina (Tierra del Fuego and neighbouring islands) and southern Chile (Magallanes region), where it is threatened by the overgrazing of its habitat by sheep.","l":"dd","iucn":"Euneomys chinchilloides (Waterhouse, 1839)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Falsistrellus mordax","v":"pungent pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pungent pipistrelle bat (Falsistrellus mordax) appears to be known only from nineteenth-century historical records from an undefined locality or localities on Java.","l":"dd","iucn":"Falsistrellus mordax (Peters, 1866)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Fukomys foxi","v":"Fox's mole rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Fox's mole rat (Fukomys foxi) is known only from the Jos Plateau of central Nigeria and from another locality in western Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Fukomys foxi (Thomas, 1911)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Funisciurus bayonii","v":"Lunda rope squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lunda rope squirrel (Funisciurus bayonii) is known only from southwestern Democratic Republic of Congo and northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Funisciurus bayonii (Bocage, 1890)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Funisciurus duchaillui","v":"Du Chaillu's striped squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"Du Chaillu's striped squirrel (Funisciurus duchaillui) is known only from a small area of central Gabon between the Ogooué River and Massif du Chaillu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Funisciurus duchaillui Sanborn, 1953","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Galegeeska revoilii","v":"Somali elephant shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Somali elephant shrew (Galegeeska revoilii) was historically known only from northern Somalia, where it was last recorded after 1968 and thought to be extinct.","l":"dd","iucn":"Galegeeska","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Galenomys garleppi","v":"Gerlepp's mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Gerlepp's mouse (Galenomys garleppi) is known only from a few localities across the Andean Plateau, where it was last recorded in 1975.","l":"dd","iucn":"Galenomys garleppi (Thomas, 1898)","sil":true,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Genetta poensis","v":"king genet","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The king genet (Genetta poensis) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Republic of Congo, Liberia, Ghana, Ivory Coast and the island of Bioko.","l":"dd","iucn":"Genetta poensis Waterhouse, 1838","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gerbillus acticola","v":"Berbera gerbil","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Berbera gerbil (Gerbillus acticola) is known only from a few individuals collected at various elevations in northwestern Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerbillus acticola Thomas, 1918","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Glauconycteris gleni","v":"Glen's wattled bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"Glen's wattled bat (Glauconycteris gleni) is known only from two widely-spaced localities (Cameroon and western Uganda).","l":"dd","iucn":"Glauconycteris gleni Peterson & Smith, 1973","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Glischropus javanus","v":"Javan thick-thumbed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Javan thick-thumbed bat (Glischropus javanus) is known only from a few specimens collected nearly seventy years apart on Mount Pangrango.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glischropus javanus Chasen, 1939","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Glyphonycteris behnii","v":"Behn's big-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Behn's big-eared bat (Glyphonycteris behnii) is known only from six specimens collected over a wide area of southwestern Brazil.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyphonycteris behnii (Peters, 1865)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Glyphotes simus","v":"sculptor squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The sculptor squirrel (Glyphotes simus) is confined to the mountains of northern Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Glyphotes simus Thomas, 1898","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Grammomys aridulus","v":"arid woodland thicket rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The arid woodland thicket rat (Grammomys aridulus) is known only from the Marrah Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Grammomys aridulus Thomas & Hinton, 1923","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Grammomys caniceps","v":"grey-headed thicket rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The grey-headed thicket rat (Grammomys caniceps) is confined to dry coastal shrubland in eastern Kenya and southeastern Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Grammomys caniceps Hutterer & Dieterlen, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Graomys edithae","v":"Edith's leaf-eared mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Edith's leaf-eared mouse (Graomys edithae) is confined to two areas of montane grassland in northwestern Argentina (Catamarca and La Rioja provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Graomys edithae Thomas, 1919","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Graphiurus angolensis","v":"De Winton's African dormouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"De Winton's African dormouse (Graphiurus angolensis) is known only from a few localities in Angolia and western Zambia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Graphiurus angolensis de Winton, 1897","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Graphiurus johnstoni","v":"Johnston's African dormouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Johnston's African dormouse (Graphiurus johnstoni) is confined to the savanna woodlands of southern Malawi and possibly adjacent areas of Zambia and Zimbabwe.","l":"dd","iucn":"Graphiurus johnstoni (Thomas, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hadromys yunnanensis","v":"Yunnan bush rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Yunnan Plateau","e":"The Yunnan bush rat (Hadromys yunnanensis) is known only from a small area of the Yunnan Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hadromys yunnanensis Yang & Wang, 1987","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Haeromys margarettae","v":"Margaret's ranee mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Margaret's ranee mouse (Haeromys margarettae) is known only from two old historical collections from two, widely-separated localities in northern Sabah and southwestern Sarawak.","l":"dd","iucn":"Haeromys margarettae (Thomas, 1893)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Harpiola grisea","v":"Peters' tube-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Peters' tube-nosed bat (Harpiola grisea) is known only from a small area of northern India (Uttarakhand).","l":"dd","iucn":"Harpiola grisea (Peters, 1872)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hesperoptenus doriae","v":"false serotine bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The false serotine bat (Hesperoptenus doriae) is known only from a few specimens collected in southern peninsular Malaysia and northwestern Borneo (Sarawak).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hesperoptenus doriae (Peters, 1868)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hipposideros boeadii","v":"Boeadi's roundleaf bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Boeadi's roundleaf bat (Hipposideros boeadii) is known only from a few specimens collected from Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, on the southeastern peninsula of Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tenggara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hipposideros boeadii Bates, Rossiter, Suyanto & Kingston, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hipposideros coronatus","v":"Philippine large leaf-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Philippine large leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros coronatus) is known only from a handful of specimens collected throughout the Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hipposideros coronatus (Peters, 1871)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hipposideros crumeniferus","v":"Timor leaf-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Timor leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros crumeniferus) is confined to Timor.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hipposideros crumeniferus (Lesueur & Petit, 1807)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hipposideros inexpectatus","v":"crested leaf-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Sulawesi","e":"The crested leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus) is known only from three historical collections in central and northern Sulawesi, the first two in the 1870s and the third at some time prior to 1925.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hipposideros inexpectatus Laurie & Hill, 1954","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hydromys hussoni","v":"Husson's water rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Husson's water rat (Hydromys hussoni) is known only from the Wissel Lakes area of western New Guinea (Papua province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydromys hussoni Musser & Piik, 1982","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydromys neobritannicus","v":"New Britain water rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Bismarck Archipelago","e":"The New Britain water rat (Hydromys neobritannicus) is known only from three specimens collected from New Britain during the 1930s, there there are unconfirmed reports as well from Umboi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydromys neobritannicus Tate & Archbold, 1935","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydromys ziegleri","v":"Ziegler's water rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ziegler's water rat (Hydromys ziegleri) is a semi-aquatic species known only from the southern slopes of the Prince Alexander Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydromys ziegleri Helgen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hylaeamys tatei","v":"Tate's rice rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tate's rice rat (Hylaeamys tatei) is known only from three localities in central Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hylaeamys tatei (Musser, Carleton, Brothers & Gardner, 1998)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hylomys megalotis","v":"long-eared gymnure","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The long-eared gymnure (Hylomys megalotis) is a hedgehog-like mammal known only from limestone karst forests in central Laos (Khammouane province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hylomys megalotis Jenkins & M.F. Robinson, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hylopetes bartelsi","v":"Bartels' flying squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bartels' flying squirrel (Hylopetes bartelsi) is confined to the forests of Mount Pangrango.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hylopetes bartelsi (Chasen, 1939)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsugo eisentrauti","v":"Eisentraut's pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cameroon Volcanic Line","e":"Eisentraut's pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo eisentrauti) is likely confined to the montane forests of southwestern Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsugo eisentrauti Hill, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hypsugo joffrei","v":"Joffre's pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Joffre's pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo joffrei) is known only from a few specimens collected over a wide area in northern and northwestern Myanmar, India, Nepal, and Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsugo joffrei Thomas, 1915","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyomys stolzmanni","v":"Stolzmann's crab-eating rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Stolzmann's crab-eating rat (Ichthyomys stolzmanni) is known only from a few localities spread over a wide area of Ecuador and western Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyomys stolzmanni Thomas, 1893","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Isothrix barbarabrownae","v":"Barbara Brown's brush-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Barbara Brown's brush-tailed rat (Isothrix barbarabrownae) is known only from a single cloud forest within the Manu Biosphere Reserve in southeastern Peru (Cusco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Isothrix barbarabrownae Patterson & Velazco, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Jaculus thaleri","v":"Thaler's jerboa","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Thaler's jerboa (Jaculus thaleri) is known only from two localities in the Dasht-e-Lut Desert.","l":"dd","iucn":"Jaculus thaleri Darvish & Hosseinie, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Kerivoula cuprosa","v":"copper woolly bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The copper woolly bat (Kerivoula cuprosa) is known only from a few scattered records across western and central Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kerivoula cuprosa Thomas, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Kerodon acrobata","v":"climbing rock cavy","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The cerrado","e":"The climbing rock cavy (Kerodon acrobata) is a type of rodent known only from a small area of east-central Brazil (Goiás and Tocantins).","l":"dd","iucn":"Kerodon acrobata Moojen, Locks & Langguth, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lagidium ahuacaense","v":"El Ahuaca viscacha","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The El Ahuaca viscacha (Lagidium ahuacaense) is a type of rodent confined to rocky habitats on El Ahuaca, where the total population may number only around a few dozen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lagidium ahuacaense Ledesma, Wener, Spotorno & Albuja, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lasiurus ebenus","v":"hairy-tailed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The hairy-tailed bat (Lasiurus ebenus) is known only from two specimens collected in southeastern Brazil (São Paulo).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lasiurus ebenus Fazzolari-Corrêa, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leimacomys buettneri","v":"groove-toothed forest mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The groove-toothed forest mouse (Leimacomys buettneri) is known only from two specimens collected in west-central Togo in 1890.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leimacomys buettneri Matschie, 1893","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lonchophylla chocoana","v":"Pacific coast long-tongued bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pacific coast long-tongued bat (Lonchophylla chocoana) is known only from four localities in northwestern Ecuador and southwestern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lonchophylla chocoana Dávalos, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lophostoma kalkoae","v":"Kalko's round-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kalko's round-eared bat (Lophostoma kalkoae) is known only from a single colony recorded from Soberanía National Park in central Panama (Panamá Oeste province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lophostoma kalkoae Velazco & Gardner, 2012","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lophuromys cinereus","v":"grey brush-furred rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The grey brush-furred rat (Lophuromys cinereus) is known only from a few specimens collected at high elevations in Kahuzi-Biéga National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lophuromys cinereus Dieterlen & Gelmroth, 1974","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Makalata obscura","v":"dusky armoured tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dusky armoured tree rat (Makalata obscura) is known only from its vague type description.","l":"dd","iucn":"Makalata obscura (Wagner, 1840)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Marmosa andersoni","v":"Anderson's mouse opossum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Anderson's mouse opossum (Marmosa andersoni) is known only from three localities in southern Peru (Cusco department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Marmosa andersoni Pine, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Marmosa tyleriana","v":"Tyler's mouse opossum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tyler's mouse opossum (Marmosa tyleriana) is known only from three isolated tepuis in Venezuala (Auyán, Marahuaca and Sarisariñama).","l":"dd","iucn":"Marmosa tyleriana Tate, 1931","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Marmosops cracens","v":"slim-faced slender mouse opposum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"The slim-faced slender mouse opposum (Marmosops cracens) is confined to a small area of lowland rainforest in northwestern Venezuela (Falcón state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Marmosops cracens (Handley & Gordon, 1979)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Marmosops creightoni","v":"Creighton's slender mouse opossum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Creighton's slender mouse opossum (Marmosops creightoni) is known only from a small area of western Bolivia (La Paz department), where it may be threatened by loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Marmosops creightoni Voss, Tarifa & Yensen, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Maxomys hylomyoides","v":"Sumatran mountain spiny rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sumatran mountain spiny rat (Maxomys hylomyoides) is known only from a few disjunct localities in central-western Sumatra.","l":"dd","iucn":"Maxomys hylomyoides (Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Melogale cucphuongensis","v":"Cuc Phuong ferret-badger","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cuc Phuong ferret-badger (Melogale cucphuongensis) is known only from two specimens collected from a heavily-degraded forest area in northern Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melogale cucphuongensis Nadler, Streicher, Stefen, Schwierz & Roos, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Melomys arcium","v":"Rossel mosaic-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Rossel mosaic-tailed rat (Melomys arcium) is known only from a small number of specimens collected in 1956 and 1960.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melomys arcium (Thomas, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Melomys cooperae","v":"Yamdena mosaic-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Yamdena","e":"The Yamdena mosaic-tailed rat (Melomys cooperae) is known only from its original type series collected in 1995.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melomys cooperae Kitchener in Kitchener & Maryanto, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Melomys howi","v":"Riama mosaic-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Riama","e":"The Riama mosaic-tailed rat (Melomys howi) is known only from Riama, but may perhaps occur on other islands within the Tanimbar Archipelago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melomys howi Kitchener in Kitchener & Suyanto, 1996","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Meriones zarudnyi","v":"Zarundny's jird","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Zarundny's jird (Meriones zarudnyi) is confined to semi-arid highland areas in northeastern Iran and northern Afghanistan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Meriones zarudnyi Heptner, 1937","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mesomys leniceps","v":"woolly-headed spiny tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The woolly-headed spiny tree rat (Mesomys leniceps) is known only from two small areas of montane cloud forest in northwestern Peru (Amazonas department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mesomys leniceps Thomas, 1926","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mesoplodon traversii","v":"spade-toothed beaked whale","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spade-toothed beaked whale (Mesoplodon traversii) is considered to be the rarest of the beaked whales, and was long known only from a partial jaw found washed ashore on Pitt Island, New Zealand in 1872.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mesoplodon traversii (Gray, 1874)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microhydromys argenteus","v":"southern groove-tailed moss-mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The southern groove-tailed moss-mouse (Microhydromys argenteus) is known only from three localities across a wide area of central and southeastern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microhydromys argenteus Helgen, Leary & Aplin, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microhydromys richardsoni","v":"northern groove-toothed moss-mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The northern groove-toothed moss-mouse (Microhydromys richardsoni) is known only from a small number of specimens collected over a wide area of northern New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microhydromys richardsoni Tate & Archbold, 1941","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Micronycteris buriri","v":"Burir's big-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Burir's big-eared bat (Micronycteris buriri) is known only from Saint Vincent.","l":"dd","iucn":"Micronycteris buriri Larsen, Siles, Pedersen & Kwiecinski, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microtus anatolicus","v":"Anatolian vole","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Anatolian vole (Microtus anatolicus) is confined to an isolated area of steppe in central-western Turkey (Konya province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Microtus anatolicus Kryštufek & Kefioğlu, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microtus evoronensis","v":"Evoron vole","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Evoron vole (Microtus evoronensis) is known only from a small area of far southeastern Siberia within the lower Amur River floodplains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microtus evoronensis Kovalskaya & Sokolov, 1980","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Microtus kermanensis","v":"Kerman vole","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kerman vole (Microtus kermanensis) is known only from a few specimens collected in southeastern Iran.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microtus kermanensis Roguin, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Miniopterus petersoni","v":"Peterson's long-fingered bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"Peterson's long-fingered bat (Miniopterus petersoni) appears to be restricted to the lowland rainforests of the southeast corner of Madagascar (former Toliara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Miniopterus petersoni Goodman, Bradman, Maminirina, Ryan, Christidis & Appleton, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Molossus alvarezi","v":"Yucatán mastiff bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Yucatán mastiff bat (Molossus alvarezi) is known only from the northern and eastern Yucatán Peninsula.","l":"dd","iucn":"Molossus alvarezi Gonzalez-Ruiz, Ramirez-Pulido & Arroyo-Cabrales, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mops trevori","v":"Trevor's free-tailed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Forest-savanna mosaic","e":"Trevor's free-tailed bat (Mops trevori) is known only from a few specimens collected over a very wide area of West and Central Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mops trevori J.A. Allen, 1917","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mormopterus doriae","v":"Sumatran mastiff bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sumatran mastiff bat (Mormopterus doriae) is known only from its original description in 1907 from northeastern Sumatra (Sumatera Utara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mormopterus doriae K. Andersen, 1907","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mus crociduroides","v":"Sumatran shrewlike mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sumatran shrewlike mouse (Mus crociduroides) is currently known only from high-elevation montane forest on Mount Kerinci, but may perhaps occur more widely in the Barisan Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mus crociduroides Robinson & Kloss, 1916","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Mustela russelliana","v":"Sichuan weasel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sichuan weasel (Mustela russelliana) is known only from three collection records within a small area of north-central China (Sichuan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mustela russelliana Thomas, 1911","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mylomys rex","v":"Ethiopian groove-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ethiopian groove-tailed rat (Mylomys rex) is known only from a single skin collected from the Charada Forest in central Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mylomys rex (Thomas, 1906)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myoictis wavicus","v":"Tate's three-striped dasyure","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tate's three-striped dasyure (Myoictis wavicus) is a small, carnivorous marsupial known only from a handful of specimens collected from a small area of eastern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myoictis wavicus Tate, 1947","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Myomimus setzeri","v":"Setzer's mouse-tailed dormouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Setzer's mouse-tailed dormouse (Myomimus setzeri) is known only from a few specimens collected in the mountains of eastern Turkey and northwestern Iran.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myomimus setzeri Rossolimo, 1976","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myotis anjouanensis","v":"Anjouan mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Anjouan","e":"The Anjouan mouse-eared bat (Myotis anjouanensis) is a little-known species confined to Anjouan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis anjouanensis Dorst, 1960","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myotis bucharensis","v":"Bokhara mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bokhara mouse-eared bat (Myotis bucharensis) is known only from a few specimens collected from three localities in Central Asia (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis bucharensis Kuzyakin, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myotis cobanensis","v":"Guatemalan mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Guatemalan mouse-eared bat (Myotis cobanensis) is known only from two specimens collected in the 1950s from central Guatemala (Alta Verapaz department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis cobanensis Goodwin, 1955","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myotis hermani","v":"Herman's mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Herman's mouse-eared bat (Myotis hermani) is known only from three individuals collected from the Malay Peninsula and Sabang Island north of Sumatra.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis hermani Thomas, 1923","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myotis insularum","v":"insular mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The insular mouse-eared bat (Myotis insularum) is known only from a perhaps incorrectly-labeled type specimen, said to have originated from Samoa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis insularum (Dobson, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Myotis morrisi","v":"Morris' mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Morris' mouse-eared bat (Myotis morrisi) is known only from two widely-separated localities (northeastern Nigeria and western Ethiopia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis morrisi Hill, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myotis schaubi","v":"Schaub's mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Schaub's mouse-eared bat (Myotis schaubi) is a rare species known only from a few localities within the southern Caucasus Mountains of Armenia, and from the northwestern Zagros Mountains of Iran.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis schaubi Kormos, 1934","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Neonycteris pusilla","v":"least big-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"The least big-eared bat (Neonycteris pusilla) is known only from a small area of northwestern Brazil (Amazonas), possibly extending into eastern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neonycteris pusilla Sanborn, 1949","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nesolagus netscheri","v":"Sumatran striped rabbit","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sumatran striped rabbit (Nesolagus netscheri) is confined to disjunct areas of remote montane rainforest in the Barisan Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nesolagus netscheri (Schlegel, 1880)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nycteris madagascariensis","v":"Madagascar slit-faced bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Madagascar slit-faced bat (Nycteris madagascariensis) is known only from two specimens collected in 1910, in the Irodo River Valley of northern Madagascar near Analamera (former Antsiranana province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Nycteris madagascariensis G. Grandidier, 1937","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nycteris parisii","v":"Parisi's slit-faced bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Parisi's slit-faced bat (Nycteris parisii) is known only from three specimens collected from southern Somalia, southern Ethiopia and northern Cameroon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nycteris parisii De Beaux, 1924","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nycteris vinsoni","v":"Vinson's slit-faced bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Vinson's slit-faced bat (Nycteris vinsoni) is known only from two specimens smoked out of a baobab tree in the mid 1960s in southern Mozambique.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nycteris vinsoni Dalquest, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nyctimene cyclotis","v":"round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The round-eared tube-nosed fruit bat (Nyctimene cyclotis) is known only from the Arfak Mountains and Mansuar Island in northwestern New Guinea (Papua Barat province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Nyctimene cyclotis Andersen, 1910","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nyctimene masalai","v":"demonic tube-nosed fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"New Ireland","e":"The demonic tube-nosed fruit bat (Nyctimene masalai) appears to be confined to New Ireland.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nyctimene masalai Smith & Hood, 1983","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Olallamys edax","v":"greedy Olalla rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Nevada de Mérida","e":"The greedy Olalla rat (Olallamys edax) is known only from a single high-altitude locality in Barinas state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Olallamys edax (Thomas, 1916)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Orthogeomys cuniculus","v":"Oaxacan pocket gopher","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"The Oaxacan pocket gopher (Orthogeomys cuniculus) is confined to a few localities on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec of southern Mexico (Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Orthogeomys cuniculus Elliot, 1905","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oryzorictes tetradactylus","v":"four-toed rice tenrec","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The four-toed rice tenrec (Oryzorictes tetradactylus) is a semi-fossorial species that appears to be restricted to the south-central highlands and the flank of the Eastern Escarpment (former Fianarantsoa province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oryzorictes tetradactylus Milne-Edwards & A. Grandidier, 1882","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Otomops formosus","v":"Javan mastiff bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Javan mastiff bat (Otomops formosus) is known only from four specimens collected in 1939 and in 1990 from western Java (Banten and Jawa Barat provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Otomops formosus Chasen, 1939","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","development","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Otomops papuensis","v":"Papuan mastiff bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Papuan mastiff bat (Otomops papuensis) is known only from a handful of specimens collected from two disjunct localities in southeastern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Otomops papuensis Lawrence, 1948","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Otomops secundus","v":"mantled mastiff bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The mantled mastiff bat (Otomops secundus) is known only from six specimens collected from three localities in Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Otomops secundus Hayman, 1952","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraleptomys wilhelmina","v":"short-haired water rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The short-haired water rat (Paraleptomys wilhelmina) is known only from three, widely-separated localities in the Central Highlands of New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraleptomys wilhelmina Tate & Archbold, 1941","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paramelomys steini","v":"Stein's mosaic-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Stein's mosaic-tailed rat (Paramelomys steini) is known only from six specimens collected from Mount Weyland.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paramelomys steini Rümmler, 1935","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pattonomys flavidus","v":"yellow-spotted tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The yellow-spotted tree rat (Pattonomys flavidus) is known only from two localities on Margarita Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pattonomys flavidus (Hollister, 1914)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Pattonomys occasius","v":"bare-tailed armoured tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The bare-tailed armoured tree rat (Pattonomys occasius) is known only from a few specimens collected from the western Amazon in eastern Ecuador and northern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pattonomys occasius (Thomas, 1921)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pelomys hopkinsi","v":"Hopkins' groove-toothed swamp rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hopkins' groove-toothed swamp rat (Pelomys hopkinsi) is confined to swampy areas between Lake Victoria and the Albertine Rift Valley.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pelomys hopkinsi Hayman, 1955","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Petaurillus kinlochii","v":"Selangor pygmy flying squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Selangor pygmy flying squirrel (Petaurillus kinlochii) is known only from a few specimens collected in southwestern peninsular Malaysia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Petaurillus kinlochii (Robinson & Kloss, 1911)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Philander olrogi","v":"Olrog's four-eyed opossum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Olrog's four-eyed opossum (Philander olrogi) is known only from two localities in central Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Philander olrogi Flores, Barquez & Diaz, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Phyllotis osgoodi","v":"Osgood's leaf-eared mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Osgood's leaf-eared mouse (Phyllotis osgoodi) is known only from a small area of northern Chile (Arica y Pinacota region).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phyllotis osgoodi Mann, 1945","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pipistrellus aero","v":"Heller's pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Heller's pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus aero) is known only from a few disjunct localities in central Kenya and possibly northwestern Ethiopia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pipistrellus aero Heller, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pipistrellus raceyi","v":"Racey's pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Racey's pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus raceyi) is known only from a few specimens collected at two lowland rainforest localities in the central-east and two more, lowland dry forest sites in the central-west.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pipistrellus raceyi Bates, Ratrimomanarivo, Harrison & Goodman, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pithecheir parvus","v":"Malaysian tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Malaysian tree rat (Pithecheir parvus) is confined to southern peninsular Malaysia (Pahang and Johore states).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pithecheir parvus Kloss, 1916","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Platyrrhinus aquilus","v":"Darién broad-nosed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Darién broad-nosed bat (Platyrrhinus aquilus) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Darién and Pirre ranges of eastern Panama and northwestern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Platyrrhinus aquilus (Handley & Ferris, 1972)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Plecotus balensis","v":"Ethiopian long-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ethiopian long-eared bat (Plecotus balensis) is known only from a few localities within the Ethiopian Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Plecotus balensis Kruskop & Lavrenchenko, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Plecotus christii","v":"Christie's long-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Christie's long-eared bat (Plecotus christii) is known only from a few localities in northeastern Africa, including Egypt, eastern Libya, and Sudan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Plecotus christii Gray, 1838","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pogonomys championi","v":"Champion's tree mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Champion's tree mouse (Pogonomys championi) is known only from the Telefomin and Tifalmin valleys of west-central Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pogonomys championi Flannery, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Prionomys batesi","v":"Dollman's tree mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Dollman's tree mouse (Prionomys batesi) is known only from a few specimens collected from south-central Cameroon, southwestern Central African Republic, and northwestern Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Prionomys batesi Dollman, 1910","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Proechimys mincae","v":"Minca spiny rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Minca spiny rat (Proechimys mincae) is confined to a small area of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.","l":"dd","iucn":"Proechimys mincae (J.A. Allen, 1899)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Proedromys liangshanensis","v":"Liangshan vole","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Liangshan vole (Proedromys liangshanensis) is known only from two nature reserves in southwestern Sichuan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Proedromys liangshanensis Liu, Sun, Zeng & Zhao, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudohydromys germani","v":"German's one-toothed moss-mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"German's one-toothed moss-mouse (Pseudohydromys germani) is known only from the Owen Stanley Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudohydromys germani (Helgen, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudohydromys occidentalis","v":"western moss-mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The western moss-mouse (Pseudohydromys occidentalis) is known only from two disjunct areas in the Central Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudohydromys occidentalis Tate, 1951","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudonovibos spiralis","v":"khting-vor","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The khting-vor (Pseudonovibos spiralis) is a mysterious bovid reputed to exist in Cambodia and Vietnam, and known only from a few curiously-twisted horns that may perhaps be nothing more than artificially-crafted cattle horns for use as talismans.","l":"ne","iucn":"Pseudonovibos spiralis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pteropus intermedius","v":"Myanmar flying fox","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Myanmar flying fox (Pteropus intermedius) is known only from two roosting colonies in northern peninsular Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pteropus intermedius K. Andersen, 1908","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pteropus keyensis","v":"Kai flying fox","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kai flying fox (Pteropus keyensis) is confined to the Kai Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pteropus keyensis Peters, 1867","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pteropus loochoensis","v":"Okinawa flying fox","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Okinawa flying fox (Pteropus loochoensis) is known only from three specimens of unknown provenance, but is thought to have been collected on Okinawa during the nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pteropus loochoensis Gray, 1870","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rattus arfakiensis","v":"Vogelkop mountain rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Vogelkop mountain rat (Rattus arfakiensis) is known only from specimens collected in the Arfak Nature Reserve in the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rattus arfakiensis Rümmler, 1935","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Rattus blangorum","v":"Aceh rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Aceh rat (Rattus blangorum) is known only from two specimens collected in the foothills of the Leuser Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rattus blangorum Miller, 1942","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Rattus korinchi","v":"Kerinci rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kerinci rat (Rattus korinchi) is known only from two specimens collected from Mount Kerinci and Mount Talakmau in central-western Sumatra during the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rattus korinchi (Robinson & Kloss, 1916)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rattus tawitawiensis","v":"Tawi-Tawi forest rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tawi-Tawi forest rat (Rattus tawitawiensis) is known only from three specimens collected on Tawi-Tawi in 1971.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rattus tawitawiensis Musser & Heaney, 1985","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinolophus convexus","v":"convex horseshoe bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The convex horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus convexus) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Cameron Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinolophus convexus Csorba, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhipidomys caucensis","v":"Cauca climbing mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cauca climbing mouse (Rhipidomys caucensis) is known only from twelve specimens collected over a relatively wide area of the Cordillera Occidental and Cordillera Central of northwestern Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhipidomys caucensis J.A. Allen, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhynchomys tapulao","v":"Tapulao shrew-rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tapulao shrew-rat (Rhynchomys tapulao) is known only from Mount Tapulao.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhynchomys tapulao Balete, Rickart, Rosell-Ambal, Jansa & Heaney, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rousettus linduensis","v":"Linduan rousette fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Linduan rousette fruit bat (Rousettus linduensis) is known only from four specimens collected in Lore Lindu National Park, west-central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rousettus linduensis Maryanto & Yani, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Salinomys delicatus","v":"delicate salt flat mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The delicate salt flat mouse (Salinomys delicatus) is confined to a few isolated populations in northwestern Argentina (Catamarca, La Rioja, San Juan, Mendoza and San Luis provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Salinomys delicatus Braun & Mares, 1995","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Salpingotulus michaelis","v":"Kharan pygmy jerboa","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kharan pygmy jerboa (Salpingotulus michaelis) is known only from the Kharan Desert.","l":"dd","iucn":"Salpingotulus michaelis (Fitzgibbon, 1966)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Salpingotus heptneri","v":"Heptner's pygmy jerboa","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Heptner's pygmy jerboa (Salpingotus heptneri) is confined to the Kyzylkum Desert, where it is known only from a few specimens.","l":"dd","iucn":"Salpingotus heptneri Vorontsov & Smirnov, 1969","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Salpingotus pallidus","v":"pallid pygmy jerboa","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The pallid pygmy jerboa (Salpingotus pallidus) is confined to a few localities in central and eastern Kazakhstan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Salpingotus pallidus Vorontsov & Shenbrot, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Saxatilomys paulinae","v":"Paulina's limestone rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Paulina's limestone rat (Saxatilomys paulinae) is known only from specimens collected within the Khammouane Limestone NBCA in central Laos and from north-central Vietnam (Quang Binh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Saxatilomys paulinae Musser, Smith, Robinson & Lunde, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sciurus flammifer","v":"fiery squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"The fiery squirrel (Sciurus flammifer) is confined to a small area of north-central Venezuela (Bolívar state), where it is threatened by loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sciurus flammifer Thomas, 1904","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sciurus sanborni","v":"Sanborn's squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Sanborn's squirrel (Sciurus sanborni) is known only from a few specimens collected in southeastern Peru (Madre de Dios department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sciurus sanborni Osgood, 1944","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scotophilus nucella","v":"Robbins' house bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Robbins' house bat (Scotophilus nucella) is known only from southeastern Ivory Coast, southern Ghana, western Uganda and northeastern Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scotophilus nucella Robbins, 1983","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scotophilus tandrefana","v":"western yellow bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The western yellow bat (Scotophilus tandrefana) is similarly known only from two specimens, one from near Parc National Tsingy de Bemaraha and the second at Sarodrano (former Mahajanga and Toliara provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Scotophilus tandrefana Goodman, Jenkins & Ratrimomanarivo, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Selevinia betpakdalaensis","v":"desert dormouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The desert dormouse (Selevinia betpakdalaensis) is a rare species known only from a few localities over a relatively wide area of central Kazakhstan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Selevinia betpakdalaensis Belosludov & Bazhanov, 1939","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sorex alaskanus","v":"Glacier Bay water shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Glacier Bay water shrew (Sorex alaskanus) is confined to a small area of southern coastal Alaska.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sorex alaskanus Merriam, 1900","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sorex neomexicanus","v":"New Mexico shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The New Mexico shrew (Sorex neomexicanus) appears to be confined to Capitan, Manzano and Sandia mountains in south-central New Mexico.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sorex neomexicanus Bailey, 1913","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sorex sinalis","v":"dusky shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dusky shrew (Sorex sinalis) is known only from a few mountaintop localities spread over a relatively wide area of central China (Gansu, Sichuan and Shaanxi).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sorex sinalis Thomas, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Steatomys jacksoni","v":"Jackson's fat mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Jackson's fat mouse (Steatomys jacksoni) is known only from two localities (west-central Ghana and southwestern Nigeria).","l":"dd","iucn":"Steatomys jacksoni Hayman, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stenocephalemys ruppi","v":"Rupp's mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Rupp's mouse (Stenocephalemys ruppi) is confined to the Gughe Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stenocephalemys ruppi (Van der Straeten & Dieterlen, 1983)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sturnira perla","v":"La Perla yellow-shouldered bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The La Perla yellow-shouldered bat (Sturnira perla) is known only from a small area of northwestern Ecuador, where it is threatened by loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sturnira perla Jarrin & Kunz, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sundasciurus rabori","v":"Palawan montane squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Palawan","e":"The Palawan montane squirrel (Sundasciurus rabori) is restricted to a few pockets of montane forest, where it is known from only a few specimens.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sundasciurus rabori Heaney, 1979","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Surdisorex polulus","v":"Mount Kenya mole shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mount Kenya mole shrew (Surdisorex polulus) is known only from two or three specimens collected on Mount Kenya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Surdisorex polulus Hollister, 1916","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Sylvilagus varynaensis","v":"Venezuelan lowland cottontail rabbit","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Venezuelan lowland cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus varynaensis) is known only from a few localities in northwestern Venezuela (Barinas, Portuguesa, and Guárico states).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sylvilagus varynaensis Durant & Guevara, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sylvisorex oriundus","v":"lesser forest shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"The lesser forest shrew (Sylvisorex oriundus) is known only from two localities in northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sylvisorex oriundus Hollister, 1916","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sylvisorex silvanorum","v":"Bamenda forest shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bamenda forest shrew (Sylvisorex silvanorum) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Western High Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sylvisorex silvanorum Hutterer, Riegert & Sedláček, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Syntheosciurus brochus","v":"Bang's mountain squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Isthmian Highlands","e":"Bang's mountain squirrel (Syntheosciurus brochus) is a poorly-known species confined to a few localities within the Isthmian Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Syntheosciurus brochus Bangs, 1902","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Taphozous hamiltoni","v":"Hamilton's tomb bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hamilton's tomb bat (Taphozous hamiltoni) is known only from a very few records, mainly in east-central Africa (Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, and Tanzania), with an additional report from southern Chad.","l":"dd","iucn":"Taphozous hamiltoni Thomas, 1920","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tasmacetus shepherdi","v":"Shepherd's beaked whale","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Shepherd's beaked whale (Tasmacetus shepherdi) is known only from a small number of at-sea sightings and a few dozen strandings in the temperate waters of New Zealand, Argentina, Tristan da Cunha, Australia, and the Juan Fernández Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tasmacetus shepherdi Oliver, 1937","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Thamnomys schoutedeni","v":"Schouteden's thicket rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"Schouteden's thicket rat (Thamnomys schoutedeni) is known only from two, widely-separated localities in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thamnomys schoutedeni Hatt, 1934","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Thylamys tatei","v":"Tate's fat-tailed mouse opposum","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tate's fat-tailed mouse opposum (Thylamys tatei) is confined to a few localities in the coastal deserts and shrublands of western Peru (Ancash and Lima departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Thylamys tatei (Handley, 1957)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Thyroptera lavali","v":"LaVal's disk-winged bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"LaVal's disk-winged bat (Thyroptera lavali) is known only from a few specimens collected over a relatively wide area of northwestern South America.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thyroptera lavali Pine, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tonkinomys daovantieni","v":"Daovantien's limestone rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Daovantien's limestone rat (Tonkinomys daovantieni) is known only from the Huu Lien Nature Reserve in northeastern Vietnam (Lang Son province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tonkinomys daovantieni Musser, Lunde & Son, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Toromys rhipidurus","v":"Peruvian tree rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"The Peruvian tree rat (Toromys rhipidurus) is known only from a few specimens collected from northern Peru (Loreto department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Toromys rhipidurus (Thomas, 1928)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Trinomys mirapitanga","v":"dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (Trinomys mirapitanga) is known only from a few specimens collected from two localities in coastal eastern Brazil (Bahia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Trinomys mirapitanga Lara, Patton & Hingst-Zaher, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tryphomys adustus","v":"Luzon short-nosed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Luzon","e":"The Luzon short-nosed rat (Tryphomys adustus) is confined to a few localities in central and northern Luzon (Benguet, Laguna and Tarlac provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tryphomys adustus Miller, 1910","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tupaia dorsalis","v":"striped tree shrew","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The striped tree shrew (Tupaia dorsalis) is widely distributed within the rainforests of north-central Borneo, but is still known only from a few specimens and appears to be everywhere rare.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tupaia dorsalis Schlegel, 1857","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum","v":"Kirchner's viscacha rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kirchner's viscacha rat (Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum) is known only from a small area of south-central Argentina (Chubut province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tympanoctomys kirchnerorum Teta, Pardiñas, Sauthier & Gallardo, 2014","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Uromys siebersi","v":"Great Kai giant naked-tailed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Great Kai giant naked-tailed rat (Uromys siebersi) is confined to Great Kai Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Uromys siebersi Thomas, 1923","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xeronycteris vieirai","v":"Viera's long-tonged bat","c":"Mammalia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Viera's long-tonged bat (Xeronycteris vieirai) is known only from a few localities in northeastern Brazil (Paraíba, Ceara, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Xeronycteris vieirai Gregorin & Ditchfield, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus chinensis","v":"Taiwanese hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South China Sea","e":"The Taiwanese hagfish (Eptatretus chinensis) is an eel-like species confined to the South China Sea, where it is directly harvested for food.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus chinensis Kuo & Mok, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus goliath","v":"goliath hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The goliath hagfish (Eptatretus goliath) is an eel-like species known only from Hauraki Canyon off New Zealand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus goliath Mincarone & Stewart, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus lopheliae","v":"Lophelia's hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Lophelia's hagfish (Eptatretus lopheliae) is an eel-like species known only from a few specimens collected and observed in the western Atlantic off the southeastern United States (North Carolina and South Carolina).","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus lopheliae Fernholm & Quattrini, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus minor","v":"Gulf of Mexico hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Gulf of Mexico hagfish (Eptatretus minor) is an eel-like species confined to the northern Gulf of Mexico, where it is potentially threatened by shrimp and scallop trawling.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus minor Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus strahani","v":"Strahan's hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Strahan's hagfish (Eptatretus strahani) is an eel-like species known only from seven specimens collected in the northern Philippines and along the western coast of Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus strahani McMillan & Wisner, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Myxine debueni","v":"Magellan hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Magellan hagfish (Myxine debueni) is known only from two specimens collected in the Strait of Magellan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myxine debueni Wisner & McMillan, 1995","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nemamyxine elongata","v":"bootlace hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The bootlace hagfish (Nemamyxine elongata) is a freshwater and marine species known only from two museum specimens collected from New Zealand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nemamyxine elongata Richardson, 1958","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Notomyxine tridentiger","v":"Argentine hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Argentine hagfish (Notomyxine tridentiger) is confined to the southern coast of South America from eastern Argentina to southern Chile, where it was last recorded in 1968.","l":"dd","iucn":"Notomyxine tridentiger (Garman, 1899)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Abronia reidi","v":"Reid's arboreal alligator lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Reid's arboreal alligator lizard (Abronia reidi) is known only from a couple of specimens collected from San Martín Tuxtlas Volcano.","l":"dd","iucn":"Abronia reidi Werler & Shannon, 1961","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acanthodactylus boueti","v":"Bouet's spiny-toed lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bouet's spiny-toed lizard (Acanthodactylus boueti) is known only from a few specimens collected over a relatively wide area of West Africa (southwestern Ghana, northern Togo, central Benin, and west-central Nigeria).","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthodactylus boueti Chabanaud, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acutotyphlops kunuaensis","v":"Kunua blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kunua blind snake (Acutotyphlops kunuaensis) is a little-known fossorial species confined to lowland forests.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acutotyphlops kunuaensis Wallach, 1995","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Adelophis foxi","v":"Fox's mountain meadow snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Fox's mountain meadow snake (Adelophis foxi) is known only from a small area of relictural montane pine forest in southwestern Durango, where it was last collected in 1981.","l":"dd","iucn":"Adelophis foxi Rossman & Blaney, 1968","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aeluroglena cucullata","v":"Somali snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Somali snake (Aeluroglena cucullata) is known only from five specimens collected from northern Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aeluroglena cucullata Boulenger, 1898","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Afrotyphlops rondoensis","v":"Rondo worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Rondo worm snake (Afrotyphlops rondoensis) is confined to the Rondo and Makonde plateaus of extreme southeastern Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Afrotyphlops rondoensis (Loveridge, 1942)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Alopoglossus romaleos","v":"Romaleo's largescale lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Romaleo's largescale lizard (Alopoglossus romaleos) is known only from a small area of Magdalena department.","l":"dd","iucn":"Alopoglossus romaleos (Harris, 1994)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anadia petersi","v":"Peters' anadia","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Peters' anadia (Anadia petersi) is a type of lizard known only from a single ill-defined locality in southern Ecuador (Loja province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Anadia petersi Oftedal, 1974","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ancylocranium ionidesi","v":"Kilwa sharp-snouted worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The East African coastal forests","e":"The Kilwa sharp-snouted worm lizard (Ancylocranium ionidesi) is known only from a few localities in southeastern Tanzania, including the Litipo Forest Reserve.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ancylocranium ionidesi Loveridge, 1955","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Anisolepis undulatus","v":"Wiegmann's tree lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Wiegmann's tree lizard (Anisolepis undulatus) is a little-known species confined to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay and northeastern Argentina.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anisolepis undulatus (Wiegmann, 1834)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Anolis cymbops","v":"Cope's anole","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"Cope's anole (Anolis cymbops) is known only from from its original collection in the 1860s from central Veracruz.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis cymbops Cope, 1864","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anolis santamartae","v":"Santa Marta anole","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Santa Marta anole (Anolis santamartae) is known only from two localities in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis santamartae Williams, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anolis simmonsi","v":"Simmons' anole","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"Simmons' anole (Anolis simmonsi) is a type of lizard confined to a small area of southwestern Mexico (Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Anolis simmonsi Holman, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anomalepis flavapices","v":"Ecuadorian blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ecuadorian blind snake (Anomalepis flavapices) is known only from two specimens collected in northwestern Ecuador (Esmeraldas and Menabí provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Anomalepis flavapices Peters, 1957","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anomochilus monticola","v":"Kinabalu giant blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kinabalu giant blind snake (Anomochilus monticola) is known only from three specimens collected on Mount Kinabalu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anomochilus monticola Das, Lakim, Lim & Hui, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Antillotyphlops catapontus","v":"Anegada blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Anegada blind snake (Antillotyphlops catapontus) is confined to Anegada.","l":"dd","iucn":"Antillotyphlops catapontus (Thomas, 1966)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Apostolepis dorbignyi","v":"Bolivian burrowing snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bolivian burrowing snake (Apostolepis dorbignyi) is known only from two specimens collected during the early nineteenth century from southern Bolivia (Tarija department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Apostolepis dorbignyi (Schlegel, 1837)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Apostolepis tenuis","v":"Ruthven's burrowing snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"Ruthven's burrowing snake (Apostolepis tenuis) is known only from two specimens collected during the early twentieth century from central and northwestern Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Apostolepis tenuis Ruthven, 1927","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Argyrophis hypsobothrius","v":"Sumatran worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sumatran worm snake (Argyrophis hypsobothrius) is known only from two specimens collected from an unknown locality in Sumatra.","l":"dd","iucn":"Argyrophis hypsobothrius (Werner, 1917)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Argyrophis koshunensis","v":"Koshun worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Taiwan","e":"The Koshun worm snake (Argyrophis koshunensis) is known only from a few specimens collected in the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Argyrophis koshunensis (Oshima, 1916)","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Argyrophis oatesii","v":"Oates' blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Oates' blind snake (Argyrophis oatesii) is known only from tiny, uninhabited Table Island in the Coco Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Argyrophis oatesii (Boulenger, 1890)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Aspidoscelis opatae","v":"Opata whiptail lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Opata whiptail lizard (Aspidoscelis opatae) is confined to a small area of northwestern Sonora.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aspidoscelis opatae (Wright, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus favae","v":"Filippi's ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"Filippi's ground snake (Atractus favae) is known only from nineteenth-century records originating from somewhere in northern Guyana and Suriname.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus favae (Filippi, 1840)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bachia pallidiceps","v":"Cope's bachia","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Cope's bachia (Bachia pallidiceps) is a type of lizard known only from a few localities in eastern Panama (Darién province) and western Colombia (Chocó department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Bachia pallidiceps (Cope, 1862)","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Baikia africana","v":"Mokwa worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mokwa worm lizard (Baikia africana) is known only from a few specimens collected from a single locality in western Nigeria (Niger state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Baikia africana Gray, 1865","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Barisia levicollis","v":"Stejneger's alligator lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Stejneger's alligator lizard (Barisia levicollis) is known only from northern Mexico (Chihuahua).","l":"dd","iucn":"Barisia levicollis Stejneger, 1890","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Blaesodactylus ambonihazo","v":"Ambonihazo velvet gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ambonihazo velvet gecko (Blaesodactylus ambonihazo) is known only from a few specimens collected from Ankarafantsika National Park in northwestern Madagsacar (former Mahajanga province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Blaesodactylus ambonihazo Bauer, Glaw, Gehring & Vences, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Boiga bengkuluensis","v":"Bengkulu cat snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bengkulu cat snake (Boiga bengkuluensis) is known only from isolated records in southern peninsular Thailand and Sumatra.","l":"dd","iucn":"Boiga bengkuluensis Orlov, Kudryavtzev, Ryabov & Shumakov, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Boiga ranawanei","v":"Ranawane's cat snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ranawane's cat snake (Boiga ranawanei) is known only from two localities in central Sri Lanka (Central province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Boiga ranawanei Samarawickrama, Samarawickrama, Wijesena & Orlov, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Boiga wallachi","v":"Nicobar cat snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nicobar cat snake (Boiga wallachi) is confined to Great Nicobar and Little Nicobar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Boiga wallachi Das, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Brachyseps mandady","v":"Mandady skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"The Mandady skink (Brachyseps mandady) is known only from the Masoala Peninsula in northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province), where it is threatened by loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brachyseps mandady (Andreone & Greer, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bradypodion caffer","v":"Transkei dwarf chameleon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Transkei dwarf chameleon (Bradypodion caffer) is confined to a small area of coastal forest in Eastern Cape province.","l":"ne","iucn":"Bradypodion caffer","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Brookesia lambertoni","v":"Lamberton's leaf chameleon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Lamberton's leaf chameleon (Brookesia lambertoni) is known only from a small area of central-eastern Madagascar (former Toamasina province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Brookesia lambertoni Brygoo & Domergue, 1970","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bunopus crassicauda","v":"thick-tailed rock gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The thick-tailed rock gecko (Bunopus crassicauda) is known only from a few specimens collected from the northwestern part of the Central Plateau in Iran, although it may perhaps occur as well in northeastern Syria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bunopus crassicauda Nikolsky, 1907","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria abramovi","v":"Abramov's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Abramov's reed snake (Calamaria abramovi) is known only from two specimens collected from Mount Ngoc Linh.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria abramovi Orlov, 2009","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Calamaria abstrusa","v":"Nias reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nias reed snake (Calamaria abstrusa) is known only from a few specimens collected from Nias.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria abstrusa Inger & Marx, 1965","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Calamaria forcarti","v":"Forcart's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Forcart's reed snake (Calamaria forcarti) is known only from four specimens collected from two, widely-separated localities (northeastern Sumatra and the island of Nias).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria forcarti Inger & Marx, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria javanica","v":"Belitung reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Belitung reed snake (Calamaria javanica) is known only from three specimens collected in 1891 on Belitung, and one other of doubtful provenance (“Java”).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria javanica Boulenger, 1891","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Calamaria lateralis","v":"white-striped reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The white-striped reed snake (Calamaria lateralis) is known only from two specimens collected from Mount Kinabalu in the late nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria lateralis Mocquard, 1890","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria lautensis","v":"Cocos Islands reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cocos Islands reed snake (Calamaria lautensis) is known only from three specimens collected on Cocos Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria lautensis De Rooij, 1917","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Calamaria ulmeri","v":"Ulmer's reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ulmer's reed snake (Calamaria ulmeri) is known only from two specimens collected during the mid-twentieth century from northern Sumatra (Aceh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria ulmeri Sackett, 1940","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria yunnanensis","v":"Wuliang reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wuliang reed snake (Calamaria yunnanensis) is known only from a few specimens collected from Wuliang       Mountain.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria yunnanensis Chernov, 1962","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Caledoniscincus terma","v":"Mandjélia litter skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mandjélia litter skink (Caledoniscincus terma) is confined to Mount Mandjélia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Caledoniscincus terma Sadlier, Bauer & Colgan, 1999","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Calliophis beddomei","v":"Beddome's coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Beddome's coral snake (Calliophis beddomei) is known only from a few specimens collected from three mid-elevation localities in southern India (Karnataka and Tamil Nadu).","l":"dd","iucn":"Calliophis beddomei Smith, 1943","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calliophis gracilis","v":"spotted coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotted coral snake (Calliophis gracilis) is known only from a few historical collections in east-central Sumatra, the southern Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and Penang Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calliophis gracilis Gray, 1835","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Celestus adercus","v":"Isthmian-Atlantic galliwasp","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Isthmian-Atlantic galliwasp (Celestus adercus) is a type of lizard known only from two specimens collected in west-central Panama (Coclé and Colón provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Celestus adercus Savage, Lips & Ibanez, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Celestus ingridae","v":"Santa Marta galliwasp","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Santa Marta galliwasp (Celestus ingridae) is a type of lizard known only from the slopes of Santa Marta Volcano.","l":"dd","iucn":"Celestus ingridae (Werler & Campbell, 2004)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cerrophidion petlalcalensis","v":"Petlalcala montane pit viper","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Petlalcala montane pit viper (Cerrophidion petlalcalensis) is known only from Cerro Petlalcala in western Veracruz.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cerrophidion petlalcalensis López-Luna, Vogt & de la Torre-Loranca, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chalcides simonyi","v":"Simony's cylindrical skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Simony's cylindrical skink (Chalcides simonyi) is confined to Fuerteventura, Lanzarote and Lobos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chalcides simonyi Steindachner, 1891","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chamaeleo necasi","v":"Necas' chameleon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Necas' chameleon (Chamaeleo necasi) is known only from a few localities in southwestern Togo and southern Benin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chamaeleo necasi Ullenbruch, Krause & Böhme, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chirindia mpwapwaensis","v":"Mpwapwa worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mpwapwa worm lizard (Chirindia mpwapwaensis) is known only from two specimens collected in east-central Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chirindia mpwapwaensis (Loveridge, 1932)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cnemaspis flavolineata","v":"Fraser's Hill day gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Fraser's Hill day gecko (Cnemaspis flavolineata) is known only from three specimens collected from Fraser's Hill.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cnemaspis flavolineata (Nicholls, 1949)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cnemaspis gigas","v":"giant day gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The giant day gecko (Cnemaspis gigas) is confined to the Jos Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cnemaspis gigas Perret, 1986","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cnemaspis jacobsoni","v":"Jacobson's day gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Jacobson's day gecko (Cnemaspis jacobsoni) is known only from a few specimens collected on Simeulue.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cnemaspis jacobsoni Das, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cnemaspis petrodroma","v":"Ondo Forest day gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ondo Forest day gecko (Cnemaspis petrodroma) is confined to Idanre Hill.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cnemaspis petrodroma Perret, 1986","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Colubroelaps nguyenvansangi","v":"Nguyenvansang's snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Nguyenvansang's snake (Colubroelaps nguyenvansangi) is known only from two specimens collected in southern Vietnam (Binh Phuoc and Lam Dong provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Colubroelaps nguyenvansangi Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Nguyen & Nguyen, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Coniophanes alvarezi","v":"Chiapan stripeless snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chiapan stripeless snake (Coniophanes alvarezi) is known only from a few specimens collected in a small area of west-central Chiapas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coniophanes alvarezi Campbell, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Coniophanes joanae","v":"Joana's black-striped snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Joana's black-striped snake (Coniophanes joanae) is known only from two, widely-separated localities in central and southern Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coniophanes joanae Myers, 1966","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Coniophanes melanocephalus","v":"black-headed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black-headed snake (Coniophanes melanocephalus) is known only from two specimens collected in Morelos and Puebla.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coniophanes melanocephalus (Peters, 1869)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Coniophanes sarae","v":"Sara's striped snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"Sara's striped snake (Coniophanes sarae) is known only from two specimens collected in southern Michoacán.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coniophanes sarae Ponce-Campos & Smith, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cophoscincopus senegalensis","v":"Fouta Djallon aquatic skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Fouta Djallon aquatic skink (Cophoscincopus senegalensis) is known only from small, fast-flowing streams in the Fouta Djallon Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cophoscincopus senegalensis Trape, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cordylus ukingensis","v":"Ukinga girdled lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ukinga girdled lizard (Cordylus ukingensis) is known only from two montane grassland localities in south-central Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cordylus ukingensis (Loveridge, 1932)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Crotalus tancitarensis","v":"Tancítaro rattlesnake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tancítaro rattlesnake (Crotalus tancitarensis) is known only from three specimens collected on Tancítaro Volcano, the first in 1941 and two more in 2002.","l":"dd","iucn":"Crotalus tancitarensis Alvarado-Diaz & Campbell, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cryptoblepharus richardsi","v":"Richards' snake-eyed skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Richards' snake-eyed skink (Cryptoblepharus richardsi) is known only from Misima.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptoblepharus richardsi Horner, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cryptoblepharus xenikos","v":"Fly River snake-eyed skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Fly River snake-eyed skink (Cryptoblepharus xenikos) is known only from a few specimens collected from two savanna localities in southwestern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryptoblepharus xenikos Horner, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ctenosaura praeocularis","v":"southern Honduran spiny-tailed iguana","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The southern Honduran spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura praeocularis) is confined to a small area of southern Honduras (Francisco Morazán and Choluteca departments), where it lives in a wide range of habitats and altitudes.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ctenosaura praeocularis Hasbún & Köhler, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cubatyphlops paradoxus","v":"Great Inagua slender blindsnake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Great Inagua slender blindsnake (Cubatyphlops paradoxus) is known only from two specimens collected on Great Inagua in 1967.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cubatyphlops paradoxus (Thomas, 1968)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cylindrophis aruensis","v":"Boulenger's cylinder snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Boulenger's cylinder snake (Cylindrophis aruensis) is known only from the Aru Islands and Damar in the Barat Daya Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cylindrophis aruensis Boulenger, 1920","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cynisca senegalensis","v":"Senegal worm lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Senegal worm lizard (Cynisca senegalensis) is known only from Niokolo-Koba National Park in southeastern Senegal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cynisca senegalensis Gans, 1987","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Cyrtodactylus aaroni","v":"Aaron's bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Aaron's bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus aaroni) is known only from three localities within the Vogelkop Peninsula (Papua Barat province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyrtodactylus aaroni Günther & Rösler, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyrtodactylus arcanus","v":"Bundi bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bundi bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus arcanus) is known only from a small area of eastern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyrtodactylus arcanus Oliver, Richards & Sistrom, 2012","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyrtodactylus feae","v":"Fea's bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Fea's bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus feae) appears to be confined to the mountains of southeastern Myanmar and possibly adjacent northwestern Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyrtodactylus feae (Boulenger, 1893)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cyrtodactylus irianjayaensis","v":"Salawati bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Salawati","e":"The Salawati bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus irianjayaensis) is known only from lowland forests on Salawati.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyrtodactylus irianjayaensis Rösler, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyrtodactylus minor","v":"Finisterre bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Finisterre bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus minor) is known only from three specimens collected in the foothills at the northern edge of the Finisterre Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyrtodactylus minor Oliver & Richards, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyrtopodion gastrophole","v":"Werner's spider gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Werner's spider gecko (Cyrtopodion gastrophole) is known only from two localities in southwestern Iran (Fars province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyrtopodion gastrophole (Werner, 1917)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Darevskia steineri","v":"Steiner's wall lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Steiner's wall lizard (Darevskia steineri) is known only from a small area of the Kopet Dag Mountains in northeastern Iran.","l":"dd","iucn":"Darevskia steineri (Eiselt, 1995)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendrelaphis chairecacos","v":"Karnataka bronzeback tree snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Karnataka bronzeback tree snake (Dendrelaphis chairecacos) is known only from a few specimens collected from two widely-separated localities within the Western Ghats (Karnataka and Kerala).","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrelaphis chairecacos (Boie, 1827)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dendrelaphis hollinrakei","v":"Hollinrake's bronzeback tree snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Hollinrake's bronzeback tree snake (Dendrelaphis hollinrakei) is confined to Shek Kwu Chau, a small island located west of Hong Kong.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrelaphis hollinrakei Lazell, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendrelaphis papuensis","v":"Trobriand bronzeback tree snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Trobriand Islands","e":"The Trobriand bronzeback tree snake (Dendrelaphis papuensis) is known only from historical specimens with an unclear distribution within the Trobriand Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrelaphis papuensis Boulenger, 1895","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dendrelaphis underwoodi","v":"Underwood's bronzeback tree snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Underwood's bronzeback tree snake (Dendrelaphis underwoodi) is known only from three specimens collected from plantations in western Java (Jawa Barat province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrelaphis underwoodi van Rooijen & Vogel, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Denisonia maculata","v":"ornamental snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The ornamental snake (Denisonia maculata) is a small venomous species confined to ephemeral wetland areas of central-eastern Queensland.","l":"dd","iucn":"Denisonia maculata (Steindachner, 1867)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dibamus smithi","v":"Smith's blind skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Smith's blind skink (Dibamus smithi) is known only from two localities in southern Vietnam (Lam Dong and Khanh Hoa provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Dibamus smithi Greer, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Djokoiskandarus annulata","v":"banded water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The banded water snake (Djokoiskandarus annulata) is known only from a few localities along the south-central coast of New Guinea and its satellite islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Djokoiskandarus annulata (de Jong, 1926)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought"],"pa":false},{"n":"Echis jogeri","v":"Joger's saw-scaled viper","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Joger's saw-scaled viper (Echis jogeri) is confined to southeastern Senegal and southwestern Mali.","l":"dd","iucn":"Echis jogeri Cherlin, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Elapsoidea chelazzii","v":"Chelazzi's garter snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Chelazzi's garter snake (Elapsoidea chelazzii) is known only from a small area of dry open woodland in southern Somalia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Elapsoidea chelazzii Lanza, 1979","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Emoia mivarti","v":"Admiralty five-striped emo skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Manus","e":"The Admiralty five-striped emo skink (Emoia mivarti) is confined to Manus and perhaps a few nearby islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Emoia mivarti (Boulenger, 1887)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Emoia paniai","v":"Wissel Lakes emo skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Wissel Lakes emo skink (Emoia paniai) is confined to an area of the Central Highlands in western New Guinea (Papua Barat province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Emoia paniai Brown, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Emys trinacris","v":"Sicilian pond turtle","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sicilian pond turtle (Emys trinacris) is confined to the remaining wetlands of Sicily, where it appears to be relatively abundant.","l":"dd","iucn":"Emys trinacris Fritz, Fattizzo, Guicking, Tripepi, Pennisi, Lenk, Joger & Wink, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enhydris chanardi","v":"Chanard's water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The lower Chao Phraya River","e":"Chanard's water snake (Enhydris chanardi) is known only from the Chao Phraya freshwater swamp forest in central Thailand, where it is threatened by expansion of the city of Bangkok.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enhydris chanardi Murphy & Voris, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enhydris innominata","v":"Tay Minh water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tay Minh water snake (Enhydris innominata) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Mekong River drainage of southern Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enhydris innominata (Morice, 1875)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eutropis gansi","v":"Gans' supple skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Gans' supple skink (Eutropis gansi) is known only from the Kalakkad-Mundunthurai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eutropis gansi Das, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eutropis innotata","v":"Blanford's supple skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Blanford's supple skink (Eutropis innotata) is known only from a few, mostly historical records in east-central India (Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh).","l":"dd","iucn":"Eutropis innotata (Blanford, 1870)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ficimia variegata","v":"Tehuantepec hook-nosed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tehuantepec hook-nosed snake (Ficimia variegata) is confined to a small area of lowland rainforest in southern Mexico on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Veracruz and Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ficimia variegata (Günther, 1858)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Flexiseps andranovahensis","v":"Andranovaho skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Andranovaho skink (Flexiseps andranovahensis) is known only from three, widely-separated localities in coastal southwestern Madagascar (former Toliara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Flexiseps andranovahensis (Angel, 1933)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Flexiseps stylus","v":"Masoala skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"The Masoala skink (Flexiseps stylus) is known only from the Masoala Peninsula in northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province), where it is threatened by loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Flexiseps stylus (Andreone & Greer, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Geagras redimitus","v":"Tehuantepec striped snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"The Tehuantepec striped snake (Geagras redimitus) is confined to a small area of southern Mexico on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Geagras redimitus Cope, 1876","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gehyra leopoldi","v":"Leopold's dtella","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Leopold's dtella (Gehyra leopoldi) is a type of gecko known only from two localities on the Vogelkop Peninsula of western New Guinea (Papua Barat province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gehyra leopoldi Brongersma, 1930","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis betaniensis","v":"Betanien earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Betanien earth snake (Geophis betaniensis) is known only from two specimens collected from a single locality in west-central Colombia (Valle del Cauca department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis betaniensis Restrepo & Wright, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Geophis chalybeus","v":"Cerro Aquila earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"The Cerro Aquila earth snake (Geophis chalybeus) is known only from two specimens collected during the nineteenth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis chalybeus (Wagler, 1830)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Geophis isthmicus","v":"Tehuantepec earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"The Tehuantepec earth snake (Geophis isthmicus) is known only from an indefinite type locality in southern Mexico on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Geophis isthmicus (Boulenger, 1883)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Geoscincus haraldmeieri","v":"Coula earth skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Coula earth skink (Geoscincus haraldmeieri) is known only from two specimens collected in the 1970s from central Grande Terre.","l":"dd","iucn":"Geoscincus haraldmeieri (Böhme, 1976)","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gerrhopilus floweri","v":"Flower's worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Flower's worm snake (Gerrhopilus floweri) is known only from fruit plantations near the city of Bangkok, central Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerrhopilus floweri (Boulenger, 1899)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gerrhopilus oligolepis","v":"few-scaled worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The few-scaled worm snake (Gerrhopilus oligolepis) is known only from a small area of northeastern India (Sikkim and West Bengal).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerrhopilus oligolepis (Wall, 1909)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gerrhopilus thurstoni","v":"Thurston's worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Thurston's worm snake (Gerrhopilus thurstoni) is known only from three historical collections during the nineteeth century within the Western Ghats (Kerala and Tamil Nadu).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerrhopilus thurstoni (Boettger, 1890)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gerrhopilus tindalli","v":"Tindall's worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Tindall's worm snake (Gerrhopilus tindalli) is known only from two specimens collected in the 1940s from Kerala.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerrhopilus tindalli (Smith, 1943)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Gloydius monticola","v":"Lijiang pit viper","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lijiang pit viper (Gloydius monticola) is confined to the mountains of southern China (northwestern Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Gloydius monticola (Werner, 1922)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hebius chapaensis","v":"Chapa flat-nosed keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Chapa flat-nosed keelback (Hebius chapaensis) is known only from a small area of montane forest in northern Vietnam, where it was last reported in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hebius chapaensis (Bourret, 1934)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hebius groundwateri","v":"Groundwater's keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Groundwater's keelback (Hebius groundwateri) is a type of snake confined to a small area of peninsular Thailand (Ranong and Chumphon provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hebius groundwateri (Smith, 1922)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemidactylus lemurinus","v":"Dhofar house gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Dhofar house gecko (Hemidactylus lemurinus) is confined to a few areas of southern Yemen and Oman, where it inhabits the bottoms of wadis.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemidactylus lemurinus Arnold, 1980","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemidactylus modestus","v":"Günther's house gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The East African coastal forests","e":"Günther's house gecko (Hemidactylus modestus) is known only from a few coastal forest fragments in southeastern Kenya, where it has not been recorded in several decades.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemidactylus modestus (Günther, 1894)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hemidactylus tanganicus","v":"Dutumi house gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Dutumi house gecko (Hemidactylus tanganicus) is known only from two localities in Tanzania (Dutumi and Mkomazi national parks).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemidactylus tanganicus Loveridge, 1929","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hydraethiops laevis","v":"ocellated water snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The ocellated water snake (Hydraethiops laevis) is known only from a few specimens collected in Cameroon and Gabon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydraethiops laevis Boulenger, 1904","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hydrophis laboutei","v":"Laboute's sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Laboute's sea snake (Hydrophis laboutei) is known only from a few specimens collected from the Chesterfield Reefs.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrophis laboutei Rasmussen & Ineich, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydrophis mamillaris","v":"broad-banded sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Western Indo-Pacific","e":"The broad-banded sea snake (Hydrophis mamillaris) is known only from a few specimens collected along the coasts of Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka, the last in 1926.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrophis mamillaris (Daudin, 1803)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hydrophis parviceps","v":"Smith's small-headed sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The South China Sea","e":"Smith's small-headed sea snake (Hydrophis parviceps) was long known only from two specimens collected within a small area of the southern Vietnamese coast in 1935 and 1960.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrophis parviceps Smith, 1935","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydrophis sibauensis","v":"Kalimantan sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kalimantan sea snake (Hydrophis sibauensis) is known only from three specimens collected within a swampy area of the Sibau River, more than 1,000 kilometres upriver from the coast.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrophis sibauensis Rasmussen, Auliya & Böhme, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydrophis vorisi","v":"estuarine sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The estuarine sea snake (Hydrophis vorisi) is known only from two specimens collected from the Torres Strait between southern New Guinea and northern Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrophis vorisi Kharin, 1984","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsiglena tanzeri","v":"Rio Verde nightsnake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Rio Verde nightsnake (Hypsiglena tanzeri) is known only from three specimens collected from the mountains of northeastern Mexico (Querétaro and San Luis Potosí).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsiglena tanzeri Dixon & Lieb, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hypsilurus bruijnii","v":"Arfak forest dragon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Arfak forest dragon (Hypsilurus bruijnii) is confined to the Arfak Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsilurus bruijnii (Peters & Doria, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsilurus godeffroyi","v":"Palau forest dragon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Anguar","e":"The Palau forest dragon (Hypsilurus godeffroyi) is known only from two specimens of uncertain provenence collected in 1867.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsilurus godeffroyi (Peters, 1867)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hypsilurus ornatus","v":"Bosavi forest dragon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Mount Bosavi","e":"The Bosavi forest dragon (Hypsilurus ornatus) is a type of lizard known only from Mount Bosavi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsilurus ornatus Manthey & Denzer, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Indotyphlops meszoelyi","v":"Darjeeling blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Darjeeling blind snake (Indotyphlops meszoelyi) is known only from single specimen collected in northeastern India (West Bengal).","l":"dd","iucn":"Indotyphlops meszoelyi (Wallach, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Indotyphlops tenuicollis","v":"Samagutin worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Samagutin worm snake (Indotyphlops tenuicollis) is known only from three specimens collected in the Naga Hills.","l":"dd","iucn":"Indotyphlops tenuicollis (Peters, 1864)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Kinyongia gyrolepis","v":"circular-scaled chameleon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Lendu Plateau","e":"The circular-scaled chameleon (Kinyongia gyrolepis) is known only from a few specimens collected mainly in the Lendu Plateau's now mostly-cleared forests.","l":"dd","iucn":"Kinyongia gyrolepis Greenbaum, Tolley, Joma & Kusamba, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lampropeltis catalinensis","v":"Santa Catalina kingsnake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Santa Catalina kingsnake (Lampropeltis catalinensis) is confined to Santa Catalina Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lampropeltis catalinensis Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1921","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lampropeltis webbi","v":"Webb's mountain kingsnake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Webb's mountain kingsnake (Lampropeltis webbi) is known only from a few specimens collected from Sinaloa and Durango states.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lampropeltis webbi Bryson, Dixon & Lazcano, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidodactylus buleli","v":"Bulel's scaly-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Espiritu Santo","e":"Bulel's scaly-toed gecko (Lepidodactylus buleli) is known only from the western coast of Espiritu Santo, but may perhaps range more widely.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidodactylus buleli Ineich, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidodactylus pulcher","v":"Admiralty scaly-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Admiralty scaly-toed gecko (Lepidodactylus pulcher) is known only from a few islands and has rarely been collected.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidodactylus pulcher Boulenger, 1885","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptotyphlops keniensis","v":"Eastern Rift worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Eastern Rift worm snake (Leptotyphlops keniensis) is known only from Mount Kenya and environs, and from Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptotyphlops keniensis Broadley & Wallach, 2007","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptotyphlops mbanjensis","v":"Mbanja worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The East African coastal forests","e":"The Mbanja worm snake (Leptotyphlops mbanjensis) is known only from five specimens collected from extreme southeastern Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptotyphlops mbanjensis Broadley & Wallach, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptotyphlops parkeri","v":"Parker's worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Parker's worm snake (Leptotyphlops parkeri) is known only from two specimens collected many decades ago from two, widely-separated localities (the northern Ogaden region of Ethiopia and Tsavo National Park in Kenya).","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptotyphlops parkeri Broadley, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Letheobia episcopus","v":"Halfeti blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Halfeti blind snake (Letheobia episcopus) is known only from two localities in the Euprhates River Valley of southeastern Turkey.","l":"dd","iucn":"Letheobia episcopus (Franzen & Wallach, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Letheobia erythraea","v":"Eritrean blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Eritrean blind snake (Letheobia erythraea) is known only from two localities in the arid central highlands of Eritrea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Letheobia erythraea (Scortecci, 1928)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Letheobia pallida","v":"Zanzibar blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Zanzibar blind snake (Letheobia pallida) is a little-known species confined to Zanzibar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Letheobia pallida Cope, 1868","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Liophidium maintikibo","v":"Maintikibo snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Maintikibo snake (Liophidium maintikibo) is known only from two specimens collected from the Kirindy Forest and the Andranomena Special Reserve in western coastal Madagascar (former Toliara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Liophidium maintikibo Franzen, Jones, Raselimanana, Nagy, D’Cruze, Glaw & Vences, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Liotyphlops haadi","v":"Haad's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Terra firma","e":"Haad's blind snake (Liotyphlops haadi) is known only from two specimens collected from southeastern Colombia (Vaupés and Amazonas departments).","l":"dd","iucn":"Liotyphlops haadi Silva-Haad, Franco & Maldonado, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lipinia rabori","v":"black slender skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Negros","e":"The black slender skink (Lipinia rabori) is confined to southern Negros.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lipinia rabori (Brown & Alcala, 1956)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lipinia semperi","v":"Semper's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Semper's skink (Lipinia semperi) is known only from historical records originating in Mindanao, Camiguin and possibly Samar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lipinia semperi (Peters, 1867)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lipinia venemai","v":"Brongersma's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Brongersma's skink (Lipinia venemai) is known only from two localities within the central Vogelkop Peninsula (Papua Barat province, Indonesia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lipinia venemai Brongersma, 1953","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Luperosaurus corfieldi","v":"Cornfield's fringed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Panay","e":"Cornfield's fringed gecko (Luperosaurus corfieldi) is known only from three specimens collected from far northwestern Panay.","l":"dd","iucn":"Luperosaurus corfieldi Gaulke, Rösler & Brown, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Luperosaurus cumingii","v":"Cuming's fringed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Luzon","e":"Cuming's fringed gecko (Luperosaurus cumingii) is confined to southern Luzon and the satellite island of Polillo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Luperosaurus cumingii (Gray, 1845)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Luperosaurus joloensis","v":"Jolo fringed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Jolo","e":"The Jolo fringed gecko (Luperosaurus joloensis) is known only from a small number of specimens collected on Jolo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Luperosaurus joloensis Taylor, 1918","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lycodon cardamomensis","v":"Cardamom wolf snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cardamom wolf snake (Lycodon cardamomensis) is known only from a few specimens collected in the Cardamom Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lycodon cardamomensis Daltry & Wüster, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Lycodon tessellatus","v":"Manila wolf snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Luzon","e":"The Manila wolf snake (Lycodon tessellatus) is known only from a single museum specimen collected in 1846 and labelled “Manila.” The Luzon wolf snake (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lycodon tessellatus Jan, 1863","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lycophidion pembanum","v":"Pemba wolf snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Pemba wolf snake (Lycophidion pembanum) is confined to forests and plantations on Pemba Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lycophidion pembanum Laurent, 1968","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lygodactylus decaryi","v":"Decary's dwarf gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Decary's dwarf gecko (Lygodactylus decaryi) is known only from specimens collected from Andrahamana, Angavo and Behara in southern Madagascar (former Toliara province) between the 1930s and 1950s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lygodactylus decaryi Angel, 1930","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lygodactylus grandisonae","v":"Grandison's dwarf gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Grandison's dwarf gecko (Lygodactylus grandisonae) is known only from a few specimens collected from a single locality on the Kenya / Ethiopia border.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lygodactylus grandisonae Pasteur, 1962","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lygodactylus inexpectatus","v":"Dar-es-Salaam dwarf gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The East African coastal forests","e":"The Dar-es-Salaam dwarf gecko (Lygodactylus inexpectatus) is known only from the Dar-es-Salaam area of Tanzania, where it has not been recorded since its original description in the mid-twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lygodactylus inexpectatus Pasteur, 1965","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lygodactylus scheffleri","v":"Scheffler's dwarf gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Scheffler's dwarf gecko (Lygodactylus scheffleri) is known only from two localities in southeastern Kenya in the vicinity of the Chyulu Hills and Kibwezi, where it was last recorded in the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lygodactylus scheffleri Sternfeld, 1912","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lytorhynchus gasperetti","v":"Gasperett's snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Gasperett's snake (Lytorhynchus gasperetti) is known only from a few specimens collected during the 1970s primarily from the southeastern Asir Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lytorhynchus gasperetti Leviton, 1977","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Madatyphlops andasibensis","v":"Andasibe blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"The Andasibe blind snake (Madatyphlops andasibensis) is known only from Andasibe in east-central Madagascar (former Toamasina province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Madatyphlops andasibensis (Wallach & Glaw, 2009)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Madatyphlops comorensis","v":"Comoros blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Comoros blind snake (Madatyphlops comorensis) is a burrowing species known only from a few specimens collected on Grande Comore and, in one instance, Anjouan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Madatyphlops comorensis (Boulenger, 1889)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Masticophis barbouri","v":"Barbour's whip snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Barbour's whip snake (Masticophis barbouri) is confined to Espiritu Santo and Partida Sur off the southeastern coast of the Baja California Peninsula.","l":"dd","iucn":"Masticophis barbouri (Van Denburgh & Slevin 1921)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Matoatoa spannringi","v":"Spannring's leaf-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Lowland rainforests","e":"Spannring's leaf-toed gecko (Matoatoa spannringi) was long known only from a few microhabitats at Fiadanana in southeastern Madagascar (former Fianarantsoa province), though more recently a single specimen was recorded from Sainte Luce in the far southeast (former Toliara province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Matoatoa spannringi Nussbaum, Raxworthy & Pronk, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mediodactylus aspratilis","v":"keel-scaled bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The keel-scaled bent-toed gecko (Mediodactylus aspratilis) is known only from two localities in southwestern Iran (Fars province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mediodactylus aspratilis (Anderson, 1973)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mediodactylus heteropholis","v":"Iraqi bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Iraqi bent-toed gecko (Mediodactylus heteropholis) is known only from two specimens collected in the foothills of western Iran and northeastern Iraq.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mediodactylus heteropholis (Minton, Anderson & Anderson, 1970)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mehelya gabouensis","v":"Gabou file snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Gabou file snake (Mehelya gabouensis) is known only from two specimens collected in 1996 from southwestern Senegal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mehelya gabouensis Trape & Mané, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Meizodon krameri","v":"Tana delta smooth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Tana River","e":"The Tana delta smooth snake (Meizodon krameri) is known only from two specimens collected in 1934 from the Tana River delta.","l":"dd","iucn":"Meizodon krameri Schätti, 1985","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mesalina ayunensis","v":"Ayun sand lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Ayun sand lizard (Mesalina ayunensis) is known only from a small area of southwestern Oman.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mesalina ayunensis Arnold, 1980","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Mesoscincus altamirani","v":"Tepalcatepec skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tepalcatepec skink (Mesoscincus altamirani) is known only from two localities within the Balsas-Tepalcatepec Valley (central Michoacán).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mesoscincus altamirani (Duges, 1891)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microgecko helenae","v":"Helen's bent-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Helen's bent-toed gecko (Microgecko helenae) is known only from a few, widely-scattered records.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microgecko helenae Nikolsky, 1907","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microlophus tarapacensis","v":"Tarapacá Pacific iguana","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tarapacá Pacific iguana (Microlophus tarapacensis) is known only from a small area of northern Chile (Arica y Parinacota and Tarapacá regions).","l":"dd","iucn":"Microlophus tarapacensis (Donoso-Barros, 1966)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture"],"pa":false},{"n":"Micrurus bogerti","v":"Bogert's coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bogert's coral snake (Micrurus bogerti) is known only from a few specimens collected from a small area of coastal southern Mexico (Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micrurus bogerti Roze, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Micrurus pachecogili","v":"Zapotitlán Salinas coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"The Zapotitlán Salinas coral snake (Micrurus pachecogili) is known only from a small area of southern Mexico (southeastern Puebla).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micrurus pachecogili Campbell, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Micrurus petersi","v":"Peters' coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Peters' coral snake (Micrurus petersi) is known only from two specimens collected from cloud forests in south-central Ecuador (Morona Santiago province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Micrurus petersi Roze, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Micrurus tamaulipensis","v":"Tamaulipas coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tamaulipas coral snake (Micrurus tamaulipensis) is known only from four specimens collected from a cattle ranch about fifty kilometres north of Gonzalez, in the Tamaulipas Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Micrurus tamaulipensis Lavin-Murcio & Dixon, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Muhtarophis barani","v":"Baran's kukri snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Baran's kukri snake (Muhtarophis barani) is confined to the Nur Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Muhtarophis barani (Olgun, Avci, Ilgaz, Üzüm & Yilmaz, 2007)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myersophis alpestris","v":"Myer's snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cordillera Central","e":"Myer's snake (Myersophis alpestris) is known only from two specimens collected in the 1960s from the mountains of north-central Luzon.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myersophis alpestris Taylor, 1963","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myriopholis burii","v":"Bury's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Bury's blind snake (Myriopholis burii) is known only from a few specimens collected from the mountains of southwestern Saudi Arabia and southwestern Yemen.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myriopholis burii (Boulenger, 1905)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Nactus kunan","v":"Manus bumblebee gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Manus","e":"The Manus bumblebee gecko (Nactus kunan) is known only from two specimens collected in 2012, but may occur more widely on the island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nactus kunan Fisher & Zug, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Natator depressus","v":"flatback sea turtle","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) is confined to the coastal waters of northern, eastern and western Australia, southern Indonesia, and southern New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Natator depressus (Garman, 1880)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Oligodon macrurus","v":"Angel's kukri snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Angel's kukri snake (Oligodon macrurus) is confined to a small area of southern coastal Vietnam (Khanh Hoa and Ninh Thuan provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oligodon macrurus (Angel, 1927)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Oligodon nikhili","v":"Nikhil's kukri snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Nikhil's kukri snake (Oligodon nikhili) is known only from the Palani Hills in Kerala.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oligodon nikhili Whitaker & Dattatri, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oligodon petronellae","v":"Petronella's kukri snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Petronella's kukri snake (Oligodon petronellae) is known only from a few specimens collected from central-western coastal Sumatra (Sumatra Barat province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Oligodon petronellae De Rooij, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ophisops elbaensis","v":"Red Sea snake-eyed lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Red Sea snake-eyed lizard (Ophisops elbaensis) is known only from a few isolated localities in southeastern Egypt and the southwestern Arabian Peninsula (southwestern Saudi Arabia and western Yemen).","l":"dd","iucn":"Ophisops elbaensis Schmidt & Marx, 1957","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Opisthotropis cucae","v":"Cuc's mountain stream snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Kon Tum Plateau","e":"Cuc's mountain stream snake (Opisthotropis cucae) is known only from the Kon Tum Plateau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Opisthotropis cucae David, Cuong, Truong & Ziegler, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Opisthotropis tamdaoensis","v":"Tam Dao stream snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tam Dao stream snake (Opisthotropis tamdaoensis) is known only from Tam Dao National Park in northern Vietnam (Vinh Phuc province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Opisthotropis tamdaoensis Ziegler, David & Vu, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pantherophis slowinskii","v":"Slowinski's corn snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Slowinski's corn snake (Pantherophis slowinskii) is a little-known species confined to eastern Texas, western Louisiana and possibly southern Arkansas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pantherophis slowinskii (Burbrink, 2002)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paracontias milloti","v":"Millot's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Millot's skink (Paracontias milloti) is known only from museum specimens collected from the small islands of Nosy Mitsio and Nosy Mamoko off the northwestern coast of Madagascar, and possibly from Marojejy in the northeast.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracontias milloti Angel, 1949","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Paracontias vermisaurus","v":"Makira skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Makira skink (Paracontias vermisaurus) is known only from two localities within the Makira Reserve in northeastern Madagascar (former Toamasina province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Paracontias vermisaurus Miralles, Köhler, Vieites, Glaw & Vences, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Perochirus guentheri","v":"Erromango saw-tailed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Erromango","e":"The Erromango saw-tailed gecko (Perochirus guentheri) is known only from four specimens collected from Erromango.","l":"dd","iucn":"Perochirus guentheri Boulenger, 1885","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Philochortus rudolfensis","v":"southern shield-backed lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The southern shield-backed lizard (Philochortus rudolfensis) is known only from five specimens collected in the early twentienth century from arid bushland areas of northern Kenya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Philochortus rudolfensis Parker, 1932","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Phrynosoma ditmarsi","v":"Ditmar's horned lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Ditmar's horned lizard (Phrynosoma ditmarsi) was long known only from three specimens collected during the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phrynosoma ditmarsi Stejneger, 1906","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Phyllodactylus baurii","v":"Baur's leaf-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Baur's leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus baurii) is endemic to Floreana Island and associated islets.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phyllodactylus baurii Garman, 1892","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Phyllodactylus clinatus","v":"Cerro Illescas leaf-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Cerro Illescas leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus clinatus) is known only from a few specimens collected from a small area of coastal northwestern Peru (Piura department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Phyllodactylus clinatus Dixon & Huey, 1970","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Plagiopholis delacouri","v":"Delacour's mountain snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Delacour's mountain snake (Plagiopholis delacouri) is known only from disjunct historical records originating in northern Vietnam (Lao Cai and Vinh Phuc provinces) and northern Laos (Xiangkhouang province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Plagiopholis delacouri Angel, 1929","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Platyplectrurus trilineatus","v":"three-lined thorntail snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The three-lined thorntail snake (Platyplectrurus trilineatus) is known only from three historical records orginating in the Anamalai and Palani Hills (Kerala and Tamil Nadu).","l":"dd","iucn":"Platyplectrurus trilineatus (Beddome, 1867)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Plectrurus guentheri","v":"Günther's burrowing snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Günther's burrowing snake (Plectrurus guentheri) is known only from two specimens collected during the late nineteenth-century in the Nilgiri Hills.","l":"dd","iucn":"Plectrurus guentheri Beddome, 1863","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Plestiodon multilineatus","v":"multi-lined skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The multi-lined skink (Plestiodon multilineatus) is confined to two widely-separated localities in central-western Chihuahua.","l":"dd","iucn":"Plestiodon multilineatus (Tanner, 1957)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Polychrus jacquelinae","v":"Jacquelin's bush anole","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Jacquelin's bush anole (Polychrus jacquelinae) is known only from a small area of northwestern Peru (La Libertad department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Polychrus jacquelinae Koch, Venegas, Garcia-Bravo & Böhme, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Porthidium hespere","v":"Colima hognose pit viper","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Scattered patches of lowland dry forest","e":"The Colima hognose pit viper (Porthidium hespere) is known only from four specimens collected from two, widely-separated localities in southern Mexico (Colima and Michoacán).","l":"dd","iucn":"Porthidium hespere (Campbell, 1976)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pristurus adrarensis","v":"Mauritanian rock gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mauritanian rock gecko (Pristurus adrarensis) is known only from three specimens collected from two localities in central Mauritania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristurus adrarensis Geniez & Arnold, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pristurus longipes","v":"Peters' rock gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Peters' rock gecko (Pristurus longipes) is known only from historical records originating in Yemen, as well as from poorly-preserved specimen collected from what is now Eritrea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristurus longipes Peters, 1871","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Protobothrops kaulbacki","v":"Kaulback's lance-headed pit viper","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Kaulback's lance-headed pit viper (Protobothrops kaulbacki) is known only from Medog County (southeastern Tibet) and from northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Protobothrops kaulbacki (Smith, 1940)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Protobothrops maolanensis","v":"Maolan pit viper","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Maolan pit viper (Protobothrops maolanensis) is known only from the Maolan National Nature Reserve in southeastern China (Guizhou).","l":"dd","iucn":"Protobothrops maolanensis Yang, Orlov & Wang, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pseudorabdion montanum","v":"mountain burrowing snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Negros","e":"The mountain burrowing snake (Pseudorabdion montanum) is known only from a few specimens.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudorabdion montanum Leviton & Brown, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudoxenodon baramensis","v":"Baram false cobra","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Baram false cobra (Pseudoxenodon baramensis) is known only from a few specimens collected in northern Borneo (Sarawak, Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudoxenodon baramensis Smith, 1921","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops becki","v":"Beck's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Beck's blind snake (Ramphotyphlops becki) is confined to Guadalcanal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops becki (Tanner, 1948)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops mansuetus","v":"small-headed blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The small-headed blind snake (Ramphotyphlops mansuetus) is known only from two specimens collected from Bougainville and Makira.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops mansuetus (Barbour, 1921)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops marxi","v":"Marx's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Samar","e":"Marx's blind snake (Ramphotyphlops marxi) is known only from northwestern Samar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops marxi (Wallach, 1993)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops supranasalis","v":"Salawati blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Salawati","e":"The Salawati blind snake (Ramphotyphlops supranasalis) is known only from two specimens collected during the 1930s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops supranasalis (Brongersma, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ramphotyphlops willeyi","v":"Willey's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Willey's blind snake (Ramphotyphlops willeyi) is known only from three specimens collected from the islands of Lifou and Maré.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ramphotyphlops willeyi (Boulenger in Willey, 1900)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rena affinis","v":"Mérida blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Mérida blind snake (Rena affinis) is known only from two specimens collected in the late nineteenth century from Mérida and Táchira states.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rena affinis (Boulenger, 1984)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rena bressoni","v":"Michoacán slender blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Michoacán slender blind snake (Rena bressoni) is confined to a small area of southern Mexico (central Michoacán).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rena bressoni (Taylor, 1939)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhabdophis angeli","v":"Angel's keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Angel's keelback (Rhabdophis angeli) is a type of snake known only from a few specimens collected in the 1930s from a small area of northern Vietnam (Thai Nguyen and Vinh Phuc provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhabdophis angeli (Bourret, 1934)","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhabdophis barbouri","v":"Barbour's keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Cordillera Central","e":"Barbour's keelback (Rhabdophis barbouri) is a type of water snake known only from two specimens collected in 1917.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhabdophis barbouri (Taylor, 1922)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhabdophis callichroma","v":"black-barred keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black-barred keelback (Rhabdophis callichroma) is a type of snake known only from northern Vietnam and the island of Hainan, where it has not been collected in nearly a century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhabdophis callichroma (Bourret, 1934)","sil":true,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhabdophis chrysargoides","v":"Javan keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Javan keelback (Rhabdophis chrysargoides) is a type of snake known only from a few specimens collected from mostly undefined localities.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhabdophis chrysargoides (Günther, 1858)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhadinaea macdougalli","v":"MacDougall's graceful brown snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"MacDougall's graceful brown snake (Rhadinaea macdougalli) is confined to a small area of eastern Oaxaca, where it is threatened by deforestation.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhadinaea macdougalli Smith & Langebartel, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhadinella kanalchutchan","v":"Meseta Central graceful brown snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Meseta Central","e":"The Meseta Central graceful brown snake (Rhadinella kanalchutchan) is confined to the western Meseta Central.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhadinella kanalchutchan (Mendelson & Kizirian, 1995)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinocheilus etheridgei","v":"Etheridge's long-nosed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Etheridge's long-nosed snake (Rhinocheilus etheridgei) is confined to Jacques Cousteau Island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinocheilus etheridgei Grismer 1990","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Saphenophis atahuallpae","v":"Atahuallpa saphenophis snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Atahuallpa saphenophis snake (Saphenophis atahuallpae) is known only from three localities in central Ecuador (Cotopaxi, Bolívar and Pichincha provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Saphenophis atahuallpae (Steindachner, 1901)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Saphenophis tristriatus","v":"three-striped saphenophis snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The three-striped saphenophis snake (Saphenophis tristriatus) is known only from two specimens collected from southwestern Colombia and a possible third from Ecuador.","l":"dd","iucn":"Saphenophis tristriatus (Rendahl & Vestergren, 1941)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sceloporus subpictus","v":"Oaxaca spiny lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"The Oaxaca spiny lizard (Sceloporus subpictus) is confined to a small area of the southern Sierra Madre del Sur (central-western Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Sceloporus subpictus Lynch & Smith 1965","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphaerodactylus micropithecus","v":"Monito least gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Monito least gecko (Sphaerodactylus micropithecus) is confined to two localities on the island.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphaerodactylus micropithecus Schwartz, 1977","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphenomorphus diwata","v":"Diwata skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Located in the southeastern Philippines, Mindanao","e":"The Diwata skink (Sphenomorphus diwata) is known only from a few montane localities.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphenomorphus diwata Brown & Rabor, 1967","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphenomorphus rarus","v":"Rio Guabo skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Rio Guabo skink (Sphenomorphus rarus) is known only from two specimens collected from two widely-separated localities in western Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphenomorphus rarus Myers & Donnelly, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Stegonotus florensis","v":"Flores ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Flores ground snake (Stegonotus florensis) is known only from Flores, but may occur as well on Sumba and       Semau.","l":"dd","iucn":"Stegonotus florensis (De Rooij, 1917)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Tantilla briggsi","v":"Briggs' centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Briggs' centipede snake (Tantilla briggsi) is known only from two localities in southern Mexico (western Oaxaca and southern Veracruz), where it is threatened by deforestation and pesticides.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla briggsi Savitzky & Smith, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla nigra","v":"black centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black centipede snake (Tantilla nigra) is known only from two specimens collected in western Colombia (Chocó department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla nigra (Boulenger, 1914)","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla slavensi","v":"Slavens' centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Slavens' centipede snake (Tantilla slavensi) is known only from five specimens collected from the Tuxtlas Range.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla slavensi Pérez-Higareda, Smith & Smith, 1985","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla striata","v":"striped centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"The striped centipede snake (Tantilla striata) is known only from two localities in east-central Oaxaca.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla striata Dunn, 1928","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla tayrae","v":"Tacaná centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Tacaná centipede snake (Tantilla tayrae) is known only from five specimens collected between 1970 and 1982.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla tayrae Wilson, 1983","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tantilla triseriata","v":"three-lined centipede snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The three-lined centipede snake (Tantilla triseriata) is known only from three cloud forest areas in southern Mexico (north-central and southeastern Oaxaca).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tantilla triseriata Smith & Smith, 1951","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tarentola albertschwartzi","v":"Jamaican giant gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Jamaican giant gecko (Tarentola albertschwartzi) is known only from a type specimen collected during the       nineteenth century from an unknown locality in Jamaica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tarentola albertschwartzi Sprackland & Swinney, 1998","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tarentola rudis","v":"Santiago wall gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Santiago wall gecko (Tarentola rudis) is confined to the southern part of Santiago Island and on Santa Maria islet.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tarentola rudis Boulenger, 1906","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Terrapene nelsoni","v":"Two subspecies of spotted box turtle","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre Occidental","e":"Two subspecies of spotted box turtle (Terrapene nelsoni) are endemic to the Sierra Madre Occidental.","l":"dd","iucn":"Terrapene nelsoni Stejneger, 1925","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Thamnophis nigronuchalis","v":"spotted garter snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotted garter snake (Thamnophis nigronuchalis) is confined to a small area of central-western Mexico (southwestern Durango).","l":"dd","iucn":"Thamnophis nigronuchalis Thompson, 1957","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Thecadactylus oskrobapreinorum","v":"Saint Martin turnip-tailed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Saint Martin","e":"The Saint Martin turnip-tailed gecko (Thecadactylus oskrobapreinorum) is confined to Saint Martin.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thecadactylus oskrobapreinorum Köhler & Vesely, 2011","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Toxicocalamus misimae","v":"Misima worm-eating snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Misima worm-eating snake (Toxicocalamus misimae) is known only from three specimens collected in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Toxicocalamus misimae McDowell, 1969","sil":true,"thr":["mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus","v":"spotted worm-eating snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotted worm-eating snake (Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus) is known only from two specimens collected in the Kratke Mountains in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus McDowell, 1969","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Trachylepis keroanensis","v":"Kérouané mabuya skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Kérouané mabuya skink (Trachylepis keroanensis) is known only from a small area of eastern Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trachylepis keroanensis (Chabanaud, 1921)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trachylepis vezo","v":"Lavenambato mabuya skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Lavenambato mabuya skink (Trachylepis vezo) is currently known only from a few specimens collected at a single locality near the mouth of the Onilahy River in southwestern Madagascar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trachylepis vezo (Ramanamanjato, Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Trapelus jayakari","v":"Jayakar's agama","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Jayakar's agama (Trapelus jayakari) is a type of lizard known only from a few isolated historical records scattered across the southeastern Arabian Peninsula (Oman, Bahrain, Yemen, United Arab Emirates and southeastern Saudi Arabia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Trapelus jayakari (Anderson, 1896)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Trapelus schmitzi","v":"Schmitz's agama","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Schmitz's agama (Trapelus schmitzi) is known only from three specimens, two of which were collected from the Tassili n'Ajjer Mountains of southeastern Algeria in around 1900 and 1952, and the third from the Ennedi Mountains of northeastern Chad.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trapelus schmitzi Wagner & Böhme, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tretanorhinus mocquardi","v":"Mocquard's swamp snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Mocquard's swamp snake (Tretanorhinus mocquardi) is known only from a small number of historical coastal swamp and mangrove localities on both the Caribbean and Pacific sides of Panama, most of which have already been destroyed by coastal development.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tretanorhinus mocquardi Bocourt, 1891","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tribolonotus annectens","v":"Bismarck spiny skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Bismarck Archipelago","e":"The Bismarck spiny skink (Tribolonotus annectens) is confined to montane forests on New Britain and Umboi.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tribolonotus annectens Zweifel, 1966","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tribolonotus ponceleti","v":"giant spiny skink","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The giant spiny skink (Tribolonotus ponceleti) is confined to lowland areas of Shortland, Santa Isabel and Gatokae islands, where it is said to be very rare.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tribolonotus ponceleti Kinghorn, 1937","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tricheilostoma greenwelli","v":"Greenwell's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Greenwell's blind snake (Tricheilostoma greenwelli) is known only from specimens collected in the Ibadan University Zoological Gardens of western Nigeria (Oyo state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tricheilostoma greenwelli (Wallach & Boundy, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Trilepida brevissima","v":"Caquetá blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Caquetá blind snake (Trilepida brevissima) is known only from two specimens which may or may not be conspecific collected during the mid-twentieth century from undefined localities.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trilepida brevissima (Shreve, 1964)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Trilepida nicefori","v":"Santander blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Santander blind snake (Trilepida nicefori) is known only from two localities in north-central Colombia (Santander department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Trilepida nicefori (Dunn, 1946)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Trioceros kinetensis","v":"Kineti chameleon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Mount Kineti","e":"The Kineti chameleon (Trioceros kinetensis) is known only from Mount Kineti.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trioceros kinetensis (Schmidt, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Trioceros ntunte","v":"Nyiru chameleon","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Nyiru chameleon (Trioceros ntunte) is confined to the montane moorlands of Mount Nyiru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Trioceros ntunte (Necas, Modrý & Šlapeta, 2005)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tropidodipsas repleta","v":"Sierra Madre Occidental snail-sucker","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sierra Madre Occidental snail-sucker (Tropidodipsas repleta) is a type of snake known only from two specimens collected from Sonora and Chihuahua, respectively.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tropidodipsas repleta Smith, Lemos-Espinal, Hartman & Chiszar, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Tropidonophis dolasii","v":"D'Entrecasteaux keelback","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The D'Entrecasteaux keelback (Tropidonophis dolasii) is a type of snake confined to Goodenough and Fergusson islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tropidonophis dolasii Krauss & Allison, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tropiocolotes wolfgangboehmei","v":"Wolfgang Boehme's sand gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Wolfgang Boehme's sand gecko (Tropiocolotes wolfgangboehmei) is known only from two specimens collected from central Saudi Arabia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tropiocolotes wolfgangboehmei Wilms, Shobrak & Wagner, 2010","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Uropeltis dindigalensis","v":"Sirumalai Hills earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Sirumalai Hills earth snake (Uropeltis dindigalensis) is known only from the Sirumalai Hills, where it was last recorded in the 1970s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Uropeltis dindigalensis (Beddome, 1877)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Uropeltis maculata","v":"spotted earth snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The spotted earth snake (Uropeltis maculata) is known only from two historical recrods from the southern Western Ghats (Anaimalai and Travancore Hills).","l":"dd","iucn":"Uropeltis maculata (Beddome, 1878)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Urotheca dumerilli","v":"Dumerill's glasstail snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Dumerill's glasstail snake (Urotheca dumerilli) is known only from four specimens of doubtful provenence, but thought to have originated in central-west Colombia (Chocó department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Urotheca dumerilii (Bibron, 1840)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Urotheca myersi","v":"Myers' glasstail snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"Myers' glasstail snake (Urotheca myersi) is known only from three widely-separated localities in central and southwestern Costa Rica (San José and Puntarenas provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Urotheca myersi Savage & Lahanas, 1989","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Varanus beccarii","v":"black tree monitor","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The black tree monitor (Varanus beccarii) is confined to the Aru Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Varanus beccarii (Doria, 1874)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Varanus boehmei","v":"golden-speckled tree monitor","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Waigeo","e":"The golden-speckled tree monitor (Varanus boehmei) is known only from two museum specimens, both collected from the wildlife trade.","l":"dd","iucn":"Varanus boehmei Jacobs, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Varanus kordensis","v":"Biak emerald monitor","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Biak emerald monitor (Varanus kordensis) is confined to Biak.","l":"dd","iucn":"Varanus kordensis (Meyer, 1874)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Varanus reisingeri","v":"yellow tree monitor","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"Misool","e":"The yellow tree monitor (Varanus reisingeri) is confined to this one small island, where it is vulnerable to exploitation by the international pet trade.","l":"dd","iucn":"Varanus reisingeri Eidenmüller & Wicker, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xantusia bolsonae","v":"Bolsón night lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bolsón night lizard (Xantusia bolsonae) is a rare species known only from a small area of central Durango.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xantusia bolsonae Webb, 1970","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Xenophidion acanthognathus","v":"Bornean spinejaw snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Bornean spinejaw snake (Xenophidion acanthognathus) is known only from two disjunct localities in northern and western Sabah (Malaysia).","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenophidion acanthognathus Günther & Manthey, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenosaurus phalaroanthereon","v":"Oaxaca knob-scaled lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"The Oaxaca knob-scaled lizard (Xenosaurus phalaroanthereon) is known only from two small areas within the southern Sierra Madre de Oaxaca.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenosaurus phalaroanthereon Nieto-Montes de Oca, Campbell & Flores-Villela, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xerotyphlops socotranus","v":"Socotra worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Socotra worm snake (Xerotyphlops socotranus) is known only from a few specimens.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xerotyphlops socotranus (Boulenger, 1889)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Zonosaurus maramaintso","v":"Maramaintso plated lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":2,"b":"restricted, extent unclear","s":"","e":"The Maramaintso plated lizard (Zonosaurus maramaintso) is known only from a single undefined locality in western Madagascar (though most likely the Tsingy de Bemaraha region).","l":"dd","iucn":"Zonosaurus maramaintso Raselimanana, Nussbaum & Raxworthy, 2006","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Acanthocobitis pavonacea","v":"spearfin loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The spearfin loach (Acanthocobitis pavonacea) is found in the Brahmaputra and Ganges river drainages, where it is threatened by habitat destruction and degradation.","l":"ne","iucn":"Acanthocobitis pavonacea","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Acanthostracion notacanthus","v":"island cowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The island cowfish (Acanthostracion notacanthus) is a type of boxfish found very disjunctly across the Tropical eastern Atlantic in the shallow waters around the Azores, Saint Helena, Ascension, and São Tomé, as well as the coast of Ghana and Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthostracion notacanthus (Bleeker, 1863)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Acanthurus polyzona","v":"multibar surgeonfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The multibar surgeonfish (Acanthurus polyzona) occurs in along the coast of Madagascar and within the Mascarene and Comoros islands, where it may be threatened by degradation of its coral reef habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Acanthurus polyzona (Bleeker, 1868)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Acentrogobius therezieni","v":"Malagasy mountain mullet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Malagasy mountain mullet (Acentrogobius therezieni) is a small goby found in the Andranomavokely River and the associated tsingy pools and springs in the region of the Namoroka Strict Nature Reserve, northwestern Madagascar (former Mahajanga province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Acentrogobius therezieni Kiener, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Afronemacheilus abyssinicus","v":"Abyssinian stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Abyssinian stone loach (Afronemacheilus abyssinicus) is known from the Blue Nile at its outlet from Lake Tana, and from the Baro River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Afronemacheilus abyssinicus (Boulenger, 1902)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Anchoviella balboae","v":"Balboa anchovy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Balboa anchovy (Anchoviella balboae) is known for certain only from specimens collected in the 1940s off the western coast of Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anchoviella balboae (Jordan & Seale, 1926)","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Anchoviella blackburni","v":"Blackburn's anchovy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Blackburn's anchovy (Anchoviella blackburni) is known for certain only from Lake Maracaibo and adjacent coastal areas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Anchoviella blackburni Hildebrand, 1943","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Andinoacara sapayensis","v":"Sapayo cichlid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Sapayo cichlid (Andinoacara sapayensis) is known from the Sapayo River within the Cantiago-Cayapas drainage of northwestern Ecuador, and most likely occurs in the Patía River of southwestern Colombia as well.","l":"dd","iucn":"Andinoacara sapayensis (Regan, 1903)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Apodocreedia vanderhorsti","v":"longfin burrower","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The longfin burrower (Apodocreedia vanderhorsti) is an intertidal species from southeastern Africa (Delagoa Bay, Mozambique to Durban, South Africa).","l":"dd","iucn":"Apodocreedia vanderhorsti de Beaufort, 1948","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Arnoglossus brunneus","v":"brown lefteye flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The brown lefteye flounder (Arnoglossus brunneus) is known for certain only from deep waters surrounding the Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arnoglossus brunneus (Fowler, 1934)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Arnoglossus nigrifrons","v":"Chesterfield lefteye flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Chesterfield lefteye flounder (Arnoglossus nigrifrons) is known for certain only from two specimens collected from the Chesterfield Bank.","l":"dd","iucn":"Arnoglossus nigrifrons Amaoka & Mihara, 2000","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Astroblepus labialis","v":"Marañón naked suckermouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Marañón naked suckermouth catfish (Astroblepus labialis) is known from two localities in the Andes of northern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Astroblepus labialis Pearson, 1937","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Badis kanabos","v":"Kanabos perch","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Kanabos perch (Badis kanabos) and the Assam perch (B.","l":"dd","iucn":"Badis kanabos Kullander & Britz, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bajacalifornia arcylepis","v":"network slickhead","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The network slickhead (Bajacalifornia arcylepis) is a type of deep-sea smelt known for certain only from two records in the tropical Atlantic and possibly one from the northwestern Indian Ocean.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bajacalifornia arcylepis Markle & Krefft, 1985","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Balitora vanlani","v":"Vanlan's stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"kimluani), Vanlan's stone loach (Balitora vanlani), Vanlong's stone loach (B.","l":"dd","iucn":"Balitora vanlani Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Batasio spilurus","v":"spot-tailed catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The spot-tailed catfish (Batasio spilurus) and the Meriani catfish (B.","l":"dd","iucn":"Batasio spilurus Ng, 2006","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bathycongrus retrotinctus","v":"blackedge conger eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The blackedge conger eel (Bathycongrus retrotinctus) is known for certain only from a few specimens collected from deep waters in the Philippines, though is may occur as well in the Sea of Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bathycongrus retrotinctus (Jordan & Snyder, 1901)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Betta smaragdina","v":"Mekong fighting betta","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Mekong fighting betta (Betta smaragdina) is found over much of the Mekong River drainage in central and eastern Thailand, Laos and northern Cambodia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Betta smaragdina Ladiges, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Boraras naevus","v":"strawberry rasbora","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The strawberry rasbora (Boraras naevus) is known from swamps in peninsular Thailand (Surat Thani province), and may perhaps be found more widely within the lower Tapi River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Boraras naevus Conway & Kottelat, 2011","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Bryx veleronis","v":"offshore pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The offshore pipefish (Bryx veleronis) is known from coastal Costa Rica and Panama, the Revillagigedo Islands, the Galapagos Islands, and Malpelo Island, but has not been seen or collected since 1938.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bryx veleronis Herald, 1940","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Calamus campechanus","v":"Campeche porgy","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Campeche porgy (Calamus campechanus), an important food fish, is found patchily off the Yucatán Peninsula and the coastal waters of Nicaragua and possible Belize.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamus campechanus Randall & Caldwell, 1966","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Careproctus aciculipunctatus","v":"finely-speckled snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The finely-speckled snailfish (Careproctus aciculipunctatus) and Merret's snailfish (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Careproctus aciculipunctatus Andriashev & Chernova, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Careproctus cactiformis","v":"cactus-like snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The cactus-like snailfish (Careproctus cactiformis) and Herwig's snailfish (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Careproctus cactiformis Andriashev, 1990","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chaetostoma alternifasciatum","v":"alternating-striped bristlemouth catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The alternating-striped bristlemouth catfish (Chaetostoma alternifasciatum) and the wandering bristlemouth catfish (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaetostoma alternifasciatum Fowler, 1945","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Chirostoma arge","v":"largetooth silverside","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The largetooth silverside (Chirostoma arge) is widespread but uncommon within tributaries of the lower and middle Lerma River and upper Rio Verde (a tributary of the Santiago River).","l":"dd","iucn":"Chirostoma arge (Jordan & Snyder, 1899)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Choerodon gymnogenys","v":"purple-lined wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The purple-lined wrasse (Choerodon gymnogenys) is found along the East African coast from Kenya to Mozambique, including the waters around Zanzibar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Choerodon gymnogenys (Günther, 1867)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cobitis amphilekta","v":"Khvalyn spined loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Khvalyn spined loach (Cobitis amphilekta) is known for certain only from Kyzylagach Bay and the lower Kumbashi River in Azerbaijan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cobitis amphilekta Vasil'eva & Vasil'ev, 2012","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cobitis ylengensis","v":"Yleng spined loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Yleng spined loach (Cobitis ylengensis), Ngô's spined loach (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cobitis ylengensis Ngô 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Coelorinchus dorsalis","v":"Luzon rattail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Luzon rattail (Coelorinchus dorsalis) and Weber's rattail (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coelorinchus dorsalis Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Coelorinchus macrolepis","v":"largescale rattail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Verde Island Passage","e":"The largescale rattail (Coelorinchus macrolepis) and the Verde Island Passage rattail (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coelorinchus macrolepis Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Coelorinchus sexradiatus","v":"Two deep-sea fishes, the six-rayed rattail","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Two deep-sea fishes, the six-rayed rattail (Coelorinchus sexradiatus) and the three-spot rattail (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coelorinchus sexradiatus Gilbert & Hubbs, 1920","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Conta conta","v":"Mahananda catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Mahananda catfish (Conta conta) is known for certain only from the Mahananda River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Conta conta (Hamilton, 1822)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Corvula macrops","v":"Vacuocua croaker","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Vacuocua croaker (Corvula macrops) is a notably uncommon species found in the continental and insular waters of the eastern Pacific from the Gulf of California to Ecuador, including the Galápagos Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Corvula macrops (Steindachner, 1876)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Corydoras atropersonatus","v":"Tigre corydoras catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Tigre corydoras catfish (Corydoras atropersonatus) is known from a few localities within the Tigre River drainage, where it is threatened by pollution and collection for the international aquarium trade.","l":"dd","iucn":"Corydoras atropersonatus (Weitzman & Nijissen, 1970)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Corydoras noelkempffi","v":"Noel Kempff's corydoras catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Noel Kempff's corydoras catfish (Corydoras noelkempffi), white-lined corydoras catfish (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Corydoras noelkempffi Knaack, 2004","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Coryphopterus kuna","v":"Kuna goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Kuna goby (Coryphopterus kuna) is widely but patchily distributed in the coastal waters of western tropical Atlantic from Florida to Central America and northern South America, but is generally uncommon and highly susceptible to invasive lionfish predation.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coryphopterus kuna Victor, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cottus princeps","v":"Klamath sculpin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Klamath sculpin (Cottus princeps) and the slender sculpin (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cottus princeps Gilbert, 1898","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cromileptes altivelis","v":"humpback grouper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) is a naturally rare if widely distributed species found along the continental and insular shelves from southern India to Japan and northern Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes, 1828)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyprinodon albivelis","v":"whitefin pupfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The whitefin pupfish (Cyprinodon albivelis) is known from the upper Papigóchic River and other tributaries and spring complexes within the Yaqui River in northwestern Mexico (Sonora).","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyprinodon albivelis Minckley & Miller, 2002","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyprinus hyperdorsalis","v":"Nguyen's carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Nguyen's carp (Cyprinus hyperdorsalis) and Da's carp (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyprinus hyperdorsalis Nguyen, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyprinus longzhouensis","v":"Zuo carp","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Zuo carp (Cyprinus longzhouensis) is known for certain only from the upper Zuo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cyprinus longzhouensis Yang & Hwang, 1977","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dagetichthys lusitanica","v":"Lusitanian sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The Lusitanian sole (Dagetichthys lusitanica) is an important food fish found along continental and insular shelves from the Iberian Peninsula to Angola, including Cape Verde.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dagetichthys lusitanica (de Brito Capello, 1868)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Danio margaritatus","v":"Celestial pearl danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Celestial pearl danio (Danio margaritatus) is a type of fish known from a few heavily-vegetated pools on the Shan Plateau of Myanmar and Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Danio margaritatus (Roberts, 2007)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Danionella dracula","v":"Dracula fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Dracula fish (Danionella dracula) was only just described in 2007 from a consignment of aquarium fishes shipped to the United Kingdom, said to have originated from a stream near Sha Du Zup in northern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Danionella dracula Britz, Conway & Rüber, 2009","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Devario trangi","v":"Trang's danio","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Trang's danio (Devario trangi) and the Quang Binh danio (D.","l":"dd","iucn":"Devario trangi Ngo, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Discherodontus colemani","v":"Coleman's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Coleman's barb (Discherodontus colemani) is an uncommon species from the upper Chao Phraya drainage in northwestern Thailand.","l":"dd","iucn":"Discherodontus colemani (Fowler, 1937)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eidinemacheilus proudlovei","v":"Proudlove's blind cave loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Proudlove's blind cave loach (Eidinemacheilus proudlovei) is a little-known species from the Kurdistan region of northern Iraq.","l":"ne","iucn":"Eidinemacheilus proudlovei","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius brachygramma","v":"line-spotted barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Lukinda River","e":"The line-spotted barb (Enteromius brachygramma) and the Lukinda barb (E.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius brachygramma (Boulenger, 1915)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius castrasibutum","v":"Fort Sibut barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Fort Sibut barb (Enteromius castrasibutum) and the Tomi barb (E.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius castrasibutum (Fowler, 1936)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius greenwoodi","v":"Greenwood's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Cuemba River","e":"Greenwood's barb (Enteromius greenwoodi) and the Cuemba barb (E.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius greenwoodi (Poll, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius kuiluensis","v":"Baudon barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Kouilou-Niari River","e":"The Baudon barb (Enteromius kuiluensis), Roux's barb (E.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius kuiluensis (Pellegrin, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius mediosquamatus","v":"middle-scaled barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The middle-scaled barb (Enteromius mediosquamatus) is known from the Luachimo, Lucoge and Lulua rivers, tributaries of the upper Kasai River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius mediosquamatus (Poll, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Enteromius venustus","v":"red Pangani barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Pangani River","e":"The red Pangani barb (Enteromius venustus) and the four-spotted barb (E.","l":"dd","iucn":"Enteromius venustus (Bailey, 1980)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Etropus delsmani","v":"Atlantic sand flounder","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Atlantic sand flounder (Etropus delsmani) is only known from a few specimens collected off the northern coast of Venezuela.","l":"dd","iucn":"Etropus delsmani Chabanaud, 1940","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Eutropiichthys goongwaree","v":"Gongwaree catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gongwaree catfish (Eutropiichthys goongwaree) is known for certain only from the Krishna River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eutropiichthys goongwaree (Sykes, 1839)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Festucalex wassi","v":"Wass' pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Wass' pipefish (Festucalex wassi) is only known from six specimens collected off New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, and Samoa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Festucalex wassi Dawson, 1977","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gaidropsarus granti","v":"Azores rockling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Azores rockling (Gaidropsarus granti) is a rare species found patchily in the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterrean Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gaidropsarus granti (Regan, 1903)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gambusia alvarezi","v":"yellowfin gambusia","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The yellowfin gambusia (Gambusia alvarezi) is found disjunctly in northern Mexico within the Salado de Nadadores River and the Cuatro Ciénegas basin of Coahuila, and in the Conchos River and Oje de San Gregorio Spring in Chihuahua.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gambusia alvarezi Hubbs & Springer, 1957","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Garra qiaojiensis","v":"Qiaojie garra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Qiaojie garra (Garra qiaojiensis) is known only two localities in southwestern China (Yunnan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Garra qiaojiensis Wu & Yao, 1977","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Halichoeres bleekeri","v":"Bleeker's wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Bleeker's wrasse (Halichoeres bleekeri) is found from Ceju Island south of the Korean Peninsula to southern Japan, where it may be threatened by coastal development.","l":"dd","iucn":"Halichoeres bleekeri (Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Halichoeres rubricephalus","v":"red-headed wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The red-headed wrasse (Halichoeres rubricephalus) is an uncommon species from southeastern Indonesia that is potentially threatened by collection for the international aquarium trade.","l":"dd","iucn":"Halichoeres rubricephalus Kuiter & Randall, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Helcogramma maldivensis","v":"South Malé triplefin blenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Chagos-Laccadive Ridge","e":"The South Malé triplefin blenny (Helcogramma maldivensis) and the North Malé triplefin blenny (H.","l":"dd","iucn":"Helcogramma maldivensis Fricke & Randall, 1992","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis","v":"Gam catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gam barb (Spinibarbus ovalius), Gam steed (Hemibarbus thacmoensis), Gam catfish (Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis), Nahang loach (Vanmanenia nahangensis), Gam river loach (Hemimyzon songamensis), Vancuong's loach (Parabotia vancuongi), Kimluan's loach (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemibarbus thacmoensis","v":"Gam steed","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gam barb (Spinibarbus ovalius), Gam steed (Hemibarbus thacmoensis), Gam catfish (Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis), Nahang loach (Vanmanenia nahangensis), Gam river loach (Hemimyzon songamensis), Vancuong's loach (Parabotia vancuongi), Kimluan's loach (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemibarbus thacmoensis Nguyen, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemimyzon songamensis","v":"Gam river loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gam barb (Spinibarbus ovalius), Gam steed (Hemibarbus thacmoensis), Gam catfish (Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis), Nahang loach (Vanmanenia nahangensis), Gam river loach (Hemimyzon songamensis), Vancuong's loach (Parabotia vancuongi), Kimluan's loach (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemimyzon songamensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Herpetoichthys regius","v":"ornate snake-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The ornate snake-eel (Herpetoichthys regius) is only known from a few localities in the Tropical Atlantic (coastal Mauritania, Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and Saint Paul's Rocks).","l":"dd","iucn":"Herpetoichthys regius (Richardson, 1848)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Heteroconger taylori","v":"Taylor's garden eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Taylor's garden eel (Heteroconger taylori) appears to fairly widespread in the Central Indo-Pacific but may perhaps be threatened, at least in some areas, by the loss of its sea meadow habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heteroconger taylori Castle & Randall, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Heteromycteris proboscideus","v":"true sole","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"The true sole (Heteromycteris proboscideus) is a small flatfish found along the coast of West Africa from Western Sahara south to Angola in both saltwater and freshwater habitats.","l":"dd","iucn":"Heteromycteris proboscideus (Chabanaud, 1925)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Himantolophus macroceras","v":"","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Two species of deep-sea anglerfish, the large-headed footballfish (Himantolophus macroceras) and the multi-branched footballfish (H.","l":"dd","iucn":"Himantolophus macroceras Bertelsen & Krefft, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypoplectrus atlahua","v":"Jarocho hamlet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Jarocho hamlet (Hypoplectrus atlahua) is only known from two specimens collected by fishermen along the southeastern coast of Mexico (Veracruz).","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypoplectrus atlahua Tavera & Acero, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Hypsibarbus suvattii","v":"Suvatti's barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Suvatti's barb (Hypsibarbus suvattii) is known for certain only from the Mae Klong River of Thailand, where it is known to be declining.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsibarbus suvattii Rainboth, 1996","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Iniistius javanicus","v":"Javan razorfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Javan razorfish (Iniistius javanicus) is only known from a few specimens collected off Java.","l":"dd","iucn":"Iniistius javanicus (Bleeker, 1862)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Labeo luluae","v":"Lulua labeo","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Lulua labeo (Labeo luluae) is known from two specimens collected from the Lulua and Aruwimi rivers in the early twentieth century.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeo luluae Fowler, 1930","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus jaegeri","v":"Jaeger's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Sanaga River","e":"Jaeger's yellowfish (Labeobarbus jaegeri) and the Mbam yellowfish (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus jaegeri (Holly, 1930)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus jubbi","v":"Jubb's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Jubb's yellowfish (Labeobarbus jubbi) is known from the Luembe, Luachimo and Canhicuna rivers of northeastrn Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus jubbi (Poll, 1967)","sil":false,"thr":["development","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus longifilis","v":"Luhoho yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Luhoho River","e":"The Luhoho yellowfish (Labeobarbus longifilis), long-finned yellowfish (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus longifilis (Pellegrin, 1935)","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus upembensis","v":"Upemba yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Luapula River","e":"The Upemba yellowfish (Labeobarbus upembensis) and Gestetner's yellowfish (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus upembensis (Banister & Bailey, 1979)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Labeobarbus wittei","v":"Witte's yellowfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Lufira River","e":"Witte's yellowfish (Labeobarbus wittei) and the Lufira yellowfish (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Labeobarbus wittei (Banister & Poll, 1973)","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lentipes concolor","v":"Hawaiian freshwater goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Hawaiian freshwater goby (Lentipes concolor) is a little-known species from the mountain streams of Hawaii, Molokai and Maui.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lentipes concolor (Gill, 1860)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lepidion eques","v":"North Atlantic codling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The North Atlantic codling (Lepidion eques) is a naturally rare species that occurs in deep waters across the North Atlantic from northwards of the Bay of Biscay (west of the British Isles), along the Iceland-Faroe Ridge to northern Labrador and the Grand Banks.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidion eques (Günther, 1887)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Liopropoma longilepis","v":"scalyfin basslet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The scalyfin basslet (Liopropoma longilepis) is a type of small grouper known sporadically from the Gulf of California to the Gulf of Panama.","l":"dd","iucn":"Liopropoma longilepis Garman, 1899","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Liopropoma olneyi","v":"yellow-spotted basslet","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The yellow-spotted basslet (Liopropoma olneyi) and the spot-tail basslet (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Liopropoma olneyi Baldwin & Johnson, 2014","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Luciogobius pallidus","v":"well earthworm goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Japanese Archipelago","e":"The well earthworm goby (Luciogobius pallidus) and the cave goby (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Luciogobius pallidus Regan, 1940","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lutjanus papuensis","v":"Papuan snapper","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Papuan snapper (Lutjanus papuensis) is known patchily from shallow reefs off Timor, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lutjanus papuensis Allen, White & Erdmann, 2013","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lycenchelys platyrhina","v":"Arctic eelpout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Arctic eelpout (Lycenchelys platyrhina) is known only by a single specimen collected from deep waters between Jan Mayen Island and Iceland.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lycenchelys platyrhina (Jensen, 1902)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Manonichthys polynemus","v":"thread-finned dottyback","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The thread-finned dottyback (Manonichthys polynemus) is an uncommon species found in northeastern Indonesia, Palau and possibly the southern Philippines.","l":"dd","iucn":"Manonichthys polynemus (Fowler, 1931)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Marcusenius brucii","v":"Ogun mormyrid","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Mano River","e":"The Ogun mormyrid (Marcusenius brucii) is known for certain only from the Ogun River, within Oyo Oyo National Park.","l":"dd","iucn":"Marcusenius brucii (Boulenger, 1910)","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","deforestation","development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Meiacanthus phaeus","v":"Coral Sea fangblenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Coral Sea fangblenny (Meiacanthus phaeus) is known from New Caledonia as well as from the Chesterfield Bank and Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs.","l":"dd","iucn":"Meiacanthus phaeus Smith-Vaniz, 1976","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Melanocharacidium melanopteron","v":"Orinoco darter","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Orinoco darter (Melanocharacidium melanopteron) is known from a few tributaries in eastern Venezuela, where it may be threatened by damming.","l":"dd","iucn":"Melanocharacidium melanopteron Buckup, 1993","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mesopristes elongata","v":"elongated grunter","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The elongated grunter (Mesopristes elongata) is known from several rivers along the eastern coast of Madagascar, where it is threatened by overfishing and habitat destruction.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mesopristes elongatus (Guichenot, 1866)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Micralestes schelly","v":"Schelly tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The lower Congo","e":"The Schelly tetra (Micralestes schelly) and Günther's tetra (M.","l":"dd","iucn":"Micralestes schelly Stiassny & Mamonekene, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Microgenys weyrauchi","v":"Weyrauch's characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Weyrauch's characin (Microgenys weyrauchi) is known only a single locality within the Apurimac River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Microgenys weyrauchi Fowler, 1945","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nannocharax hollyi","v":"Holly's citharine","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Holly's citharine (Nannocharax hollyi) and the Fort Sibut citharine (N.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nannocharax hollyi Fowler, 1936","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nematobrycon lacortei","v":"rainbow tetra","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The rainbow tetra (Nematobrycon lacortei) is known from the San Juan River and its tributary, the Calima River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nematobrycon lacortei Weitzman & Fink, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Notoglanidium depierrei","v":"Djim catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Mbam River","e":"The Djim catfish (Notoglanidium depierrei) is only known from specimens collected in the Djim River, a small tributary of the Mbam River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Notoglanidium depierrei (Daget, 1979)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Notropis ortenburgeri","v":"Kiamichi shiner","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Kiamichi shiner (Notropis ortenburgeri) and the rocky shiner (N.","l":"dd","iucn":"Notropis ortenburgeri Hubbs, 1927","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Ophioscion panamensis","v":"Panama croaker","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Panama croaker (Ophioscion panamensis) is known for certain only from the area of the Panama Canal.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ophioscion panamensis Schultz, 1945","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreonectes furcocaudalis","v":"Xi stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Xi stone loach (Oreonectes furcocaudalis) is a type of cavefish known from a single locality in the Xi River (an outlet of subterranean waters near Rongshui in Guangxi)","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreonectes furcocaudalis Zhu & Cao, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Osteochilus schlegelii","v":"giant sharkminnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The giant sharkminnow (Osteochilus schlegelii) is found patchily in Indochina, peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, and Borneo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Osteochilus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1851)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Oxynoemacheilus araxensis","v":"Erzurum sportive loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Euphrates","e":"The Erzurum sportive loach (Oxynoemacheilus araxensis) and the Mancilik stone loach (O.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oxynoemacheilus araxensis (Bănărescu & Nalbant 1978)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parabotia vancuongi","v":"Vancuong's loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gam barb (Spinibarbus ovalius), Gam steed (Hemibarbus thacmoensis), Gam catfish (Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis), Nahang loach (Vanmanenia nahangensis), Gam river loach (Hemimyzon songamensis), Vancuong's loach (Parabotia vancuongi), Kimluan's loach (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parabotia vancuongi Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis abyssorum","v":"abyssal snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The abyssal snailfish (Paraliparis abyssorum) and the bipolar snailfish (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis abyssorum Andriashev & Chernova, 1997","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis atrolabiatus","v":"darklip snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The darklip snailfish (Paraliparis atrolabiatus) and the sharkmouth snailfish (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis atrolabiatus Stein, Chernova & Andriashev, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraliparis tompkinsae","v":"Tomkins' snailfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Scotia Arc","e":"Tomkins' snailfish (Paraliparis tompkinsae) and the South Orkney snailfish (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraliparis tompkinsae Andriashev, 1992","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraphago rostratus","v":"Kutu characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Kutu characin (Paraphago rostratus) is only known from a single locality in the central Congo River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraphago rostratus Boulenger, 1899","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parastremma album","v":"blank characin","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The blank characin (Parastremma album) is known from the the Baudó and San Juan rivers of western Colombia (Chocó department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Parastremma album Dahl, 1960","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Parazacco babeensis","v":"Bac Can chub","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Bac Can chub (Parazacco babeensis) and Vinh's chub (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parazacco babeensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pardiglanis tarabinii","v":"giant catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The giant catfish (Pardiglanis tarabinii) is known from the Juba and Shebelle rivers of Somalia and the lower Tana River of Kenya, with an additional possible record from the Ewaso Ng'iro River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pardiglanis tarabinii Poll, Lanza & Romoli Sassi, 1972","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","dam/hydro","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pareuchiloglanis feae","v":"Fea's catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Fea's catfish (Pareuchiloglanis feae) is known for certain only from the upper Salween River of southern China and northeastern Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pareuchiloglanis feae (Vinciguerra, 1890)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Parioglossus triquetrus","v":"Viti Levu dartfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"Viti Levu","e":"The Viti Levu dartfish (Parioglossus triquetrus) is known from a small area of mangrove swamps and creeks in southern Viti Levu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parioglossus triquetrus Rennis & Hoese, 1985","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Percina macrocephala","v":"longhead darter","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Ohio River","e":"The longhead darter (Percina macrocephala) was historically widespread within the Ohio River drainage but has been extirpated from much of its former range due to habitat degradation.","l":"dd","iucn":"Percina macrocephala (Cope, 1867)","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Physiculus maslowskii","v":"Maslowski's codling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Maslowski's codling (Physiculus maslowskii) is a deep-sea fish known from a few disjunct seamount localities along the western coast of Africa.","l":"dd","iucn":"Physiculus maslowskii Trunov, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pimelodella hartwelli","v":"Hartwell's pimelodella catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Hartwell's pimelodella catfish (Pimelodella hartwelli) and the Inahuaya pimelodella catfish (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pimelodella hartwelli Fowler, 1940","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Plagiotremus iosodon","v":"Sulu Sea fangblenny","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Sulu Sea fangblenny (Plagiotremus iosodon) is known for certain only from a single locality in the southern Sulu Sea (Tutu Bay on Jolo Island).","l":"dd","iucn":"Plagiotremus iosodon Smith-Vaniz, 1976","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Priapella bonita","v":"graceful priapella","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The graceful priapella (Priapella bonita) was known only in a small area of the Motzorongo River, where it appears to have gone extinct by the 1950s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Priapella bonita (Meek, 1904)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Priolepis sticta","v":"dappled reef goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Flores Sea","e":"The dappled reef goby (Priolepis sticta) is known from a small number of specimens taken from a single locality off Flores, Indonesia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Priolepis sticta Winterbottom & Burridge, 1992","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudolaguvia foveolata","v":"Teesta catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Teesta catfish (Pseudolaguvia foveolata) and the giant fennel catfish (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudolaguvia foveolata Ng, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pseudopoecilia austrocolumbiana","v":"Radda's fish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Radda's fish (Pseudopoecilia austrocolumbiana) is only known from a few specimens collected from rainforest stream in southwestern Colombia (Nariño department).","l":"dd","iucn":"Pseudopoecilia austrocolumbiana Radda, 1987","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","development","harvest","invasive","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pterocryptis buccata","v":"Mae Klong sheatfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Mae Klong sheatfish (Pterocryptis buccata) is a blind species known from a few caves as well as surface streams within the Mae Klong drainage of Kanchanaburi province.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pterocryptis buccata Ng & Kottelat, 1998","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pterothrissus gissu","v":"Japanese gissu","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Japanese gissu (Pterothrissus gissu) is a rare and little-known deep-sea fish from the northwestern Pacific.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pterothrissus gissu Hilgendorf, 1877","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rasbora chrysotaenia","v":"goldstripe rasbora","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The goldstripe rasbora (Rasbora chrysotaenia) is a popular aquarium fish that nevertheless has never been scientifically recorded in the wild state.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rasbora chrysotaenia Ahl, 1937","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhamphichthys atlanticus","v":"Viana sand knifefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Viana sand knifefish (Rhamphichthys atlanticus) is only definitely known from Lake Viana, which is formed by the flooding waters of the Pindaré River, a tributary of the Mearim River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhamphichthys atlanticus Triques, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinogobius longipinnis","v":"Lo goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Lo goby (Rhinogobius longipinnis) is known from the Lo River drainage and from the Nui Coc reservoir and its feeding streams.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinogobius longipinnis Nguyen & Vo, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro"],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhodeus smithii","v":"Smith's bitterling","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Smith's bitterling (Rhodeus smithii) was historically widespread in Kyushu and western Honshu prior to World War II, but has declined dramatically due to loss of habitat and introduced fish species.","l":"ne","iucn":"Rhodeus smithii","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhyacichthys guilberti","v":"Guilbert's loach goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Guilbert's loach goby (Rhyacichthys guilberti) was historically known from one river each on Grande Terre (New Caledonia) and on Vanuatu, but may have been extirpated from the former.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhyacichthys guilberti Dingerkus & Séret, 1992","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Salanx chinensis","v":"Chinese noodlefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Chinese noodlefish (Salanx chinensis) and Cuvier's noodlefish (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Salanx chinensis (Osbeck 1765)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scarus maculipinna","v":"spot-fin parrotfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The spot-fin parrotfish (Scarus maculipinna) is known from reefs off southern Thailand, the Mentawai Islands and western Java.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scarus maculipinna Westneat, Satapoomin & Randall, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura antennata","v":"Ha Tinh stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Ha Tinh stone loach (Schistura antennata) is known from a few small headwater streams in northern Vietnam (Ha Tinh province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura antennata Freyhof & Serov, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura bella","v":"beautiful stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The beautiful stone loach (Schistura bella) and the short-headed stone loach (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura bella Kottelat, 1990","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura kloetzliae","v":"Kloetzli's stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Kloetzli's stone loach (Schistura kloetzliae) and the large-headed stone loach (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura kloetzliae Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura sigillata","v":"Houay Sala Yai stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Houay Sala Yai stone loach (Schistura sigillata), sought stone loach (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura sigillata Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schistura tizardi","v":"Tizard's stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Tizard's stone loach (Schistura tizardi), Rikik's stone loach (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schistura tizardi Kottelat, 2000","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","development","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Schizothorax kumaonensis","v":"Kumaon snowtrout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Kumaon snowtrout (Schizothorax kumaonensis) is a rare species from the upper reaches of the Indus River drainage.","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizothorax kumaonensis Menon, 1971","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Schizothorax yunnanensis","v":"Yunnan snowtrout","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Yunnan snowtrout (Schizothorax yunnanensis) is known from the upper Yangtze and Mekong River drainages and from Lake Caohai in southwestern China (Yunnan and Guizhou).","l":"dd","iucn":"Schizothorax yunnanensis Norman 1923","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sciadonus jonassoni","v":"Jonasson's blind cusk-eel","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Tropical Atlantic Region","e":"Jonasson's blind cusk-eel (Sciadonus jonassoni) is a naturally rare species known from the Caribbean Sea off the coast of Venezuela and from the eastern Atlantic south of Cape Verde.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sciadonus jonassoni (Nybelin, 1957)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scorpaena guttata","v":"California scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The California scorpionfish (Scorpaena guttata) is a highly venomous species found along the eastern Pacific coast from northern California through the Baja California Peninsula, the island of Guadalupe and into the Gulf of California.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scorpaena guttata Girard 1854","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sebastapistes taeniophrys","v":"eyebrow scorpionfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The South China Sea","e":"The eyebrow scorpionfish (Sebastapistes taeniophrys) is only known from two specimens collected in Cammahala Bay, Luzon, in 1909.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sebastapistes taeniophrys (Fowler, 1943)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Silurus burmanensis","v":"Inlé catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Inlé catfish (Silurus burmanensis) has not been reported since its discovery in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Silurus burmanensis Thant, 1966","sil":true,"thr":["harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sinibotia pulchra","v":"golden zebra loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The golden zebra loach (Sinibotia pulchra) is known from the Liu and Gui rivers, tributaries of the Xi River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sinibotia pulchra (Wu, 1939)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sisor rheophilus","v":"torrent-loving catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The torrent-loving catfish (Sisor rheophilus) and the muscular catfish (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sisor rheophilus Ng, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Smilosicyopus pentecost","v":"Pentecost sicyopus goby","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Pentecost sicyopus goby (Smilosicyopus pentecost) is known from Pentecost Island and Malakula Island in Vanuatu, and from Grande Terre, New Caledonia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Smilosicyopus pentecost (Keith, Lord & Taillebois, 2010)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Spinibarbus ovalius","v":"Gam barb","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gam barb (Spinibarbus ovalius), Gam steed (Hemibarbus thacmoensis), Gam catfish (Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis), Nahang loach (Vanmanenia nahangensis), Gam river loach (Hemimyzon songamensis), Vancuong's loach (Parabotia vancuongi), Kimluan's loach (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Spinibarbus ovalius Nguyen & Ngo, 2001","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Suezichthys bifurcatus","v":"striped trawl wrasse","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The striped trawl wrasse (Suezichthys bifurcatus) is a small, rare species from southern and western Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Suezichthys bifurcatus Russell, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":false},{"n":"Syngnathus taenionotus","v":"darkflank pipefish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The darkflank pipefish (Syngnathus taenionotus) and the narrow-snouted pipefish (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Syngnathus taenionotus Canestrini, 1871","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tanichthys albonubes","v":"White Cloud Mountain minnow","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The White Cloud Mountain minnow (Tanichthys albonubes) is a popular aquarium fish with a relatively wide but highly disjunct distribution in southern China, including the island of Hainan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tanichthys albonubes Lin, 1932","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tetracamphilius angustifrons","v":"Boulenger's loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Boulenger's loach catfish (Tetracamphilius angustifrons) is known from the Oubangui River (upstream of Bangui), and from another specimen collected from Stanley Pool (Pool Malebo).","l":"dd","iucn":"Tetracamphilius angustifrons (Boulenger, 1902)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Tetraodon schoutedeni","v":"Schouteden's pufferfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Schouteden's pufferfish (Tetraodon schoutedeni) is known from Stanley Pool and the middle Sangha River.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tetraodon schoutedeni Pellegrin, 1926","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Trachyglanis minutus","v":"minute loach catfish","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The minute loach catfish (Trachyglanis minutus) is known for certain only from the Oubangui River, but may occur as well within the Lossi River (a tributary of the Sangha River).","l":"dd","iucn":"Trachyglanis minutus Boulenger, 1902","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Vanmanenia nahangensis","v":"Nahang loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gam barb (Spinibarbus ovalius), Gam steed (Hemibarbus thacmoensis), Gam catfish (Hemibagrus chiemhoaensis), Nahang loach (Vanmanenia nahangensis), Gam river loach (Hemimyzon songamensis), Vancuong's loach (Parabotia vancuongi), Kimluan's loach (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Vanmanenia nahangensis Nguyen, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Yunnanilus macrogaster","v":"large-stomached stone loach","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The large-stomached stone loach (Yunnanilus macrogaster), black stone loach (Y.","l":"dd","iucn":"Yunnanilus macrogaster Kottelat & Chu, 1988","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Zebrasoma gemmatum","v":"jewelled tang","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The jewelled tang (Zebrasoma gemmatum) is a rare species from the deeper coastal waters of southeastern Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarenes.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zebrasoma gemmatum (Valenciennes, 1835)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Zebrasoma rostratum","v":"longnose tang","c":"Actinopterygii","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The longnose tang (Zebrasoma rostratum) is an uncommon coral reef species from the coral reefs of the central Pacific, where it is threatened by overcollection for the international aquarium trade.","l":"dd","iucn":"Zebrasoma rostratum (Günther, 1875)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Atelognathus solitarius","v":"Las Bayas Patagonia frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Las Bayas Patagonia frog (Atelognathus solitarius) and Nito's Patagonia frog (A.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atelognathus solitarius (Cei, 1970)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bolitoglossa tica","v":"Tico climbing salamander","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Isthmian Highlands","e":"The Tico climbing salamander (Bolitoglossa tica) is known from the Talamanca Cordillera and the Cerros de Escazú in central Costa Rica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Bolitoglossa tica García-París, Parra-Olea & Wake, 2008","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Centrolene paezorum","v":"Inza giant glass frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Inza giant glass frog (Centrolene paezorum) and the Páramo Guanacas giant glass frog (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Centrolene paezorum Ruiz-Carranza, Hernández-Camacho & Ardila-Robayo, 1986","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Colostethus yaguara","v":"Ituango rocket frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Ituango rocket frog (Colostethus yaguara), Antadó rocket frog (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Colostethus yaguara Rivero & Serna, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Copiula major","v":"greater Mehely frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The greater Mehely frog (Copiula major) and Obst's Mehely frog (C.","l":"dd","iucn":"Copiula major Günther, 2002","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Dermophis costaricense","v":"Taylor's burrowing caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Isthmian Highlands","e":"Taylor's burrowing caecilian (Dermophis costaricense) is a little-known subterranean species from the mountains of north-central Costa Rica.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dermophis costaricense Taylor, 1955","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gegeneophis madhavai","v":"Mudur caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Mudur caecilian (Gegeneophis madhavai) and the Mhadei caecilian (G.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gegeneophis madhavai Bhatta & Srinivasa, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Humerana oatesii","v":"Toungoo frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Toungoo frog (Humerana oatesii) is only known from specimens collected in the Pegu Mountains in the 1890s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Humerana oatesii (Boulenger, 1892)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hyloxalus borjai","v":"Borja's rocket frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Borja's rocket frog (Hyloxalus borjai) and the Quebrada La Ayura rocket frog (H.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyloxalus borjai (Rivero & Serna, 2000)","sil":false,"thr":["development"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hyperolius vilhenai","v":"Vilhena's reed frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Vilhena's reed frog (Hyperolius vilhenai) is known only its original collection in the 1960s from gallery forests along the Luita River in northeastern Angola.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hyperolius vilhenai Laurent, 1964","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyophis bernisi","v":"Bernis' caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Bernis' caecilian (Ichthyophis bernisi) and Taylor's caecilian (I.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis bernisi Salvador, 1975","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyophis elongatus","v":"elongated caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The elongated caecilian (Ichthyophis elongatus) is known for certain only from a small area of central-western Sumatra (Sumatera Barat province), although specimens collected from Pagai, Siberut, Pini and Tanah Masa in the Mentawai Islands may also refer to this species.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis elongatus Taylor, 1965","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Ichthyophis larutensis","v":"Larut Hills caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Larut Hills caecilian (Ichthyophis larutensis) is known from two nineteenth century records and one recent one from the border region of southern peninsular Thailand and northwestern peninsular Malaysia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Ichthyophis larutensis Taylor, 1960","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Leptopelis parvus","v":"Kanole forest tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Kanole forest tree frog (Leptopelis parvus) and the Nyonga forest tree frog (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptopelis parvus Schmidt and Inger, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Litoria mareku","v":"Wondiwoi frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Wondiwoi frog (Litoria mareku) and Vera's frog (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria mareku Günther, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Litoria umarensis","v":"Umar frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Umar frog (Litoria umarensis), Elke's frog (L.","l":"dd","iucn":"Litoria umarensis Günther, 2004","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Melanophryniscus dorsalis","v":"Merten's redbelly toad","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Merten's redbelly toad (Melanophryniscus dorsalis) and Miranda-Ribeiro's redbelly toad (M.","l":"ne","iucn":"Melanophryniscus dorsalis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Nyctimystes obsoletus","v":"Simbang big-eyed tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Simbang big-eyed tree frog (Nyctimystes obsoletus) and the Yuwong tree frog (N.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nyctimystes obsoletus (Lönnberg, 1900)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreophryne clamata","v":"noisy cross frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The noisy cross frog (Oreophryne clamata), unicolor cross frog (O.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreophryne clamata Günther, 2003","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreophryne frontifasciata","v":"Horst's cross frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Horst's cross frog (Oreophryne frontifasciata) is known with certainty only from Morotai, but may perhaps occur on Halmahera, Selawati, and Geg as well.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreophryne frontifasciata (Horst, 1883)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreophryne geminus","v":"twin cross frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The twin cross frog (Oreophryne geminus) and the terrestrial cross frog (O.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreophryne geminus Zweifel, Cogger & Richards, 2005","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Oreophryne kampeni","v":"Moroka cross frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Moroka cross frog (Oreophryne kampeni) and the Port Moresby cross frog (O.","l":"dd","iucn":"Oreophryne kampeni Parker, 1934","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Philautus garo","v":"Garo Hills shrub frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Garo Hills shrub frog (Philautus garo) is known from the Garo Hills on the Shillong Plateau of northeastern India (Assam and Meghalaya) and from the Purvanchal Range (Nagaland).","l":"dd","iucn":"Philautus garo (Boulenger, 1919)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Phrynopus miroslawae","v":"Miroslawa's Andes frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Miroslawa's Andes frog (Phrynopus miroslawae), Brack's Andes frog (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Phrynopus miroslawae Chaparro, Padial & De la Riva, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Pristimantis cuneirostris","v":"wedge-snouted robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The wedge-snouted robber frog (Pristimantis cuneirostris) and black-trousered robber frog (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristimantis cuneirostris (Duellman and Pramuk, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pristimantis memorans","v":"recounting robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The recounting robber frog (Pristimantis memorans) and the aimless robber frog (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristimantis memorans (Myers & Donnelly, 1997)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Pristimantis reticulatus","v":"reticulated robber frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The reticulated robber frog (Pristimantis reticulatus) and the stenograph robber frog (P.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pristimantis reticulatus (Walker & Test, 1955)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Scinax danae","v":"Bolívar snouted tree frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Bolívar snouted tree frog (Scinax danae) occurs in both lowland and montane forest within a small area of eastern Venezuela (Bolívar state).","l":"dd","iucn":"Scinax danae (Duellman, 1986)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Uraeotyphlus malabaricus","v":"Malabar caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Malabar caecilian (Uraeotyphlus malabaricus) is known with certainty only from a single locality in Tamil Nadu.","l":"dd","iucn":"Uraeotyphlus malabaricus (Beddome, 1870)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Uraeotyphlus oommeni","v":"Oommen's caecilian","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Oommen's caecilian (Uraeotyphlus oommeni), Menon's caecilian (U.","l":"dd","iucn":"Uraeotyphlus oommeni Gower & Wilkinson, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Xenorhina varia","v":"variable fanged frog","c":"Amphibia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The variable fanged frog (Xenorhina varia) and the Ambaiduru fanged frog (X.","l":"dd","iucn":"Xenorhina varia Günther & Richards, 2005","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Aerodramus orientalis","v":"Mayr's swiftlet","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Mayr's swiftlet (Aerodramus orientalis) is known for certain only from three specimens collected, respectively, from Guadalcanal in 1927, New Ireland in 1963, and Bougainville in 1979.","l":"dd","iucn":"Aerodramus orientalis (Mayr, 1935)","sil":false,"thr":["development","harvest","invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Apus sladeniae","v":"Sladen's swift","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Sladen's swift (Apus sladeniae) is a mysterious species known from the mountains of Bioko (where six specimens were collected in 1903, though none since) and a few other, disjunct montane areas in southeastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Angola, and Equatorial Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Apus sladeniae (Ogilvie-Grant, 1904)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Ara guadeloupensis","v":"Guadeloupe macaw","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Guadeloupe Archipelago","e":"The Guadeloupe macaw (Ara guadeloupensis) was extinct about 1640.","l":"ne","iucn":"Ara guadeloupensis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Cyanoramphus subflavescens","v":"Lord Howe red-fronted parakeet","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Lord Howe red-fronted parakeet (Cyanoramphus subflavescens) was last reported in 1869.","l":"ne","iucn":"Cyanoramphus subflavescens","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leucocarbo melanogenis","v":"Crozet shag","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Crozet shag (Leucocarbo melanogenis) is a type of marine cormorant that breeds only on the Crozet Islands and on Prince Edward and Marion Islands, the latter being two small sub-Antarctic islands located southwest of South Africa.","l":"ne","iucn":"Leucocarbo albiventer","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lobotos oriolinus","v":"eastern wattled cuckoo-shrike","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The eastern wattled cuckoo-shrike (Lobotos oriolinus) is widely but patchily found in the lowland rainforests of central Africa, where it nevertheless appears to be very rare for reasons as yet unknown.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lobotos oriolinus Bates, 1909","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Neocrex colombiana","v":"Colombian crake","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Colombian crake (Neocrex colombiana) is a type of rail divided into two subspecies.","l":"dd","iucn":"Neocrex colombiana Bangs, 1898","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Otus frutuosoi","v":"São Miguel scops owl","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"São Miguel","e":"The São Miguel scops owl (Otus frutuosoi) probably became extinct after European settlement due to habitat destruction and the introduction of alien species.","l":"ne","iucn":"Otus frutuosoi","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Psittacara maugei","v":"Mauge's parakeet","c":"Aves","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Mauge's parakeet (Psittacara maugei), which may or may not have historically ranged on Puerto Rico itself, was last seen on Mona Island in 1882.","l":"ne","iucn":"Aratinga chloroptera","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Amblyraja georgiana","v":"Patagonian starry skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Patagonian starry skate (Amblyraja georgiana) is known for certain only from the southeastern Pacific near Chile and from South Georgia Island, where it may be vulnerable to bycatch from trawl and longline fisheries.","l":"dd","iucn":"Amblyraja georgiana (Norman, 1938)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Atelomycterus marnkalha","v":"eastern banded catshark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The eastern banded catshark (Atelomycterus marnkalha) is an uncommon species from the northern and northeastern coasts of Australia including parts of the Arafura Sea, the Gulf of Carpentaria, and the Torres Strait.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atelomycterus marnkalha Jacobsen & Bennett, 2007","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Cruriraja andamanica","v":"Andaman legskate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Andaman legskate (Cruriraja andamanica) is known for certain only from a handful of specimens collected from the Andaman Sea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cruriraja andamanica (Lloyd, 1909)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Megatrygon microps","v":"smalleye stingray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The smalleye stingray (Megatrygon microps) has a patchy distribution in the tropical Indo-Pacific which includes coastal areas of Mozambique, South Asia, the Gulf of Thailand, Indonesia and northern Australia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Megatrygon microps (Annandale, 1908)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Mustelus walkeri","v":"eastern spotted gummy shark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The eastern spotted gummy shark (Mustelus walkeri) is known from a few localities off the northeastern coast of Australia (Queensland).","l":"dd","iucn":"Mustelus walkeri White & Last, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Okamejei philipi","v":"Philip's skate","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Gulf of Aden","e":"Philip's skate (Okamejei philipi) is a poorly-known species from the Gulf of Aden.","l":"dd","iucn":"Okamejei philipi (Lloyd, 1906)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Rhinoptera neglecta","v":"Australian cownose ray","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Australian cownose ray (Rhinoptera neglecta) is found disjunctly in northern and northeastern coastal Australia, where it is threatened by fisheries bycatch.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby, 1912","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scymnodalatias albicauda","v":"whitetail dogfish","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The whitetail dogfish (Scymnodalatias albicauda) has a patchy distribution in the southern oceans, where it has been recorded from the southeastern Atlantic, southern Indian and southwestern Pacific oceans.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scymnodalatias albicauda Taniuchi & Garrick,1986","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Somniosus longus","v":"frog shark","c":"Chondrichthyes","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The frog shark (Somniosus longus) is a very rare deepwater species known from fewer than a dozen specimens collected patchily from across the Pacific Ocean, though mainly in the region of Japan.","l":"dd","iucn":"Somniosus longus (Tanaka, 1912)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Arctodus simus","v":"","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Nearctic Realm, as here defined, consists of most of the continental regions","e":"Many large animals, including horses, camels, tapirs, mammoths, mastodonts, ground sloths, sabre-tooth cats (Smilodon), the giant short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) and at least two species of American cheetah (Miracinonyx) became extinct in North America at the end of the ice ages.","l":"ne","iucn":"Arctodus simus","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Artibeus inopinatus","v":"unexpected fruit-eating bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The unexpected fruit-eating bat (Artibeus inopinatus) is a little-known species found along the Pacific versant of El Salvador, Honduras and Nicaragua.","l":"dd","iucn":"Artibeus inopinatus Davis & Carter, 1964","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Bubalus bubalis","v":"","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"From the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries the Spanish introduced pigs, dogs, chickens, Philippine deer (Rusa marianna) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).","l":"ne","iucn":"Bubalus bubalis","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Calyptophractus retusus","v":"greater fairy armadillo","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The greater fairy armadillo (Calyptophractus retusus) is found patchily in central and southeastern Bolivia, western Paraguay and extreme northern Argentina.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calyptophractus retusus (Burmeister, 1863)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chaerephon russatus","v":"russet free-tailed bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The russet free-tailed bat (Chaerephon russatus) is only known from five widely-separated localities in Ivory Coast, Ghana, central Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and southwestern Kenya.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chaerephon russatus J.A. Allen, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chlamyphorus truncatus","v":"pink fairy armadillo","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The pink fairy armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus), the smallest of all armadillo species, is found in the drier areas of central Argentina where it is threatened by loss of habitat and collection for use as pets.","l":"dd","iucn":"Chlamyphorus truncatus Harlan, 1825","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dasyprocta azarae","v":"Azara's agouti","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Azara's agouti (Dasyprocta azarae) is a type of rodent still found over a wide area of southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay and northwestern Argentina, but has been extirpated from many areas due to overhunting.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Dendrogale melanura","v":"Bornean smooth-tailed treeshrew","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Bornean smooth-tailed treeshrew (Dendrogale melanura) is divided into two subspecies.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dendrogale melanura (Thomas, 1892)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Echymipera echinista","v":"Menzies' spiny bandicoot","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Menzies' spiny bandicoot (Echymipera echinista) is a type of terrestrial marsupial known for certain only from two disjunct localities in central-western and southwestern Papua New Guinea.","l":"dd","iucn":"Echymipera echinista Menzies, 1990","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive","mining"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gerbillus lowei","v":"Lowe's gerbil","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Lowe's gerbil (Gerbillus lowei) and the Darfur gerbil (G.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerbillus lowei Thomas & Hinton, 1923","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Glauconycteris curryae","v":"Curry's bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Curry's bat (Glauconycteris curryae) is a little-known species from southern Cameroon and northwestern Democratic Republic of Congo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Glauconycteris curryae Eger & Schlitter, 2003","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Hypsugo vordermanni","v":"Vordermann's pipistrelle bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Vordermann's pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo vordermanni) is known from a few sporadic records originating in coastal Borneo, Banggi Island, and Belitung.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hypsugo vordermanni Jentink, 1890","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lama glama","v":"Spaniards reached South America, for instance, the llama","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"By the time the Spaniards reached South America, for instance, the llama (Lama glama) and the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) had already long been domesticated and had lost certain characteristics.","l":"ne","iucn":"Lama glama","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lariscus niobe","v":"Niobe ground squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Niobe ground squirrel (Lariscus niobe) is known from the mountains of western Sumatra and eastern Java, where it has likely been impacted by loss of habitat.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lariscus niobe (Thomas, 1898)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Macruromys elegans","v":"lesser small-toothed rat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The lesser small-toothed rat (Macruromys elegans) is only known from four specimens collected on Mount Kunupi in 1931.","l":"dd","iucn":"Macruromys elegans Stein, 1933","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Miniopterus griveaudi","v":"Comoros bent-winged bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Comoros bent-winged bat (Miniopterus griveaudi) is known from Grande Comore and Anjouan as well as from a few localities in northern and western Madagascar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Miniopterus griveaudi Harrison, 1959","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Muntiacus feae","v":"Fea's muntjac","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Fea's muntjac (Muntiacus feae) is a little-known species from the Malay Peninsula (southern Myanmar and southern Thailand), where it is likely threatened by hunting and habitat destruction.","l":"dd","iucn":"Muntiacus feae (Thomas & Doria, 1889)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Muntiacus montanus","v":"Sumatran mountain muntjac","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Sumatran mountain muntjac (Muntiacus montanus) is a small deer first discovered in 1914 but unrecorded since 1930 until one was snared (and released) in Kerinci Seblat National Park, central-western Sumatra, in 2002.","l":"dd","iucn":"Muntiacus montanus Robinson & Kloss, 1918","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Muntiacus putaoensis","v":"leaf muntjac","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The leaf muntjac (Muntiacus putaoensis), standing as it does only abuot 60 centimetres in height, is considered the smallest true deer in the world.","l":"dd","iucn":"Muntiacus putaoensis Amato, Egan & Rabinowitz, 1999","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Muntiacus rooseveltorum","v":"Roosevelts' muntjac","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Roosevelts' muntjac (Muntiacus rooseveltorum) was long known only by a single specimen collected from northern Laos (Phongsali province) in 1929.","l":"dd","iucn":"Muntiacus rooseveltorum Osgood, 1932","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","climate/drought","dam/hydro","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Muntiacus truongsonensis","v":"Annamite muntjac","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Annamite muntjac (Muntiacus truongsonensis) is a tiny species first disovered in the Annamite Mountains of central Vietnam (Quang Nam province) in 1997.","l":"dd","iucn":"Muntiacus truongsonensis (Giao, Tuoc, Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander & Mackinnon, 1997)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Mus goundae","v":"Gounda mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Gounda mouse (Mus goundae) and the Oubangui mouse (M.","l":"dd","iucn":"Mus goundae F. Petter & Genest, 1970","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Myotis annamiticus","v":"Annamite mouse-eared bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Annamite mouse-eared bat (Myotis annamiticus) is known for certain only from a single valley in central Vietnam (Quang Binh province), though its range likely extends further and perhaps into neighbouring Laos.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myotis annamiticus Kruskop & Tsytsulina, 2001","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Naemorhedus griseus","v":"Chinese goral","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus) is a small, goat-like ungulate found in the mountainous regions of China, Myanmar, India, Thailand, Vietnam and possibly Laos.","l":"ne","iucn":"Naemorhedus griseus","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Neusticomys oyapocki","v":"Oyapock's fish-eating rat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Oyapock's fish-eating rat (Neusticomys oyapocki) is known from a few localities within a relatively wide area of Surinam, French Guiana, and northern Brazil (Amapá and Pará).","l":"dd","iucn":"Neusticomys oyapocki (Dubost & Petter, 1978)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","mining","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Nyctimene draconilla","v":"dragon tube-nosed fruit bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The dragon tube-nosed fruit bat (Nyctimene draconilla) is known from a handful of specimens collected from few disjunct localities on either side of the Central Highlands.","l":"dd","iucn":"Nyctimene draconilla Thomas, 1922","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Paraxerus cooperi","v":"Cooper's mountain squirrel","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Cameroon Volcanic Line","e":"Cooper's mountain squirrel (Paraxerus cooperi) is a little-known species found patchily in the mountains of western Cameroon and eastern Nigeria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Paraxerus cooperi Hayman, 1950","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Philantomba walteri","v":"Walter's duiker","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Walter's duiker (Philantomba walteri) is known from a few dozen skulls and carcasses taken from bushmeat markets in Benin, Togo and southern Nigeria.","l":"dd","iucn":"Philantomba walteri Colyn, Hulselmans, Sonet, Oudé, de Winter, Natta, Nagy & Verheyen, 2010","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pteropus lombocensis","v":"Lesser Sunda flying fox","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Lesser Sunda flying fox (Pteropus lombocensis) is known from Lombok, Sumbawa, Komodo, Flores, Lomblen, Pantar, Alor and Timor.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pteropus lombocensis Dobson, 1878","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought","development","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Pteropus speciosus","v":"Andersen's flying fox","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Andersen's flying fox (Pteropus speciosus) is known for certain only from Mindanao and the Sulu Islands in the Philippines, as well as from the Talaud Islands and two small islands off the southeastern coast of Borneo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pteropus speciosus Andersen, 1908","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","deforestation","development","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Pudu mephistophiles","v":"northern pudú","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The northern pudú (Pudu mephistophiles), the world's smallest deer, occupies a discontinuous and probably fragmented range in the montane forests and high-elevation grasslands of the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, where it is threatened mainly by habitat destruction.","l":"dd","iucn":"Pudu mephistophiles (de Winton, 1896)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Rhinolophus keyensis","v":"Peters' horseshoe bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Peters' horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus keyensis) is known sporadically from the Lesser Sunda Islands and the Moluccas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Rhinolophus keyensis Peters, 1871","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Scotophilus borbonicus","v":"lesser yellow bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The lesser yellow bat (Scotophilus borbonicus) was considered common on the island of Réunion in the Mascarenes during the early nineteenth century but soon disappeared.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scotophilus borbonicus (É. Geoffroy, 1803)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Sylvilagus insonus","v":"Omiliteme cottontail rabbit","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"The Omiliteme cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus insonus) is known from fewer than ten specimens collected within a small area of south-central Guerrero, and may possibly be extinct.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sylvilagus insonus (Nelson, 1904)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Talpa davidiana","v":"Père David's mole","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Père David's mole (Talpa davidiana) is known from two localities on the Iranian Plateau of northwestern Iran (Kurdistan province) and southeastern Turkey.","l":"dd","iucn":"Talpa davidiana (Milne-Edwards, 1884)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Taphozous achates","v":"Indonesian tomb bat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Indonesian tomb bat (Taphozous achates) is known sporadically from the Lesser Sunda Islands and the Moluccas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Taphozous achates Thomas, 1915","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Thomasomys pyrrhonotus","v":"Thomas' Oldfield mouse","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Thomas' Oldfield mouse (Thomasomys pyrrhonotus) is found in southern Ecuador and northwestern Peru.","l":"dd","iucn":"Thomasomys pyrrhonotus Thomas, 1886","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tragulus versicolor","v":"silver-backed chevrotain","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The silver-backed chevrotain (Tragulus versicolor) is a little-known type of “mouse-deer” that was first described in 1910 on the basis of four specimens collected from what is now central Vietnam.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tragulus versicolor Thomas, 1910","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Tylomys panamensis","v":"Gray's climbing rat","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Gray's climbing rat (Tylomys panamensis) and the fulvous-bellied climbing rat (T.","l":"dd","iucn":"Tylomys panamensis (Gray, 1873)","sil":false,"thr":["development","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Vicugna pacos","v":"","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"By the time the Spaniards reached South America, for instance, the llama (Lama glama) and the alpaca (Vicugna pacos) had already long been domesticated and had lost certain characteristics.","l":"ne","iucn":"Vicugna pacos","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Volemys musseri","v":"Marie's vole","c":"Mammalia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Marie's vole (Volemys musseri) is known from a few specimens collected in the alpine meadows of the Qionglai Mountains.","l":"dd","iucn":"Volemys musseri (Lawrence, 1982)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Eptatretus polytrema","v":"fourteen-gill hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The fourteen-gill hagfish (Eptatretus polytrema), Bischoff's hagfish (E.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eptatretus polytrema (Girard, 1855)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Myxine pequenoi","v":"dwarf hagfish","c":"Myxini","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The dwarf hagfish (Myxine pequenoi) and the central Chilean hagfish (M.","l":"dd","iucn":"Myxine pequenoi Wisner & McMillan, 1995","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Antillotyphlops annae","v":"Saint Barthelémy blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"Saint Barthelémy","e":"The Saint Barthelémy blind snake (Antillotyphlops annae) was first first described from a single specimen in 1996, and was not observed again until 2014.","l":"dd","iucn":"Antillotyphlops annae (Breuil, 1999)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Atractus obesus","v":"obese ground snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The obese ground snake (Atractus obesus), Nicefor's ground snake (A.","l":"dd","iucn":"Atractus obesus Marx, 1960","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Boiga dightoni","v":"Travancore cat snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Travancore cat snake (Boiga dightoni) is known from a few disjunct areas of the Western Ghats in Kerala.","l":"dd","iucn":"Boiga dightoni (Boulenger, 1894)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Brachyseps gastrostictus","v":"O'Shaughnessy's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"O'Shaughnessy's skink (Brachyseps gastrostictus) has only been recorded from two, widely-separated localities in eastern Madagascar (Anjanaharibe-Sud in the northeast and Andrangoloaka further south), which suggests that the species is likely to occur between them as well.","l":"dd","iucn":"Brachyseps gastrostictus (O'Shaugnessy, 1879)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Calamaria palavanensis","v":"Palawan reed snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"Palawan","e":"The Palawan reed snake (Calamaria palavanensis) has not been reported since its initial collection in the 1960s.","l":"dd","iucn":"Calamaria palavanensis Inger & Marx, 1965","sil":true,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Celestus orobius","v":"Talamanca galliwasp","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Talamanca galliwasp (Celestus orobius) is a type of lizard known from two widely-separated localities in central and southwestern Costa Rica (San José and Puntarenas provinces).","l":"dd","iucn":"Celestus orobius Savage & Lips, 1994","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Chelonoidis carbonarius","v":"red-footed tortoise","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The red-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonarius) is found in suitable habitat across a wide area from southern Panama to Bolivia, Paraguay and possibly northern Argentina, but is everywhere threatened by collection for food and the international pet trade.","l":"ne","iucn":"Chelonoidis carbonarius","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Coelognathus enganensis","v":"Enggano rat snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Enggano rat snake (Coelognathus enganensis) has not been recorded since it was first collected in the 1930s, despite repeated surveys.","l":"dd","iucn":"Coelognathus enganensis (Vinciguerra, 1892)","sil":true,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Copeoglossum margaritae","v":"Margarita skink","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Margarita skink (Copeoglossum margaritae) is known from three specimens collected in 1953 and 1967, along with an observation in 2004.","l":"dd","iucn":"Copeoglossum margaritae Hedges & Conn, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true},{"n":"Cryophis hallbergi","v":"Hallberg's cloud forest snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca","e":"Hallberg's cloud forest snake (Cryophis hallbergi) is known from the Juárez and Mazateca ranges in north-central Oaxaca.","l":"dd","iucn":"Cryophis hallbergi Bogert & Duellman, 1963","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Dryophiops philippina","v":"Philippine whipsnake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Philippine whipsnake (Dryophiops philippina) was historically common throughout the Philippines, but has undergone a significant decline and is now rarely recorded.","l":"dd","iucn":"Dryophiops philippina Boulenger, 1896","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Eirenis thospitis","v":"Two subspecies of Anatolian dwarf racer","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Two subspecies of Anatolian dwarf racer (Eirenis thospitis) is divided into two subspecies found in the mountains of southeastern Anatolia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Eirenis thospitis Schmidtler & Lanza, 1990","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Emoia cyclops","v":"Cyclops Mountains emo skink","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Cyclops Mountains emo skink (Emoia cyclops) is known from a number of specimens collected in the Cyclops Mountains in 1938, but not reported since.","l":"dd","iucn":"Emoia cyclops Brown, 1991","sil":true,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":false},{"n":"Epictia undecimstriata","v":"eleven-striped blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The eleven-striped blind snake (Epictia undecimstriata) is only known from its original collection during the early nineteenth century from an undefined locality in Bolivia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Epictia undecimstriata (Schlegel, 1839)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Gallotia auaritae","v":"La Palma giant lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"La Palma","e":"The La Palma giant lizard (Gallotia auaritae) was long thought extinct until a small, remnant population was rediscovered in northern La Palma in 2007.","l":"ne","iucn":"Gallotia auaritae","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Gerrhopilus fredparkeri","v":"Fred Parker's worm snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Fred Parker's worm snake (Gerrhopilus fredparkeri) and McDowell's worm snake (G.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gerrhopilus fredparkeri (Wallach, 1996)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Gyiophis maculosa","v":"Blanford's mud snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Blanford's mud snake (Gyiophis maculosa) and Voris' mud snake (G.","l":"dd","iucn":"Gyiophis maculosa (Blanford, 1881)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi","v":"López-Jurado's house gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"López-Jurado's house gecko (Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi) was first described in 2008 from Fogo.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hemidactylus lopezjuradoi Arnold, Vasconcelos, Harris, Mateo & Carranza, 2008","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydrophis stricticollis","v":"collared sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Bay of Bengal","e":"The collared sea snake (Hydrophis stricticollis) historically occurred in the coastal waters of the Bay of Bengal from Sri Lanka to Myanmar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrophis stricticollis Günther, 1864","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Hydrophis walli","v":"Wall's sea snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Wall's sea snake (Hydrophis walli) and the plain sea snake (H.","l":"dd","iucn":"Hydrophis walli (Kharin, 1989)","sil":false,"thr":["dam/hydro","harvest","invasive","pollution"],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidodactylus oortii","v":"Oort's scaly-toed gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Oort's scaly-toed gecko (Lepidodactylus oortii) is known from the Banda, Damar and Tanimbar islands in the southern Moluccas.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidodactylus oorti (Kopstein, 1926)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Lepidophyma tarascae","v":"Tarascan tropical night lizard","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The Sierra Madre del Sur","e":"The Tarascan tropical night lizard (Lepidophyma tarascae) is known from two, widely separated localities in Michoacán state (Mexiquillo on the Pacific coast, and from the Coalcomán Range).","l":"dd","iucn":"Lepidophyma tarascae Bezy, Webb & Álvarez, 1982","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Leptosiaphos dungeri","v":"Dunger's skink","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Dunger's skink (Leptosiaphos dungeri) is known for certain only from high-altitude savanna on the Jos Plateau, though another population on the Adamawa Plateau in Cameroon may also be attributable to this species.","l":"dd","iucn":"Leptosiaphos dungeri Trape, 2012","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Liophidium trilineatum","v":"Madagascar three-lined snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Madagascar three-lined snake (Liophidium trilineatum) is known from very few records from the region of Lake Tsimanampetsotsa, as well as Andranobe and Benonoka in southwestern and southern Madagascar.","l":"dd","iucn":"Liophidium trilineatum Boulenger, 1896","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Lycodon philippinus","v":"Philippine bridal snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Philippine bridal snake (Lycodon philippinus) was historically known from a number of islands, but in recent years has been reported only from northern Luzon, Marinduque, and Panay.","l":"dd","iucn":"Lycodon philippinus (Griffin, 1909)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Madatyphlops microcephalus","v":"small-headed blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The small-headed blind snake (Madatyphlops microcephalus) is a burrowing species known from the lowland humid and dry forests of Montagne d'Ambre, Ampombofofo and Montagne des Français in northeastern Madagascar (former Antsiranana province).","l":"dd","iucn":"Madatyphlops microcephalus (Werner, 1909)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","development","harvest","mining"],"pa":true},{"n":"Madatyphlops reuteri","v":"Reuter's blind snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Reuter's blind snake (Madatyphlops reuteri) and Boettger's blind snake (M.","l":"dd","iucn":"Madatyphlops reuteri (Boettger, 1881)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation"],"pa":true},{"n":"Parapistocalamus hedigeri","v":"Bougainville coral snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Bougainville coral snake (Parapistocalamus hedigeri) is a very rare species from eastern and southern Bougainville.","l":"dd","iucn":"Parapistocalamus hedigeri Roux, 1934","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":false},{"n":"Platyceps gracilis","v":"graceful racer","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The graceful racer (Platyceps gracilis) is found patchily in the dry forests and shrublands of western and northwestern India (Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan).","l":"dd","iucn":"Platyceps gracilis (Günther, 1862)","sil":false,"thr":["agriculture","deforestation","harvest"],"pa":true},{"n":"Scolecoseps acontias","v":"sandy limbless skink","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"The East African coastal forests","e":"The sandy limbless skink (Scolecoseps acontias) is known for certain only from a single, now lost specimen collected in 1913 from central coastal Tanzania.","l":"dd","iucn":"Scolecoseps acontias (Werner, 1913)","sil":false,"thr":["deforestation","harvest","invasive"],"pa":true},{"n":"Sphaerodactylus elegantulus","v":"Antigua least gecko","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Antigua least gecko (Sphaerodactylus elegantulus) is a naturally rare species from Antigua, its satellites and Barbuda.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphaerodactylus elegantulus Barbour, 1917","sil":false,"thr":["invasive"],"pa":false},{"n":"Sphenomorphus mimikanus","v":"Mimika River skink","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The Mimika River skink (Sphenomorphus mimikanus) and Wollaston's skink (S.","l":"dd","iucn":"Sphenomorphus mimikanus (Boulenger, 1914)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest"],"pa":false},{"n":"Synophis lasallei","v":"Lasalle's shadow snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Lasalle's shadow snake (Synophis lasallei) is known from a few scattered localities across all three Andean cordilleras in west-central Colombia.","l":"dd","iucn":"Synophis lasallei (Nicéforo-María, 1950)","sil":false,"thr":["harvest","pollution"],"pa":true},{"n":"Varanus telenesetes","v":"mysterious tree monitor","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"The mysterious tree monitor (Varanus telenesetes) was originally described based on a single specimen supposedly collected on Rossel Island, in the Louisiade Archipelago.","l":"dd","iucn":"Varanus telenesetes Sprackland, 1991","sil":false,"thr":["climate/drought"],"pa":false},{"n":"Xylophis stenorhynchus","v":"Günther's mountain snake","c":"Reptilia","t":1,"b":"no restriction statement","s":"","e":"Günther's mountain snake (Xylophis stenorhynchus) is known for certain only from the Valparai Plateau, Anaimalai Hills (Kerala and Tamil Nadu).","l":"dd","iucn":"Xylophis stenorhynchus (Günther, 1875)","sil":false,"thr":[],"pa":true}]}